Lucas Holstenius's diary entry, dated November 5/15 (New Style), 1655

Source:

Revue des langues romanes: quatrième série, tome cinquième, page 541, published by the Society for the Study of the Romance Languages, 1891

https://books.google.com/books?id=DLNJAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=pierre+bourdelot+lettre+christine&source=gbs_navlinks_s

The diary entry:

15. Mane discessimus Laviso Tridentum. Episcopus medio itinere ocurrit reginæ egregrio nobilium virorum comitatu. Quæ Tridentum ingressa recte perrexit ad templum cathedrale, ubi solemni cleri processione excepta, sacrum audivit ad altare S:mi crucifixi, ad genustatorium tribus gradibus elevatum; perrexit inde ad ecclesiam S. Mariæ Majoris, ubi synodus habita fuit, et postea ad S. Petrum, ubi asservatur corpus S. Simonis Pulvi. Inde in villa suburbana episcopi pransa fuit. Ego cum legato et episcopo sum pransus nobilissimo apparatu. Sub nocte Culianum pervenimus, episcopo reginam ad tria circiter passum millia comitante. Cum regina Calianum ingrederetur, barones Tropi, loci illius domini, ex castello superiori magno tormentorum strepitu lætitiam testati sunt. Hoc die Laviso ad episcopum Brixinensem, et Tridento ad Rev:dum Berkhoverum suffraganeum ejus, scripsi de simulacro dei Mithræ quod in pago Maulz extat delineando in gratiam Reginæ.

Regina Tridenti plane eodem modo excepta quo regis Hispaniarum soror, imperatrix, et imperatoris filia reginæ Hispaniæ; sub noctem episcopi Tridentini munus egregrium rerum comestibilium mihi oblatum fuit; quod hospiti relinqui.

French translation (my own):

15. Le matin nous sommes partis de Laives pour Trente. L'évêque a rencontré la reine au milieu du voyage, accompagné d'une compagnie distinguée de nobles. Entrée à Trente, elle se rendit directement à la cathédrale, où, accompagnée d'une procession solennelle du clergé, elle entendit le service sacré à l'autel du Très Saint Crucifix, qui était élevé au genustatorium par trois marches; elle se rendit de là à l'église de Sainte Marie Majeure, où se tenait le synode, et ensuite à Saint-Pierre, où le corps de saint Simon est enchâssé. Puis il y eut déjeuner à la maison de campagne de l'évêque. J'ai dîné avec l'ambassadeur et l'évêque de la manière la plus noble.

A la tombée de la nuit, nous arrivâmes à Calliano, l'évêque accompagnant la reine sur environ trois milles. Lorsque la reine entra dans Calliano, les barons de Troppi, les seigneurs de ce lieu, furent témoins de la joie du château supérieur avec un grand bruit de canon. Ce jour-là j'écrivais à Laives à l'évêque de Bressanone, et à Trente au révérend Berkhoff, son suffragant, au sujet de l'image du dieu Mithra, qui se dresse dans le village de Maulz, la dessinant en faveur de la reine.

La reine fut reçue à Trente exactement comme la sœur du roi d'Espagne, l'impératrice, et la fille de l'empereur, la reine d'Espagne; pendant la nuit, l'évêque de Trente m'offrit un don extraordinaire de comestibles, que je laissai aux invités.

Swedish translation (my own):

15. På morgonen åkte vi från Leifers till Trento. Biskopen mötte drottningen mitt under resan, åtföljd av ett förnämt sällskap av adelsmän. Efter att ha kommit in i Trento gick hon direkt till katedralen, där hon, åtföljd av en högtidlig procession av prästerskapet, hörde den heliga gudstjänsten vid det heligaste krucifixets altare, som höjdes till genustatoriet med tre steg; hon gick därifrån till kyrkan Santa Maria Maggiore, där synoden hölls, och därefter till Peterskyrkan, där den helige Simons kropp är inskriven. Sedan var det middag på Biskopens lantställe. Jag åt middag med ambassadören och biskopen på det ädlaste sätt.

På kvällen anlände vi till Calliano, biskopen som följde med drottningen i cirka tre mil. När drottningen gick in i Calliano, bevittnade baronerna av Troppi, herrarna på den platsen, glädjen från det övre slottet med ett stort kanonljud. Den här dagen skrev jag i Leifers till biskopen av Brixen och i Trento till reverenden Berkhoff, hans suffragan, om bilden av guden Mithras, som står i byn Maulz och ritar den till förmån för drottningen.

Drottningen mottogs i Trento på exakt samma sätt som syster till konungen av Spanien, kejsarinnan, och kejsarens dotter, drottningen av Spanien; under natten gav biskopen av Trento mig en extraordinär gåva av matvaror, som jag lämnade till gästerna.

English translation (my own):

15. In the morning we left from Laives for Trento. The Bishop met the Queen in the middle of the journey, accompanied by a distinguished company of noblemen. Having entered Trento, she went straight to the cathedral, where, accompanied by a solemn procession of the clergy, she heard the sacred service at the altar of the Most Holy Crucifix, which was raised to the genustatorium by three steps; she went thence to the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, where the synod was held, and afterwards to Saint Peter's, where the body of Saint Simon is enshrined. Then there was luncheon at the Bishop's country house. I dined with the ambassador and the Bishop in the most noble manner.

At nightfall we arrived at Calliano, the Bishop accompanying the Queen for about three miles. When the Queen entered Calliano, the barons of Troppi, the lords of that place, witnessed the joy from the upper castle with a great noise of cannon. On this day I wrote at Laives to the Bishop of Bressanone, and at Trento to the Reverend Berkhoff, his suffragan, about the image of the god Mithras, which stands in the village of Maulz, drawing it in favour of the Queen.

The Queen was received in Trento in exactly the same way as the sister of the King of Spain, the Empress, and the Emperor's daughter, the Queen of Spain; during the night the Bishop of Trento presented me with an extraordinary gift of comestibles, which I left for the guests.

Above: Kristina.

Above: Simon of Trento.

Above: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the prince-bishop of Trento.

Above: Lucas Holstenius.

Notes: Simon of Trento, also known as Simon the Immaculate and Simonino (Little Simon), was a boy who went missing and was found dead in March 1475 at about the age of three. The local Jewish community was wrongly blamed for his death, part of the infamous blood libel conspiracy theory; and suspects were put on trial and executed, while the boy's actual abductor and murderer was never found or identified. Over the next decade the incident resulted in pogroms and eventual expulsion of the Jewish communities of the regions of Veneto, Lombardy and Tyrol; and Simon himself soon became venerated as a martyr and child saint, but he was never canonised by the Roman Catholic Church. Because of the circumstances of his beatification, Simon was removed from the Roman Martyrology in 1965 by the then Pope Paul VI, although his status remains equivalent to beatification.

The Bishop of Bressanone = Anton Crosini von Bonporto.

Lucas Holstenius's diary entry, dated November 4/14 (New Style), 1655

Source:

Revue des langues romanes: quatrième série, tome cinquième, page 540, published by the Society for the Study of the Romance Languages, 1891

https://books.google.com/books?id=DLNJAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=pierre+bourdelot+lettre+christine&source=gbs_navlinks_s

The diary entry:

14. Mane, sacro peracto, pransi sumus. Egna hora postprandium quarta pervenimus Lavisum, ubi cum regina item ab episcopo Tridentino invitata esset, deliberatum fuit quid agendum. Ego dixi Summio Pontifici mentem esse ut Regina ab episcopis locorum solemniter excipiatur, et sic scripsi episcopo de Regina excipienda per nuncium expressum.

French translation (my own):

14. Le matin, après la cérémonie sacrée, nous avons pris le petit déjeuner. A quatre heures de l'après-midi, nous arrivâmes à Laives, où, comme la reine avait aussi été invitée par l'évêque de Trente, il fut décidé quoi faire. J'ai dit que c'était l'intention du Souverain Pontife que la reine soit reçue solennellement par les évêques locaux, et j'ai donc écrit à l'évêque de recevoir la reine au moyen d'un courrier express.

Swedish translation (my own):

14. På morgonen, efter den heliga ceremonin, åt vi frukost. Klockan fyra på eftermiddagen anlände vi till Leifers, där det, eftersom drottningen också hade bjudits in av biskopen av Trento, bestämdes vad som skulle göras. Jag sade att det var den högste påvens avsikt att drottningen skulle tas emot högtidligt av de lokala biskoparna, och därför skrev jag till biskopen om att ta emot drottningen med hjälp av en expresskurir.

English translation (my own):

14. In the morning, after the sacred ceremony, we had breakfast. At four o'clock in the afternoon we arrived at Laives, where, as the Queen had also been invited by the Bishop of Trento, it was decided what to do. I said that it was the intention of the Supreme Pontiff that the Queen should be received solemnly by the local bishops, and so I wrote to the Bishop about receiving the Queen by means of an express courier.

Above: Kristina.

Above: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the prince-bishop of Trento.

Above: Lucas Holstenius.

Lucas Holstenius's diary entry, dated November 1/11 (New Style), 1655

Source:

Revue des langues romanes: quatrième série, tome cinquième, page 540, published by the Society for the Study of the Romance Languages, 1891

https://books.google.com/books?id=DLNJAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=pierre+bourdelot+lettre+christine&source=gbs_navlinks_s

The diary entry:

11 jovis. Regina Ser:ma matutina discessit; ego cathedralem et reliquias SS. Ingenuini et Aviti inspexi; urbem egressus, offendi redeuntem episcopum qui Reginam comitatus fuerat. is de curru descendens me salutavit, et ut negotia ejus summo Pontifici commendarem rogavit. Offendi reginam prandentem ad pagum Colmericum qua deinde vesperi perveni Bolsanum; ... Bolsanum per cursorem litteras camerales accepi ab em:mo legato Ferrariæ Ill:mo Bentivoglio nuncio, et a computista cameræ, de itinere Reginæ recte instituendo. Accepi litteras ab ill:mo episcopo Tridentino ut Regina Tridenti apud eum hospitaretur.

French translation (my own):

11, jeudi. La sérénissime reine est partie tôt le matin; j'ai inspecté la cathédrale et les reliques des saints Ingénie et Avitus; en sortant de la ville, je rencontrai l'évêque de retour qui avait accompagné la reine. Il descendit de voiture, me salua et me pria de recommander ses affaires au souverain pontife. Je trouvai la reine dînant au village de Colman, et le soir j'arrivai à Bolsane; J'ai ... reçu à Bolsane, par courrier, une lettre de chambre de l'éminentissime ambassadeur de Ferrare, l'illustre Bentivoglio, et du comptable de la chambre, concernant la bonne arrangement du voyage de la reine. J'ai reçu une lettre de l'illustrissime évêque de Trente pour que la reine soit entretenue par lui à Trente.

Swedish translation (my own):

11, torsdag. Den durchlauchtigste drottningen avgick tidigt på morgonen; jag inspekterade katedralen och relikerna av de heliga Ingenius och Avitus; när jag gick ut ur staden träffade jag den återvändande biskopen som hade följt med drottningen. Han steg ur vagnen, hälsade mig och bad mig rekommendera hans angelägenheter till den högste påven. Jag fann drottningen vid middagsbordet i byn Kollmann, och på kvällen nådde jag Bozen; jag ... fick i Bozen, av kurir, ett kammarbrev från Ferraras eminentaste ambassadör, den illustraste Bentivoglio, och från kammarens bokhållare, angående den rätta anordningen av drottningens resa. Jag fick ett brev från den illustraste biskopen av Trento att drottningen skulle underhållas av honom i Trento.

English translation (my own):

11, Thursday. The Most Serene Queen departed early in the morning; I inspected the cathedral and the relics of Saints Ingenius and Avitus; in going out of the city, I met the returning bishop who had accompanied the Queen. He alighted from the carriage, saluted me, and asked me to recommend his affairs to the supreme Pontiff. I found the Queen dining in the village of Colma, and in the evening I reached Bolzano; I ... received in Bolzano, by courier, a chamber letter from the Most Eminent ambassador of Ferrara, the illustrious Bentivoglio, and from the chamber's accountant, regarding the proper planning of the Queen's journey. I received a letter from the Most Illustrious Bishop of Trento that the Queen should be entertained by him in Trento.

Above: Kristina.

Above: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the prince-bishop of Trento.

Above: Lucas Holstenius.

Pope Alexander VII's letter to Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the Prince-Bishop of Trento, dated September 30/October 10 (New Style), 1655

Sources:

Historia della Sacra Real Maestà di Cristina Alessandra Regina di Svetia, pages 85 to 86, by Count Galeazzo Galdo Priorato, 1656

https://archive.org/details/historiadellasac00gual/page/n117/mode/2up

The history of the sacred and Royal Majesty of Christina Alessandra Queen of Swedland, &c., book 3, translated by John Burbury, 1658

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A85757.0001.001/1:9?rgn=div1;view=fulltext

The letter:

Venerabili fratri nostro Episcopo Tridentino. ALEXANDER PAPA VII. Venerabilis frater salutem, & Apostolicam benedictionem. Plurima sunt in dilecto filio Luca Holstenio familiari nostro Prothonotario Apostolico, Basilicæ Sancti Petri Canonico, nostræquè Vaticanæ Bibliothecæ custode, eximia virtus singularis eruditio, mores ornatissimi. His, cum a te vltro omnis humanitas, atquè officium esset tribuendum, accessit quod eum de summis, maximisquè negotijs acturum in Germaniam mittimus, quo nomine quidquid in Lucam præfatum contuleris, id a te huic Sanctæ Sedi, atquè Ecclesiæ vniuersæ, cuius ipse causam agit, impendetur. Tua modo interest sic in eo tractando te gerere, vt nequè pietas tua, nequè erga egregrium virum humanitas à nobis sit requirenda, ab eodem de nostra erga te charitate plura accipies, qui etiam tibi Apostolicam benedictionem nostro nomine impartietur. Datum Romæ die 10. mensis Octobris anno Domini 1655. Pontificatus Nostri Anno Primo. Natalis Rondininus.

With modernised spelling:

Venerabili fratri nostro episcopo Tridentino.

Alexander Papa VII.

Venerabilis frater salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Plurima sunt in dilecto filio Luca Holstenio familiari nostro prothonotario apostolico, Basilicæ Sancti Petri canonico, nostræque Vaticanæ Bibliothecæ custode, eximia virtus singularis eruditio, mores ornatissimi. His, cum a te ultro omnis humanitas, atque officium esset tribuendum, accessit quod eum de summis, maximisque negotiis acturum in Germaniam mittimus, quo nomine quidquid in Lucam præfatum contuleris, id a te huic Sanctæ Sedi, atque Ecclesiæ universæ, cujus ipse causam agit, impendetur. Tua modo interest sic in eo tractando te gerere, ut neque pietas tua, neque erga egregrium virum humanitas a nobis sit requirenda, ab eodem de nostra erga te charitate plura accipies, qui etiam tibi apostolicam benedictionem nostro nomine impartietur. Datum Romæ, die 10 mensis octobris anno domini 1655, pontificatus nostri anno primo.

Natalis Rondininus.

French translation (my own):

A Notre vénérable frère l'évêque de Trente.

Pape Alexandre VII.

Vénérable frère, Nos salutations et Notre bénédiction apostolique. Il y a beaucoup de choses chez Notre très cher fils Luc Holstenius, Notre protonotaire apostolique, chanoine de la Basilique Saint-Pierre et gardien de Notre Bibliothèque Vaticane: une vertu exceptionnelle, un savoir singulier et des manières des plus élégantes. A ceux-ci, comme toute humanité et tout devoir lui étaient dus de votre part, il est arrivé que Nous l'envoyions en Allemagne pour faire les affaires les plus hautes et les plus importantes, à cet égard, tout ce que vous ferez pour ledit Luc sera conféré à ce Saint-Siège, et à toute l'Église, dont il défend la cause. Il est important que vous vous conduisiez de telle manière auprès de lui que ni votre piété ni votre humanité envers un homme extraordinaire ne Nous soient demandées, mais vous recevrez de lui davantage de Notre charité envers vous, et il vous communiquera aussi à vous la bénédiction apostolique en Notre nom. Donné à Rome, le 10 octobre 1655, la première année de Notre pontificat.

Natalis Rondininus.

Swedish translation (my own):

Till Vår ärevördiga broder biskopen av Trento.

Påven Alexander VII.

Ärevördiga broder, Våra hälsningar och apostoliska välsignelser. Det finns många saker i Vår älskade son Lucas Holstenius, Vår apostoliska protonotär, kaniken i Peterskyrkan och vårdnadshavare för Vårt Vatikanbibliotek: exceptionell dygd, unik lärdom och mest eleganta sätt. Till dessa, eftersom all mänsklighet och plikt tillkom honom från Er, har det hänt att Vi sänder honom till Tyskland för att göra de högsta och viktigaste ärendena, i vilket avseende, vad Ni än vill göra för den nämnde Lucas tilldelas denna Heliga Stol och hela Kyrkan, vars sak han arbetar för. Det är viktigt att Ni uppför Er på ett sådant sätt i Er hantering av honom att varken Er fromhet eller Er mänsklighet gentemot en extraordinär man skall krävas av Oss, men Ni skall få av honom mer av Vår välgörenhet mot Er, och han skall också förmedla till Er den apostoliska välsignelsen i Vårt namn. Givet i Rom, den 10 oktober 1655, det första året av Vårt pontifikat.

Natalis Rondininus.

English translation (by Burbury):

To our Reverend Brother the Bishop of Trent, Alexander the VIIth. Pope.

Reverend Brother greeting and Apostolicall benediction.

There are so many rare things in our beloved Son Luke Holstenius, of our houshold, principall Apostolicall Notary, Canon of the Church of Saint Peter, and Keeper of our Vatican Library, to wet, excellent vertue, singular learning, and accomplisht behaviour; for which, though of your own accord, you will shew him all civility, and respect; yet this is to be added, that we send him into Germany, to negotiate high affairs, and of greatest concern, in which regard, whatsoever shall be done by you for him, by you will be conferr'd on this holy Sea, and on the whole Church, whose cause he now acts. 'Tis onely your part, to acquit your self so, in receiving him, that neither your piety, nor civility towards so excellent a man, be required of us. You shall know more by him of our affection to you, who will too in our name impart unto you our Apostolicall benediction.

Given at Rome the 10th of October, 1655. in the first year of our Papacy.

Natalis Rondininus.

With modernised spelling for easier reading:

To Our reverend brother the Bishop of Trent.

Alexander the VIIth, Pope.

Reverend brother, greeting and apostolical benediction.

There are so many rare things in Our beloved son Luke Holstenius, of Our household principal apostolical notary, canon of the Church of Saint Peter, and keeper of Our Vatican Library, to wit: excellent virtue, singular learning, and accomplished behaviour, for which, though of your own accord, you will shew him all civility, and respect; yet this is to be added, that We send him into Germany to negotiate high affairs and of greatest concern, in which regard whatsoever shall be done by you for him by you will be conferred on this Holy See, and on the whole Church, whose cause he now acts. 'Tis only your part to acquit yourself so in receiving him that neither your piety nor civility towards so excellent a man be required of Us. You shall know more by him of Our affection to you, who will too in Our name impart unto you Our apostolical benediction.

Given at Rome, the 10th of October 1655 in the first year of our papacy.

Natalis Rondininus.

English translation (my own):

To Our venerable brother the Bishop of Trento.

Pope Alexander VII.

Venerable brother, Our greetings and apostolic blessing. There are many things in Our beloved son Lucas Holstenius, Our apostolic prothonotary, canon of St. Peter's Basilica, and custodian of Our Vatican Library: exceptional virtue, singular learning, and most elegant manners. To these, as all humanity and duty were due to him from you, it has come to pass that We are sending him to Germany to do the highest and most important business, in which regard, whatever you will do for the aforesaid Lucas will be conferred to this Holy See, and to the whole Church, whose cause he is working for. It is important that you conduct yourself in such a way in dealing with him that neither your piety nor your humanity towards an extraordinary man should be required of Us, but you will receive from him more of Our charity towards you, and he will also impart to you the apostolic blessing in Our name. Given at Rome on October 10, 1655, in the first year of Our pontificate.

Natalis Rondininus.

Above: Kristina.

Above: Lucas Holstenius.

Above: Pope Alexander VII.

Above: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the Prince-Bishop of Trento.

Kristina's letter to Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the Prince-Bishop of Trento, dated November 7/17 (New Style), 1655

Sources:

Historia della Sacra Real Maestà di Cristina Alessandra Regina di Svetia, page 125, by Count Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato, 1656

https://archive.org/details/historiadellasac00gual/page/n157/mode/2up

Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, page 494, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751

https://books.google.com/books?id=KgtcAAAAcAAJ&dq=reine+christine+de+suède+ferrario+savant+d%27italie+1653+lettre&source=gbs_navlinks_s

The history of the sacred and Royal Majesty of Christina Alessandra Queen of Swedland, &c., book 4, translated by John Burbury, 1658

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A85757.0001.001/1:20?rgn=div1;view=fulltext

The letter:

Mon Cousin

Ie me sens si obligee de vos ciuilitez, e du bon accueil, que Vous me auez faict, que Ie n'ay pas voulu lasser retorner les gens de Monsieur l'Arciduc sans vous en faire ancor mes remerciemens, e sans' Vous asseurer, que Ie souhaisterois fort de trouer le moyens de pouuoir vous testimoigner, ma recognoissance, e vous donner de marques de la sincerite auec la quelle Ie suis.

Mon Cousin.

Vostre affectione Cousine, & Amie

Christine.

A Hal 17. Nouemb. 1655.

With modernised spelling:

Mon cousin,

Je me sens si obligée de vos civilités et du bon accueil que vous m'avez fait que je n'ai pas voulu laisser retourner les gens de Monsieur l'archiduc sans vous en faire encore mes remerciements, et sans vous assurer que je souhaiterais fort de trouver le moyens de pouvoir vous témoigner ma reconnaissance et vous donner de marques de la sincérité avec laquelle je suis,

mon cousin,

votre affectionnée cousine et amie

Christine.

A Halle, 17 novembre 1655.

Arckenholtz's transcript of the letter:

Mon Cousin,
Je me sens si obligée de vos civilités, & du bon accueil, que vous m'avez fait, que je n'ai pas voulu laisser retourner les gens de Monsieur l'Archiduc sans vous en faire encore mes remerciemens, & sans vous assurer, que je souhaiterois fort de trouver le moïen de pouvoir vous témoigner ma reconnoissance, & vous donner des marques de la sincérité, avec laquelle je suis
Mon Cousin
Votre affectionnée Cousine & Amie
CHRISTINE.
à Hal 17 Novembre 1655.

English translation (by Burbury):

Dear Cosen,

Your civilities and the noble entertainment you gave me, have obliged me in that manner, that I would not let the Arch-Dukes men return without again thanking you for them, and assuring you how much I desire the occasion to be able to acknowledge my gratitude to you, and give you some testimony of the sincerity, with which I am

Dear Cosen,

Your most affectionate Cosen

and Friend, Christina.

From Hall the 17th of

November 1655.

English translation (my own):

My cousin,
I feel so obliged by your civilities and the warm welcome you have given me that I have not wanted to let the Archduke's people return without once again giving you my thanks and without making sure that I would very much wish to find the means of being able to show you my gratitude and to give you marks of the sincerity with which I am,

my cousin,
your affectionate cousin and friend
Kristina.
Halla, November 17, 1655.

Above: Kristina.

Above: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, the Prince-Bishop of Trento.

Notes: In accordance with the nobility's ideals in the early modern era, kings and queens considered themselves siblings; when talking to someone of a lower rank than their own, they would refer to that person as "my cousin", regardless of whether or not they were related.

Halla is the old German name for the Italian town of Ala, which is on the border with Austria and was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the First World War.