Showing posts with label Giovanni Paolo Marana. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Giovanni Paolo Marana. Show all posts

Saturday, October 29, 2022

Kristina's letter to Giovanni Paolo Marana, dated May 12/22 (New Style), 1688

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, reine de Suède, volume 4, page 67, compiled and edited by Johan Arckenholtz, 1760; original at the University of Michigan


Bibliothèque interuniversitaire (Montpellier); Manuscrits de la reine Christine; X: Lettere a diversi; Varii lettere de suoi tempi; 120: Christine de Suède à Giovanni Paolo Marana, Rome, 22 mai 1688 (digitisation page 118v-119r)


Christine (1626-1689 ; reine de Suède), Manuscrits de la reine Christine: Lettere a diversi, : , 1601-1700.

The Foli@ online digital heritage library is here:


Copyright SCDI-UPV - Collections Université de Montpellier (shelfmark H 258).


The letter (with Kristina's handwriting in italics; this transcript added after receiving permission and guidance on March 19, 2024 from Elizabeth Denton, the Head of the Collection of Patrimonial Documents):

S[ignor]e Gio:[vanni] Paolo Marana. Hò riceuuto con part[icolar]e gradimento il V[ost]ro Panegirico in Lode del Rè Christianissimo interessandomi io nelle glorie d'un si gran Rè quanto nelle proprie l'ho letto con gusto. Compatisco intanto le V[ost]re disauuenture, godo però del sollieuo che vi vien somministrato dalla munificenza del Rè, mà voglio che restiate persuaso che anch'io ui fauorirò volontieri doue potrò stimando li vostri Virtuosi talenti. Dio ui prosperi. Roma 22. Mag[gio] 1688 —
Chri
ricopiate
L'Abb[at]e Santinj

With modernised spelling:

Signore Giovanni Paolo Marana,
Ho ricevuto con particolare gradimento il vostro panegirico in lode del re cristianissimo, interessandomi io nelle glorie d'un si gran re quanto nelle proprie, l'ho letto con gusto. Compatisco intanto le vostre disavventure, godo però del sollievo che vi vien somministrato dalla munificenza del re; ma voglio che restiate persuaso che anch'io vi favorirò volontieri dove potrò, stimando li vostri virtuosi talenti. Dio vi prosperi. Roma, 22 maggio 1688. —
Cri
Ricopiate.
L'abbate Santini.

Arckenholtz's transcript of the letter:

Li 22. Maggio 1688.
Signor Giov: Paolo Marana. Hò ricevuto con particolar gradimento il vostro Panegirico in lode del Rè Christianissimo, interessandomi io nelle glorie d'un si gran Rè, quanto nelle proprie; l'hò letto con gusto, e Compatisco in tanto le vostre disaventure; godo però del soglievo che vi vien somministrato dalla munificenza del Rè, mà voglio che restiate persuaso, che anch'io vi favorirò volontieri, dove potrò, stimando i vostri virtuosi talenti. Dio vi prosperi.

With modernised spelling:

Li 22 maggio 1688.
Signor Giovanni Paolo Marana,
Hò ricevuto con particolar gradimento il vostro panegirico in lode del re cristianissimo, interessandomi io nelle glorie d'un si gran re, quanto nelle proprie; l'ho letto con gusto e compatisco in tanto le vostre disavventure. Godo però del soglievo che vi vien somministrato dalla munificenza del re, ma voglio che restiate persuaso che anch'io vi favorirò volontieri dove potrò, stimando i vostri virtuosi talenti. Dio vi prosperi.

French translation (my own):

Le 22 mai 1688.
Monsieur Jean Paul Marana,
J'ai reçu avec un plaisir particulier votre panégyrique à la louange du Roi très chrétien, car je m'intéresse autant aux gloires d'un si grand roi qu'aux miennes; je l'ai lu avec enthousiasme et je compatis à vos mésaventures. Mais je jouis du seuil qui vous est donné par la munificence du Roi, mais je veux que vous restiez persuadé que moi aussi je vous favoriserai volontiers là où je le pourrai, en estimant vos talents vertueux. Dieu vous prospère.

Swedish translation (my own):

Den 22 maj 1688.
Signor Giovanni Paolo Marana,
Jag har mottagit Er panegyrik till priset av den allerkristelige konungen med särskilt nöje, såsom jag är intresserad av en så stor konungs ära lika mycket som av min egen; jag har läst den med bravur och jag har medlidande med Era missöden. Men jag njuter av den tröskel som ges till Er av konungens godhet, men jag vill att Ni förblir övertygad om att även jag villigt kommer att gynna Er där jag kan och uppskatta Era dygdiga talanger. Gud välsigne Er.

English translation (my own):

May 22, 1688.
Signor Giovanni Paolo Marana,
I have received your panegyric in praise of the Most Christian King with particular pleasure, as I am interested in the glories of such a great king as much as in my own; I have read it with gusto and I sympathise with your misadventures. But I enjoy the threshold that is given to you by the King's munificence, but I want you to remain persuaded that I too will willingly favour you where I can, esteeming your virtuous talents. God bless you.

French translation of the original (my own):

Sieur Jean Paul Marana,
J'ai reçu avec un plaisir particulier votre panégyrique à la louange du roi très chrétien, m'intéressant aux gloires d'un si grand roi comme à la mienne, je l'ai lu avec plaisir. En attendant, je plains vos mésaventures, mais je jouis du soulagement que vous donne la munificence du roi; mais je veux que vous restiez persuadé que moi aussi je vous favoriserai volontiers autant que possible, estimant vos talents vertueux. Dieu vous prospère. Rome, 22 mai 1688. —
Chri
Recopiez-ceci.
L'abbé Santini.

Swedish translation of the original (my own):

Signor Giovanni Paolo Marana,
Jag har med särdeles nöje mottagit Er panegyrik till lovprisning av den allerkristlige konungen, varande intresserad av en så stor konungs härlighet som i min egen, jag har läst den med nöje. Emellertid tycker jag synd om Era missöden, men jag njuter av den lättnad som Ni får av konungens munificens; men jag vill att Ni förblir övertygad om att jag också gärna vill gynna Er där jag kan, uppskattande Era dygdiga talanger. Gud välsigne Er. Rom, den 22 maj 1688. —
Kri
Rekopiera detta.
Abboten Santini.

English translation of the original (my own):

Signor Giovanni Paolo Marana,
I have received with particular pleasure your panegyric in praise of the Most Christian King, being interested in the glories of such a great King as in my own, I have read it with pleasure. In the meantime, I pity your misadventures, but I enjoy the relief that is given to you by the King's munificence; but I want you to remain persuaded that I too will gladly favour you where I can, esteeming your virtuous talents. God prosper you. Rome, May 22, 1688. —
Kri
Recopy this.
Abbot Santini.


Above: Kristina.


Above: King Louis XIV of France.

Thursday, September 24, 2020

Letter excerpt from Mahmut, "a Turkish spy", to Bassa Afis reporting Kristina's illness, Lennart Torstensson being made a count, and on Pierre Hector Chanut getting into an argument with Kristina's secretary of State, dated January 28/February 7 (New Style), 1647 (APOCRYPHAL; FABRICATION BY GIOVANNI PAOLO MARANA)

Sources:

L'espion dans les cours des princes chrétiens, volume 3, pages 28 to 30 (Lettre VI), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, 1739 (Erasme Kinkius edition); original at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign


Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy: Who lived Five and forty Years, Undiscovered, at Paris, volume 3, pages 218 to 220 (Book II, Letter XXII), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, translated by William Bradshaw, 1687 (1691 edition); scan in the collections Early English Books, 1641-1700; Books In Microfilm; and Microfilm, via the Internet Archive


The Eight Volumes of Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy: Who Liv'd Five and Forty Years Undiscover'd at Paris, volume 3, page 173 (Letter XXII), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, 1748 (twelfth edition); original at Harvard University


The letter excerpt (in French translation, Kinkius edition, 1739):

... LEs dépêches venues depuis peu à cette Cour, & de cette Cour à celle de Suede, contiennent plûtôt des matieres à complimens, que des affaires importantes. La Reine Christine a été fort mal, ce qui a donné lieu à la Reine Regente de France d'écrire des lettres de condoléance.

Celles qui viennent de Suede, disent que le Général Torstenson a été fait Comte, & qu'en recompense des grands services qu'il a rendus à la Couronne, cette dignité passera jusqu'à ses descendans.

Ces mêmes lettres ajoûtent qu'il y a eu de grosses paroles entre Monsieur Chanut, & le Secretaire d'Etat de Suede; & que le dernier en sortant de la Chambre où ils se disputoient, mit la main sur son épée, & dit ces mots à Monsieur Chanut: «Si le droit des gens ne mettoit pas votre personnes à couvert, je vous répondrois en une autre langue.» Monsieur Chanut répondit à cela: qu'il portoit une épée pour s'en défendre, & pour défendre son honneur aussi-bien qu'aucun Suedois.

Le sujet du démêlé étoit, que trop d'étrangers Catholiques Romains alloient à la Chapelle de Monsieur Chanut; que cela déplaisoit aux Suedois, qui ne permettoient pas dans le Royaume l'exercice de la Religion Romaine. On coupe les génitoires à tous les Prêtres qu'on peut attraper, & l'on inflige de rigoureuses peines aux particuliers. Monsieur Chanut soutint le droit des gens; & après que le Secretaire lui eût dit, que la Reine permettoit à lui & à sa maison l'exercice de leur Religion; mais qu'elle le prioit de ne recevoir dans sa Chapelle aucune autre personne de quelque nation qu'elle fût; ce Ministre répondit: Qu'il ne pouvoit recevoir de sa Majesté la liberté d'exercer sa Religion comme une faveur, ou comme une permission, puisqu'il la tenoit seulement du Roi de France son Maître, qui l'avoit envoyé en Suede; & qu'il ne fermeroit point la porte de sa Chapelle à ceux qui y viendroient. Que leur Loi, qui selon leur supputation, avoit été fait plus de deux cens ans après la fondation de leur Etat, ne pouvoit point abroger le droit des gens, qui est éternel: Que cette Loi particuliere accordoit des privileges particuliers à certaines gens, & sur tout aux Ministres des Princes étrangers: Que leur nouvelle Loi, telle qu'elle étoit, n'ayant été faite que pour maintenir le Service public, ne regardoit en aucune façon ce qui se faisoit chez un Ministre étranger par un privilege special: & qu'il n'étoit d'aucune consequence à l'Etat, que ces étrangers servent Dieu, ou ne le servent pas, ou qu'ils le servent bien ou mal: Qu'il ne venoit aucun Suedois à sa Chapelle, mais seulement quelques François demeurans dans le pays: Qu'en France on ne traitoit pas ainsi les Ambassadeurs de Suede, qui recevoient dans leur Chapelle ceux qu'ils vouloient. Que la Maison où il demeuroit apartenoit au Roi de France; & que par consequent il n'en pouvoit refuser l'entrée à aucuns Catholiques, & principalement à ceux qui étoient nés sujets du Roi son Maître: Et qu'enfin il étoit fort dur de l'obliger d'être l'exécuteur de cette rigoureuse Loi, en le contraignant, contre les loix d'hospitalité, contre l'honneur d'un Ministre public, & contre la volonté de son Souverain, à fermer ses portes à ses compatriotes.

Le Secretaire répondit à cela d'une maniere trop picquante. Ils s'échaufferent sur cela, & l'Ambassadeur François résolu de maintenir son privilege, le Secretaire éclata avec emportement, de la maniere que j'ai déja dit, & mit la main sur son épée en sortant de la chambre.

Les Suedois ont le défaut des peuples des autres pays Septentrionaux de l'Europe; c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont de leur naturel brusques & offensans. La civilité & les manieres honnêtes & obligeantes des François, sont des choses qu'ils ne connoissent point. La Reine cependant, ayant apris la chose, ne fut pas contente de son Ministre, & fit des excuses à Monsieur Chanut, en lui disant: que le Secretaire étoit un serviteur fidéle, mais qu'il avoit été élevé dans les bois avec les Ours.

With modernised spelling:

... Les dépêches venues depuis peu à cette cour, et de cette cour à celle de Suède, contiennent plutôt des matières à compliments que des affaires importantes. La reine Christine a été fort mal, ce qui a donné lieu à la reine-régente de France d'écrire des lettres de condoléance.

Celles qui viennent de Suède disent que le général Torstensson a été fait comte et qu'en recompense des grands services qu'il a rendus à la Couronne, cette dignité passera jusqu'à ses descendants.

Ces mêmes lettres ajoutent qu'il y a eu de grosses paroles entre Monsieur Chanut et le secrétaire d'État de Suède et que le dernier, en sortant de la chambre où ils se disputaient, mit la main sur son épée et dit ces mots à Monsieur Chanut: «Si le droit des gens ne mettait pas votre personne à couvert, je vous répondrais en une autre langue.»

Monsieur Chanut répondit à cela qu'il portait une épée pour s'en défendre, et pour défendre son honneur aussi bien qu'aucun Suédois.

Le sujet du démêlé était que trop d'étrangers catholiques romains allaient à la chapelle de Monsieur Chanut; que cela déplaisait aux Suédois, qui ne permettaient pas dans le royaume l'exercice de la religion romaine. On coupe les génitoires à tous les prêtres qu'on peut attraper, et l'on inflige de rigoureuses peines aux particuliers.

Monsieur Chanut soutint le droit des gens; et, après que le secrétaire lui eut dit que la reine permettait à lui et à sa maison l'exercice de leur religion, mais qu'elle le priait de ne recevoir dans sa chapelle aucune autre personne de quelque nation qu'elle fût, ce ministre répondit qu'il ne pouvait recevoir de Sa Majesté la liberté d'exercer sa religion comme une faveur ou comme une permission, puisqu'il la tenait seulement du roi de France, son maître, qui l'avait envoyé en Suède; et qu'il ne fermerait point la porte de sa chapelle à ceux qui y viendraient.

Que leur loi, qui, selon leur supputation, avait été fait plus de deux cens ans après la fondation de leur État, ne pouvait point abroger le droit des gens, qui est éternel; que cette loi particulière accordait des privilèges particuliers à certaines gens, et surtout aux ministres des princes étrangers. Que leur nouvelle loi, telle qu'elle était, n'ayant été faite que pour maintenir le service public, ne regardait en aucune façon ce qui se faisait chez un ministre étranger par un privilège spécial, et qu'il n'était d'aucune conséquence à l'État que ces étrangers servent Dieu ou ne le servent pas, ou qu'ils le servent bien ou mal.

Qu'il ne venait aucun Suédois à sa chapelle, mais seulement quelques Français demeurants dans le pays; qu'en France on ne traitait pas ainsi les ambassadeurs de Suède, qui recevaient dans leur chapelle ceux qu'ils voulaient. Que la maison où il demeurait appartenait au roi de France et que, par conséquent, il n'en pouvait refuser l'entrée à aucuns catholiques, et principalement à ceux qui étaient nés sujets du roi son maître; et qu'enfin il était fort dur de l'obliger d'être l'exécuteur de cette rigoureuse loi, en le contraignant, contre les lois d'hospitalité, contre l'honneur d'un ministre public et contre la volonté de son souverain, à fermer ses portes à ses compatriotes.

Le secrétaire répondit à cela d'une manière trop piquante. Ils s'échauffèrent sur cela; et, l'ambassadeur français résolu de maintenir son privilège, le secrétaire éclata avec emportement, de la manière que j'ai déjà dit, et mit la main sur son épée en sortant de la chambre.

Les Suédois ont le défaut des peuples des autres pays septentrionaux de l'Europe; c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont de leur naturel brusques et offensants. La civilité et les manières honnêtes et obligeantes des Français sont des choses qu'ils ne connaissent point. La reine, cependant, ayant appris la chose, ne fut pas contente de son ministre et fit des excuses à Monsieur Chanut en lui disant que le secrétaire était un serviteur fidèle, mais qu'il avait été élevé dans les bois avec les ours.

Swedish translation (my own):

... De depescher som nyligen kommit till detta hov, och från detta hov till Sveriges, innehåller mer material för komplimanger än viktiga ärenden. Drottning Kristina har varit mycket sjuk, vilket har föranlett Frankrikes drottningregentinna att skriva kondoleansbrev.

De som kommer från Sverige säger att general Torstensson har blivit greve och att denna värdighet, som belöning för de stora tjänster han utförde Kronan, skall gå vidare till hans ättlingar.

Samma brev tillägger att det förekom ett hetsigt gräl mellan monsieur Chanut och den svenske statssekreteraren, och att den senare, när han lämnade rummet där de hade grälat, drog sitt svärd och sade till monsieur Chanut: »Om folkrätten inte skyddade Er person, skulle jag svara Er på ett annat språk.«

Monsieur Chanut svarade att han bar ett svärd för att försvara sig själv och sin heder så bra som vilken svensk som helst.

Orsaken till grälet var att alltför många romersk-katolska utlänningar gick till monsieur Chanuts kapell; detta misshagade svenskarna, som inte tillät utövandet av den romerska religionen i sitt rike. Könen på alla präster som kunde gripas avskars, och svåra straff utdömdes för privatpersoner.

Monsieur Chanut försvarade folkrätten; och efter att sekreteraren hade sagt till honom att drottningen tillät honom och hans hushåll att utöva sin religion, men att hon bad honom att inte ta emot någon annan person i sitt kapell, oavsett vilken nation de än var, svarade denne minister att han inte kunde få friheten att utöva sin religion från Hennes Majestät som en tjänst eller som ett tillstånd, eftersom han endast hade den från Frankrikes konung, sin herre, som hade sänt honom till Sverige; och att han inte skulle stänga dörren till sitt kapell för dem som ville komma dit.

Att deras lag, som enligt deras påstående hade stiftats mer än tvåhundra år efter grundandet av deras stat, inte kunde upphäva folkrätten, som är evig; att just denna lag gav särskilda privilegier till vissa personer, och särskilt till utländska furstars ministrar. Att deras nya lag, som den lydde, hade stiftats endast för att upprätthålla offentlig tjänst, inte på något sätt berörde vad som gjordes av en utrikesminister under ett särskilt privilegium, och att det inte var av någon betydelse för staten huruvida dessa utlänningar tjänade Gud eller inte, eller om de tjänade honom väl eller dåligt.

Att inga svenskar kom till hans kapell, utan endast ett fåtal fransmän som bodde i landet; att i Frankrike behandlades inte Sveriges ambassadörer på detta sätt, utan tog emot vem de ville i sitt kapell. Att huset där han bodde tillhörde Frankrikes konung och att han följaktligen inte kunde vägra inträde för några katoliker, och särskilt inte för dem som var födda undersåtar till konungen, hans herre; och att det slutligen var mycket svårt att tvinga honom att verkställa denna stränga lag, som tvingade honom att, mot gästfrihetslagarna, mot en offentlig ministers heder och mot sin suveräns vilja, stänga sina dörrar för sina landsmän.

Sekreteraren svarade på detta på ett alltför pikant sätt. De blev upprörda över det; och eftersom den franske ambassadören var fast besluten att behålla sitt privilegium, blev sekreteraren rasande på det sätt jag redan har berättat om och satte handen på sitt svärd när han lämnade rummet.

Svenskarna delar felet med folken i de andra nordeuropeiska länderna; det vill säga, de är till sin natur bryska och kränkande. Fransmännens artighet och ärliga och förpliktande maner är något de inte känner till. Drottningen, som emellertid fick veta detta, var inte nöjd med sin minister och bad monsieur Chanut om ursäkt, sägande att sekreteraren var en trogen tjänare, men att han hade uppfostrats i skogen med björnarna. ...

English translation (by Bradshaw):

SEveral Dispatches have been lately sent between this Court and that of Suedeland; containing rather Matter of Compliment, than any Things of Great Importance. Queen Christina has been very Ill, which has occasion'd Letters of Condoleance from the Queen-Regent of France.

Those which come from that Part say, That General Torstenson is made a Count, and the Dignity entail'd to his Posterity, in Recompense to his Eminent Services to the Suedish Crown.

These Letters add, That there have pass'd some high Words, between Monsieur Chanut, and the Suedish Secretary of State. And, that the latter, in going out of the Chamber where they discoursed, laid his Hand upon his Sword, with these Words; "Monsieur Chanut, Were it not for the Fence which the Law of Nations has raised about your Person, I would answer you in another Language." To which Monsieur Chanut replied, That he wore a Sword to defend himself and his Private Honour, as well as any Suede in the Kingdom.

The Occasion of this Quarrel was, the great Resort of Roman Catholick Strangers to Monsieur Chanut's Chappel, which gave disgust to the Suedes, who allow not the Exercise of the Roman Religion within their Territories. They castrate all the Priests of that Communion, whom they find; and prosecute the Laity with rigorous Penalties. But, Monsieur Chanut pleaded the Law of Nations: And, when the Secretary told him, That the Queen permitted him and his Family the Liberty of their Religion, but desired him not to admit any other Persons of what Nations soever; This Minister replied, That he could not receive as a Favour or Permission from her Majesty, the Liberty of Exercising his Religion; since, he held it only of his Master, the King of France, who had sent him thither, and, that he would not shut the Door of his Chappel, against any that would come in: That their Law, which according to their own Calcule, was made above Two Thousand Years after the Foundation of their Estate, could not abrogate the Law of Nations, which is Eternal: That this Perpetual Law, gave particular Privileges to certain Persons, and especially to the Ministers of Foreign Princes: That their New Law, such as it was, being only made to maintain the Publick Worship, respected not what was done in the House of a Foreign Minister, by a Special Privilege; it being of no Consequence to the State, whether such Foreigners served God or not, or whether they worshipped Him in a Right or Wrong Way: That no Suede came to his Chappel, but only some French who were Sojourners in the Land: That they did not use the Suedish Ambassadors so in France, who admitted whom they pleased into their Chappels. That the House where he now dwelt, was the House of the King of France, and that therefore, he could not by Consequence refuse any Catholicks an Entrance into it, especially such as were born Subjects of his Master: And, in Fine, That it was very Rude, to oblige him to be the Executioner of this severe Law, in requiring him to shut his Doors upon his Countrymen, against the Common Laws of Hospitality, the Honour of a Publick Minister, and the Pleasure of the King his Sovereign.

To this the Secretary made something too tart a Reply. Whereupon, Words increasing between them, and the French Ambassador being resolute to assert his Privilege, the Secretary broke out into a Passion, as I have before mention'd, laying his Hand upon his Sword, as he was leaving the Room.

The Suedes, are Naturally a rugged, surly People, as are all the Northern Europeans. They are Strangers to Civility, and the Gentile Address of the French. Yet, the Queen, when she heard of this Passage, was angry with her Minister, and excused his Rudeness to Monsieur Chanut; telling him, That the Secretary was a Faithful Servant, but had been educated among the Bears of the Forest. ...
Paris, 7th. of the 2d. Moon,
of the Year 1647.

With modernised spelling:

Several dispatches have been lately sent between this court and that of Swedeland, containing rather matter of compliment than any things of great importance. Queen Kristina has been very ill, which has occasioned letters of condolence from the Queen Regent of France.

Those which come from that part say that General Torstensson is made a count and the dignity entailed to his posterity, in recompense to his eminent services to the Swedish Crown.

These letters add that there have passed some high words between Monsieur Chanut and the Swedish secretary of State and that the latter, in going out of the chamber where they discoursed, laid his hand upon his sword with these words: "Monsieur Chanut, were it not for the fence which the law of nations has raised about your person, I would answer you in another language."

To which Monsieur Chanut replied that he wore a sword to defend himself and his private honour as well as any Swede in the kingdom.

The occasion of this quarrel was the great resort of Roman Catholic strangers to Monsieur Chanut's chapel, which gave disgust to the Swedes, who allow not the exercise of the Roman religion within their territories. They castrate all the priests of that communion whom they find and prosecute the laity with rigorous penalties.

But Monsieur Chanut pleaded the law of nations; and, when the secretary told him that the Queen permitted him and his family the liberty of their religion, but desired him not to admit any other persons of what nations soever, this minister replied that he could not receive as a favour or permission from Her Majesty the liberty of exercising his religion since he held it only of his master the King of France, who had sent him thither, and that he would not shut the door of his chapel against any that would come in.

That their law, which, according to their own calcule, was made above two thousand years after the foundation of their estate, could not abrogate the law of nations, which is eternal; that this perpetual law gave particular privileges to certain persons, and especially to the ministers of foreign princes. That their new law, such as it was, being only made to maintain the public worship, respected not what was done in the house of a foreign minister by a special privilege, it being of no consequence to the State whether such foreigners served God or not, or whether they worshipped Him in a right or wrong way.

That no Swede came to his chapel, but only some French who were sojourners in the land; that they did not use the Swedish ambassadors so in France, who admitted whom they pleased into their chapels. That the house where he now dwelt was the house of the King of France and that therefore he could not by consequence refuse any Catholics an entrance into it, especially such as were born subjects of his master; and, in fine, that it was very rude to oblige him to be the executioner of this severe law in requiring him to shut his doors upon his countrymen, against the common laws of hospitality, the honour of a public minister, and the pleasure of the King, his sovereign.

To this the secretary made something too tart a reply; whereupon, words increasing between them, and the French ambassador being resolute to assert his privilege, the secretary broke out into a passion, as I have before mentioned, laying his hand upon his sword as he was leaving the room.

The Swedes are naturally a rugged, surly people, as are all the northern Europeans. They are strangers to civility and the genteel address of the French. Yet the Queen, when she heard of this passage, was angry with her minister and excused his rudeness to Monsieur Chanut, telling him that the secretary was a faithful servant, but had been educated among the bears of the forest. ...
Paris, 7th of the second moon, of the year 1647.

The 1748 version of Bradshaw's translation:

Queen Christina has been very ill, which has occasion'd Letters of Condolance from the Queen Regent of France.

English translation (my own):

The dispatches that have recently come to this court, and from this court to that of Sweden, contain more material for compliments than important matters. Queen Kristina has been very ill, which has prompted the Queen Regent of France to write letters of condolence.

Those which come from Sweden say that General Torstensson has been made a count and that, in reward for the great services he rendered to the Crown, this dignity will pass to his descendants.

These same letters add that there was a heated argument between Monsieur Chanut and the Swedish secretary of State, and that the latter, upon leaving the room where they had been arguing, drew his sword and said to Monsieur Chanut: "If the law of nations did not protect your person, I would answer you in another language."

Monsieur Chanut replied that he carried a sword to defend himself and his honour as well as any Swede.

The source of the quarrel was that too many Roman Catholic foreigners were going to Monsieur Chanut's chapel; this displeased the Swedes, who did not permit the practice of the Roman religion in their kingdom. The genitories of all priests who could be caught were cut off, and rigorous pains were inflicted on private persons.

Monsieur Chanut defended the law of nations; and, after the secretary had told him that the Queen allowed him and his household to practice their religion, but that she asked him not to receive in his chapel any other person, of whatever nation they might be, this minister replied that he could not receive from Her Majesty the liberty to practice his religion as a favour or as a permission, since he held it only from the King of France, his master, who had sent him to Sweden; and that he would not close the door of his chapel to those who would come there.

That their law, which, according to their supputation, had been made more than two hundred years after the founding of their State, could not abrogate the law of nations, which is eternal; that this particular law granted special privileges to certain people, and especially to the ministers of foreign princes. That their new law, as it stood, having been made only to maintain public service, did not in any way concern itself with what was done by a foreign minister under a special privilege, and that it was of no consequence to the State whether these foreigners served God or not, or whether they served Him well or badly.

That no Swedes came to his chapel, but only a few French people residing in the country; that in France the ambassadors of Sweden were not treated in this way, receiving in their chapel whomever they wished. That the house where he was staying belonged to the King of France and that, consequently, he could not refuse entry to any Catholics, and especially to those who were born subjects of the King, his master; and that, finally, it was very difficult to force him to be the executor of this rigorous law, compelling him, against the laws of hospitality, against the honour of a public minister, and against the will of his sovereign, to close his doors to his compatriots.

The secretary replied to this in a too piquant manner. They became heated over it; and, the French ambassador resolute on maintaining his privilege, the secretary flew into a rage, in the manner I have already told of, and put his hand on his sword as he left the room.

The Swedes share the fault of the peoples of the other northern European countries; that is to say, they are by nature brusque and offensive. The civility and the honest and obliging manners of the French are things they do not know. The Queen, however, having learned of this, was not content with her minister and made excuses to Monsieur Chanut, telling him that the secretary was a faithful servant, but that he had been raised in the woods with the bears.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Anne of Austria, Queen Regent of France.


Above: Lennart Torstensson.

Notes: General Lennart Torstensson became Count of Ortala and Väddö Parish in Uppland. His promotion to count took place on February 5/15 (Old Style).

The secretary of State = Andreas Gyldenklou (1602-1665).

Friday, September 13, 2019

Description of Kristina from Mahmut, "a Turkish spy", to the Agha of the Janissaries, dated August 7/17 (New Style), 1646 (APOCRYPHAL; FABRICATION BY GIOVANNI PAOLO MARANA)

Sources:

L'espion dans les cours des princes chrétiens, volume 2, pages 457 to 460 (Lettre CXVI), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, 1739 (Erasme Kinkius edition); original at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign


Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy: Who lived Five and forty Years, Undiscovered, at Paris, volume 3, pages 173 to 177 (Book II, Letter XI), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, translated by William Bradshaw, 1687 (1691 edition); scan in the collections Early English Books, 1641-1700; Books In Microfilm; and Microfilm, via the Internet Archive


The Eight Volumes of Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy: Who Liv'd Five and Forty Years Undiscover'd at Paris, volume 3, pages 137 to 140 (Letter XI), by Giovanni Paolo Marana, 1748 (twelfth edition); original at Harvard University


A description of Kristina given in a letter written by "Mahmut", "a Turkish spy", to the Agha of the Janissaries on August 7/17 (New Style), 1646. Fiction by Giovanni Paolo Marana.

The letter excerpt (in French translation, Kinkius edition, 1739):

... Ecoute en attendant, ce que les François disent de Christine Reine de Suéde, dont tu me demandes le portrait.

Elle est fille unique de Gustave Adolphe...

Après la mort de Gustave, les Etats du Royaume assemblés, Christine sa fille fut proclamée Reine; & durant sa minorité, on lui nomma pour Tuteur cinq des principaux Officiers du Royaume, qui étoient chargés en même tems de toute l'administration des affaires publiques.

Cette Princesse entend parfaitement bien sept Langues. Elle a une bonne connoissance de la Philosophie ancienne & moderne, & sçait l'Histoire en perfection. Et pour tout dire en un mot, elle passe pour la plus sçavante Princesse de son tems.

Elle a un air agréable & majestueux; un œil perçant; une partie de ses cheveux pendent autour de deux tempes, & descendent à boucles jusques sur ses épaules; ceux du derriere de la tête sont tressés en forme de Couronne. C'est ainsi qu'elle est représentée dans un de ses tableaux que j'ai vû dans une Galerie du Palais du Cardinal Mazarin, qui témoigne avoir beaucoup de vénération pour cette Reine. Si j'avois pu acheter ce portrait, comme je fis celui de Gustave, je te l'aurois envoyé: Mais à peine tous les pinceaux de Paris sont-ils suffisans pour fournir les Cabinets & les Galeries des gens de qualité, des portraits de cette admirable Princesse, qui est devenue l'idole des François.

Il s'est présenté pour elle plusieurs grands partis; mais elle les a tous refusés, ou par raison d'Etat, ou par dégoût des personnes, ou par aversion pour le Sacrement; ou parce que les Nobles, qui paroissent bienaises d'être gouvernés par une fille, se sont opposés à son mariage. Incontinent après la mort de son pere, le Roi de Dannemarck la fit demander; mais sa proposition fut refusée tout à plat. ...

With modernised spelling:

... Écoute en attendant ce que les Français disent de Christine, reine de Suède, dont tu me demandes le portrait.

Elle est fille unique de Gustave-Adolphe...

Après la mort de Gustave, les États du Royaume assemblés, Christine, sa fille, fut proclamée reine; et, durant sa minorité, on lui nomma pour tuteur cinq des principaux officiers du royaume, qui étaient chargés en même temps de toute l'administration des affaires publiques.

Cette princesse entend parfaitement bien sept langues. Elle a une bonne connaissance de la philosophie, ancienne et moderne, et sait l'histoire en perfection; et, pour tout dire en un mot, elle passe pour la plus savante princesse de son temps.

Elle a un air agréable et majestueux; un œil perçant; une partie de ses cheveux pendent autour de deux tempes et descendent à boucles jusque sur ses épaules; ceux du derrière de la tête sont tressés en forme de couronne. C'est ainsi qu'elle est représentée dans un de ses tableaux que j'ai vu dans une galerie du palais du cardinal Mazarin, qui témoigne avoir beaucoup de vénération pour cette reine. Si j'avais pu acheter ce portrait, comme je fis celui de Gustave, je te l'aurais envoyé; mais à peine tous les pinceaux de Paris sont-ils suffisants pour fournir les cabinets et les galeries des gens de qualité des portraits de cette admirable princesse, qui est devenue l'idole des Français.

Il s'est présenté pour elle plusieurs grands partis, mais elle les a tous refusés — ou par raison d'État, ou par dégoût des personnes, ou par aversion pour le sacrement; ou parce que les nobles, qui paraissent bien aises d'être gouvernés par une fille, se sont opposés à son mariage. Incontinent après la mort de son père, le roi de Danemark la fit demander, mais sa proposition fut refusée tout à plat. ...

Swedish translation (my own):

... Lyssna under tiden på vad fransmännen säger om Kristina, Sveriges drottning, vars porträtt du ber mig om.

Hon är enda dotter till Gustav Adolf...

Efter Gustavs död samlades Riksständerna, och Kristina, hans dotter, utropades till drottning; och under hennes minderårighet utsågs fem av rikets första officerare till hennes förmyndare, vilka också ansvarade för hela förvaltningen av offentliga angelägenheter.

Denna prinsessa förstår sju språk utmärkt. Hon har goda kunskaper i filosofi, både forntida och moderna, och känner till historia fullständigt; och, för att uttrycka allt med ett ord, går hon för att vara sin tids lärdaste prinsessa.

Hon har en behaglig och majestätisk air; genomträngande ögon; en del av hennes hår hänger runt tinningarna och faller i lockar ner till axlarna; håret på baksidan av hennes huvud är flätat i form av en krona. Så avbildas hon i en av hennes målningar som jag har sett i ett galleri i kardinal Mazarins palats, som uppenbarligen har stor vördnad för denna drottning. Om jag kunde ha köpt detta porträtt, liksom jag gjorde Gustavs porträtt, skulle jag ha skickat det till dig; men knappast är alla penslar i Paris tillräckliga för att förse skåpen och gallerierna hos personer av kvalitet med porträtt av denna beundransvärda prinsessa, som har blivit fransmännens avgudinna.

Flera stora friare har presenterat sig för henne, men hon har avböjt dem alla — antingen av statsreson, av avsky för folket, eller av motvilja mot sakramentet; eller för att adelsmännen, som verkade mycket nöjda med att styras av en flicka, motsatte sig hennes äktenskap. Omedelbart efter hennes fars död lät Danmarks konung fråga efter henne, men hans förslag avslogs blankt. ...

English translation (by Bradshaw):

... In the mean while, hear what the French say, of Christina Queen of Suedeland, of whom thou requirest a Description.

She is the onely Daughter of Gustavus Adolphus ...

After the Death of Gustavus, the States of the Kingdom assembling, proclaimed Christina Queen; And, during her Minority, committed her to the Tutelage of Five Principal Officers of the Kingdom, who also took on them, the whole Care of the Commonwealth,

She is perfect in Seven Languages. Well vers'd in Ancient and Modern Philosophy; And, a complete Historian. In fine, she has acquired the Title, of the Most Learned Princess of her Time.

She is of a Graceful and Majestick Aspect: Has a piercing Eye: Wears Part of her Hair loose about her Temples, and flowing down in Curls to her Shoulders; the Rest braided up behind, in Form of a Wreath. Thus is she represented by her Picture, which I have seen in a Gallery of Cardinal Mazarini's Palace, who possesses a great Veneration for this Queen. Could I have purchas'd her Portraicture, as I did her Father's, I would have sent it thee: But all the Pencils in Paris are hardly sufficient, to supply the Closets and Galleries of the Nobles, with this Admired Figure. She is become the Idol of the French.

Many great Matches have been offered her; but, she refuses all, either for Reasons of State, or Dislike of the Persons, or an Aversion she has for a Married Life; or through Opposition of her Nobles, who seem to covet to be governed by a Maiden Queen. Soon after her Father's Death, the King of Denmark attempted to make her his Wife; but his Redress was abruptly rejected. ...
Paris, 17th. of the 8th. Moon,
of the Year 1646.

With modernised spelling:

... In the meanwhile, hear what the French say of Kristina, Queen of Swedeland, of whom thou requirest a description.

She is the only daughter of Gustavus Adolphus ...

After the death of Gustavus, the States of the Kingdom, assembling, proclaimed Kristina Queen and, during her minority, committed her to the tutelage of five principal officers of the kingdom, who also took on them the whole care of the Commonwealth.

She is perfect in seven languages, well-versed in ancient and modern philosophy, and a complete historian. In fine, she has acquired the title of the most learned princess of her time.

She is of a graceful and majestic aspect; has a piercing eye; wears part of her hair loose about her temples and flowing down in curls to her shoulders, the rest braided up behind in form of a wreath. Thus is she represented by her picture, which I have seen in a Gallery of Cardinal Mazzarini's palace, who possesses a great veneration for this queen. Could I have purchased her portraiture, as I did her father's, I would have sent it thee; but all the pencils in Paris are hardly sufficient to supply the closets and galleries of the nobles with this admired figure. She is become the idol of the French.

Many great matches have been offered her, but she refuses all — either for reasons of State, or dislike of the persons, or an aversion she has for a married life; or through opposition of her nobles, who seem to covet to be governed by a maiden queen. Soon after her father's death, the King of Denmark attempted to make her his wife, but his redress was abruptly rejected. ...
Paris, 17th of the 8th moon, of the year 1646.

The 1748 version of Bradshaw's translation:

... In the meanwhile, hear what the French say about Christina Queen of Swedeland, of whom thou requirest a Description.

She is the only Daughter of Gustaphus Adolphus ...

After the Death of Gustavus, the States of the Kingdom assembling, proclaim'd Christina Queen, and during her Minority, committed her to the Tutelage of Five principal Officers of the Kingdom, who also took on them the whole Care of the Commonwealth.

She is perfect in Seven Languages, well vers'd in Ancient and Modern Philosophy, and a complete Historian. In fine, she has acquir'd the Title of the most learned Princess of her Time.

She is of a most graceful and Majestick Aspect; has a piercing Eye; wears part of her Hair loose about her Temples, and flowing down in Curls to her Shoulders; the rest braided up behind, in Form of a Wreath. Thus is she represented by her Picture, which I have seen in a Gallery of Cardinal Mazarini's Palace, who possesses a great Veneration for this Queen. Could I have purchased this Pourtraiture, as I did her Father's, I would have sent it thee: But all the Pencils in Paris are hardly sufficient to supply the Closets and Galleries of the Nobles with this admired Figure. She is become the Idol of the French.

Many great Matches have been offer'd her, but she refuses all, either for Reasons of State, or Dislike of the Persons, or an Aversion she has for a married Life; or through Opposition of her Nobles, who seem to covet to be govern'd by a Maiden Queen. Soon after her Father's Death, the King of Denmark attempted to make her his Wife; but his Address was abruptly rejected.

English translation (my own):

... Listen, in the meantime, to what the French are saying about Kristina, Queen of Sweden, whose portrait you ask me for.

She is the only daughter of Gustav Adolf...

After Gustav's death, the Estates of the Realm were assembled, and Kristina, his daughter, was proclaimed Queen; and, during her minority, five of the principal officers of the realm were appointed as her guardians, who were also charged with the entire administration of public affairs.

This princess understands seven languages perfectly well. She has a good knowledge of philosophy, ancient and modern, and knows history perfectly; and, to say everything in a word, she passes for the most learned princess of her time.

She has an agreeable and majestic air; piercing eyes; some of her hair hangs around her temples and falls in curls to her shoulders; the hair at the back of her head is braided in the shape of a crown. This is how she is depicted in one of her paintings that I have seen in a gallery in the palace of Cardinal Mazarin, who clearly has great veneration for this queen. If I could have bought this portrait, as I did that of Gustav, I would have sent it to you; but scarcely are all the brushes in Paris sufficient to supply the cabinets and galleries of persons of quality with portraits of this admirable princess, who has become the idol of the French.

Several grand suitors have presented themselves to her, but she has refused them all — either for reasons of State, or out of disgust for the people, or out of aversion to the sacrament; or because the nobles, who appeared quite pleased to be governed by a girl, opposed her marriage. Immediately after her father's death, the King of Denmark had her be asked for, but his proposition was flatly refused. ...


Above: Kristina.