Showing posts with label Assassination attempt on Kristina. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Assassination attempt on Kristina. Show all posts

Monday, November 10, 2025

Biographical article on Kristina in "The London Encyclopaedia", year 1829

Source:

The London Encyclopaedia, volume 5, pages 658 to 660, published by Thomas Tegg, 1829; original at the University of Minnesota



Above: Kristina.

The article:

CHRISTINA (Alexandra), daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, was born in 1626, and succeeded to the crown in 1633, when only seven years of age [sic]. This princess discovered even in her infancy, what she afterwards expressed in her memoirs, an invincible antipathy for the employments and conversation of women. She was fond of violent exercises, and such amusements as consist in feats of strength and activity. She had also both ability and taste for abstract speculations; and amused herself with language and the sciences, particularly that of legislature and government. She derived her knowledge of ancient history from its source; and Polybius and Thucydides were her favorite authors. As she was the sovereign of a powerful kingdom, many of the princes in Europe aspired to the honor of her alliance. Among her suitors were the prince of Denmark, the elector Palatine, the elector of Brandenburgh, the king of Spain, the king of the Romans, Don John of Austria, Sigismund of Rokocci [sic], count and general of Cassovia, Stanislaus king of Poland, John Casimir his brother, and Charles Gustavus, duke of Deux-Ponts, son of the great Gustavus's sister, and consequently her first cousin. To this nobleman, as well as to all his rivals, she rufused [sic] her hand; but she caused him to be appointed her successor by the states. Political interests, differences of religion, and contrariety of manners, furnished Christina with pretences for rejecting all her suitors; but her true motives were the love of independence, and a strong aversion she had conceived, even in her infancy, for the marriage yoke. 'Do not force me to marry', said she to the states, 'for if I should have a son, it is not more probable that he should be an Augustus than a Nero.' An accident happened in the beginning of her reign which gave her a remarkable opportunity of displaying the strength and equanimity of her mind. As she was at the chapel of the castle of Stockholm, with the principal lords of her court, a poor wretch, who was disordered in his mind, came to the place with a design to assassinate her. This man, who was in the full vigor of his age, chose, for the execution of his design, the moment in which the assembly was performing what in the Swedish church is called an act of recollection — a silent and separate act of devotion, performed by each individual kneeling, and hiding the face with the hand. Taking this opportunity he rushed through the crowd and mounted a balustrade, within which the queen was upon her knees. The baron Braki [sic], chief justice of Sweden, was alarmed, and the guards crossed their partisans to prevent his coming further; but he struck them furiously on one side, leaped over the barrier, and being then close to the queen made a blow at her with a knife, which he had concealed without a sheath in his sleeve. The queen avoided the blow, and pushed the captain of her guards, who instantly threw himself upon the assassin, and seized him by the hair. All this happened in a moment. The man was known to be mad, and therefore nobody supposed he had any accomplices: they therefore contented themselves with locking him up, and the queen returned to her devotion without the least trepidation. One of the great affairs which engaged Christina's attention while she was upon the throne was the peace of Westphalia: it was concluded in October, 1648. The success of the Swedish arms rendered Christina the arbitress of the treaty. No other public event of importance took place during the rest of Christina's reign; for there were neither wars abroad nor troubles at home [sic]. Her reign was that of learning and genius. She drew about her, wherever she was, all the distinguished characters of her time, — Grotius, Pascal, Bochart, Descartes, Gassendi, Saumaise, Naudé, Vossius, Heinsius, Menage, Lucas, Holstenius [sic], Bayle, madam Dacier, Filicaia, and many others. The arts never fail to immortalise the prince who protects them: and almost all these illustrious persons have celebrated Christina, either in poems, letters, or other literary productions, which form a general mass of testimonials, that may be considered as a solid basis of reputation. Christina, however, may be justly censured with want of taste in not properly distinguishing merit. The rapid fortune which the adventurer Michon, known by the name Bourdelot, acquired by her countenance and liberality, was also a great scandal to literature. He had no pretensions to learning, and, though sprightly, was yet indecent. He was brought to court by the learned Saumaise; and, for a time, drove literary merit out of it, making learning the object of his ridicule, and extracting from Christina an exorbitant tribute to the weakness and inconstancy of her sex. At last she was compelled by the public indignation to banish this unworthy minion[,] and she immediately forgot him. This Bourdelot, during his ascendancy over the queen, had supplanted count Magnus de la Gardie, son of the constable of Sweden, who was a relation, a favorite, and perhaps the lover of Christina. M. de Motteville, who had seen him ambassador in France, says, in her memoirs, that he spoke of his queen in terms so passionate and respectful, that every one concluded his attachment to her to be more ardent and tender than a mere sense of duty can produce. This nobleman fell into disgrace because he showed some inclination to govern [sic]; while M. Bourdelot seemed to aim at nothing more than to amuse, and concealed, under the unsuspected character of a droll, the real ascendancy which he exercised over the queen's mind. About this time an accident happened to Christina which again displayed her presence of mind. Having ordered some ships of war to be built at the port of Stockholm, she went to see them when finished; and as she was going on board, across a narrow plank, with admiral Fleeming [sic], his foot slipping, he fell, and drew the queen with him into the sea, which in that place was nearly ninety feet deep. Anthony Steinberg, the queen's first equerry, instantly threw himself into the water, laid hold of her robe, and, with such assistance as was given him, got the queen ashore; during the time of this accident her recollection was such that the moment her lips were above water she cried, 'Take care of the admiral.' When she was got out of the water she discovered no emotion, either by her gesture or countenance; and she dined the same day in public, where she gave a humorous account of her adventure. Though she was at first fond of the power and splendor of royalty, yet she began at length to feel that it embarrassed [burdened] her; and the same love of independence which had determined her against marriage, at length made her weary of her crown. At last she resolved to abdicate; and, in 1652 [sic], communicated her resolution to the senate. The senate zealously remonstrated against it, and were joined by the people, and even by Charles Gustavus himself, who was to succeed her: she yielded to their importunities, and continued to sacrifice her own pleasure to the will of the public till 1654, when she carried her design into execution. The ceremony of her abdication was a mournful solemnity, a mixture of pomp and sadness, in which scarcely any eyes but her own were dry. She continued firm and composed through the whole; and as soon as it was over prepared to remove into a country more favorable to science than Sweden was. Concerning the merit of this action the world has always been divided in opinion; it has been condemned alike both by the ignorant and the learned, the trifler and the sage. It was admired, however, by the great Condé: 'How great was the magnanimity of this princess', said he, 'who could so easily give up that for which the rest of mankind are continually destroying each other, and which so many throughout their whole lives pursue without attaining!' Christina, besides abdicating her crown, abjured her religion; an act universally approved by one party and censured by another; the Papists triumphed and the Protestants were offended. No prince, after a long imprisonment, ever showed so much joy upon being restored to his kingdom as Christina did in quitting hers. When she came to a little brook, which separates Sweden from Norway, then under the dominion of Denmark, she got out of her carriage, and leaping to the other side, cried out in a transport of joy, 'At last I am free, and out of Sweden, whither, I hope, I shall never return.' She dismissed her women, and laid aside the habit of her sex. 'I would become a man', said she, 'yet I do not love men because they are men, but because they are not women.' She made her abjuration at Brussels, where she saw the great Condé, who, after his defection, made that city his asylum. 'Cousin', said she, 'who would have thought, ten years ago, that we should have met at this distance from our countries?' The inconstancy of Christina's temper appeared in her continually travelling from place to place: from Brussels she went to Rome, from Rome to France, and from France she returned to Rome again; after this she went to Sweden, where she was not very well received; from Sweden she went to Hamburgh, where she continued a year, and then went again to Rome; from Rome she returned to Hamburgh, and again to Sweden, where she was still worse received than before; upon which she went back to Hamburgh, and from Hamburgh again to Rome. She intended another journey to Sweden, but it did not take place; she also planned an expedition to England, where Cromwell did not seem well disposed to receive her; and after many wanderings, and many purposes of wandering still more, she at last died at Rome, in 1689. Her journeys to Sweden, however, had motives of necessity, for her appointments were very ill paid, though the states often confirmed them after her abdication: but to other places she was fed merely by a roving disposition, and there was no event in Europe in which she was not ambitious of acting a principal part. During the troubles in France, by the faction called the Fronde, she wrote with great eagerness to all the interested parties, officiously offering her mediation to reconcile their interests and calm their passions, the secret springs of which it was altogether impossible she should know. This was first thought a dangerous, and afterwards a ridiculous behaviour. During her residence in France she gave universal disgust, not only by violating all the customs of the country, but by practising others directly opposite. She treated the ladies of the court with the greatest rudeness: when they came to embrace her, she, being in man's habit, cried out, 'What a strange eagerness have these women to kiss me! Is it because I look like a man?' The murder of Monaldeschi is, to this hour, an inscrutable mystery. It is, however, of a piece with the expressions constantly used by Christina in her letters, with respect to those with whom she was offended; for she scarcely ever signified her displeasure without threatening the life of the offender. 'If you fail in your duty', said she to her secretary, whom she sent to Stockholm after her abdication, 'not all the power of the king of Sweden shall save your life, though you should take shelter in his arms.' Bayle was also threatened for having said that the letter which Christina wrote, upon the revocation of the edict of Nantes, was 'a remain of Protestan[t]ism;' but he made his peace by apologies and submission. She had wit, taste, parts, and learning: she was indefatigable upon the throne; great in private life; firm in misfortunes; impatient of contradiction, and, except in her love of learning, inconstant in her inclinations. The most remarkable instance of this fickleness is, that after she had abdicated the crown of Sweden she intrigued for that of Poland. She was, in every action and pursuit, violent and ardent in the highest degree; impetuous in her desires, dreadful in her resentment, and fickle in her conduct. She says of herself that 'she was mistrustful, ambitious, passionate, haughty, impatient, contemptuous, satyrical, incredulous, undevout, of an ardent and violent temper, and extremely amourous;' a disposition, however, to which, if she may be believed, her pride and her virtue were always superior. In general her failings were those of her own, and her virtues those of the other sex.

Note: The story of Kristina at the border brook or creek is a myth, as is the creek itself, made up by Jacques Picques to denigrate her.

Tuesday, November 4, 2025

Biography of Christoffer Presbeckius in "Folkskrifter Sv. Hist., N:o 16: Prest-Historier", year 1854

Source:

Folkskrifter Sv. Hist., N:o 16: Prest-Historier, pages 21 to 22, printed by Per Gustaf Berg, 1854; original at Uppsala University Library (Uppsala universitetsbibliotek)


The account:

Presbeckius, lärare vid gymnasium i Stockholm 1643, var en man af ombytligt och oroligt lynne, med tydliga anlag för galenskap. Än var han stilla och from, men orolig, och önskade tröst af presterskapet; än yttrade han förakt för detsamma, öfverlemnade sig åt dryckenskap, dans och svordom, samt var så våldsam, att hustru och barn måste fly ur huset. En dag, om sommaren 1647, när drottning Christina bevistade gudstjensten i slottskyrkan, der Emporagrius slutat predikan och alla åhörarne nedlutade sig i bön, gick P. med värja vid sidan fram i koret, öfverhoppade bröstvärnet och nalkades drottningen. Pehr Brahe, som märkte det, ropade åt vakten, hvilken satte hillebarderna emot honom; men han bröt sönder den ena och hoppade öfver den andra. Christina blef nu sjelf uppmärksam och stötte till den i bön knäböjande gardeskaptenen, hvilken sprang upp och fattade P. i håret. Denne hade hos sig tvenne knifvar utan slidor. Tillspord om sin afsigt, sade han än, att denna varit ganska oskyldig, än att han ärnat begå något brott, som skulle ådraga honom döden, än att han velat åt Emporagrius, hvars predikan misshagat honom, än att han ansåg drottningen icke ega full majestätsrätt, men att om konung funnes, skulle han nog få befordran, sade sig vara i djefvulens klor och bad om en snar död, o. s. v. Emedan hans vansinne ej kunde betviflas, insattes han på Westerås slott, der han lefde i flera år.

English translation (my own):

Presbeckius, a teacher at a gymnasium in Stockholm in 1643, was a man of a fickle and restless disposition, with a clear tendency to madness. At times he was quiet and pious, but restless, and desired consolation from the clergy; at other times he expressed contempt for the clergy, gave himself up to drunkenness, dancing and swearing, and was so violent that his wife and children had to flee the house.

One day, in the summer of 1647, when Queen Kristina was attending the service in the castle chapel, where Emporagrius had finished his sermon and all the audience were kneeling in prayer, P., sword at his side, walked forward in the chancel, jumped over the parapet and approached the Queen. Per Brahe, who noticed this, shouted to the guards, who put their halberds against him; but he broke one and jumped over the other. Kristina now became aware of it herself and bumped into the captain of the guard, who was kneeling in prayer, who jumped up and grabbed P. by the hair. The man had with him two knives without sheaths.

When asked about his intention, he also said that it had been quite innocent; that he had wanted to commit some crime that would incur his death; that he had wished it for Emporagrius, whose sermon had displeased him; that he considered the Queen not to have full right of majesty, but that if there were a king, he might receive a promotion; he said that he was in the Devil's clutches and prayed for a speedy death, etc. Since his madness could not be doubted, he was imprisoned at Västerås Castle, where he lived for several years.

Monday, October 20, 2025

Francis William Bain on Kristina surviving the 1647 assassination attempt and the 1652 near-drowning incident, and on her calm, fearless, joking or trivialising reactions and strong presence of mind during them

Source:

Christina, Queen of Sweden, pages 209 to 210, by Francis William Bain, 1890; original at the University of Connecticut Library


The account:

On more than one occasion Christina's life was in danger, and in every case she displayed the same cool courage and presence of mind. In 1647, in the Castle Church, a lunatic seized the moment when the congregation was kneeling after the sermon was over, to rush into the elevated gallery, where she was, and got within two steps of her; quite unmoved, she rose, and pushed her Captain of the Guards, who seized him by the hair. It was doubtful what the man's intentions were; two knives were found on him; however that may be, the incident showed the steadiness of the Queen's nerves. In June, 1652, she went at four in the morning to inspect the fleet which was being fitted up at Stockholm. While Admiral Herman Fleming was showing her a new ship, they were standing together on a plank; it suddenly tilted up, and the Admiral fell into the sea, in very deep water, dragging the Queen after him; fortunately her Equerry, Steinberg, being close by, jumped in just in time to seize her by the skirt of her dress, only just visible, as the Admiral, who had sunk, was clutching hold of her petticoats. Several people hurried up, and succeeded in getting her on board. Though she had fallen in head first and swallowed a lot of water, she was no sooner pulled out than she bade them save the Admiral, who was still grasping her clothes. So far from blaming him for this, she praised him, as he would certainly have drowned if he had not. She was moreover, she said, used to drinking cold water, only not salt and dirty; but the Admiral, she maliciously added, must have found the change from beer and wine unpleasant. She made no fuss about it, and dined in public as if nothing had happened.


Above: Kristina.

Notes: The man who tried to assassinate Kristina was Christoffer Presbeckius.

The incident where Kristina and Herman Fleming almost drowned happened in May 1652, not June.

salt = salty.

Sunday, August 31, 2025

Anonymous biography of Kristina in "Eccentric Biography; or, Memoirs of Remarkable Female Characters, Ancient and Modern", year 1803, part 3

Source:

Eccentric Biography; or, Memoirs of Remarkable Female Characters, Ancient and Modern, pages 89 to 90, by anonymous author, 1803; original at The British Library


The biography:

... An accident happened in the beginning of her reign [sic], which gave her a remarkable opportunity of displaying the strength and equanimity of her mind. As she was at the chapel of the castle of Stockholm, assisting at divine service with the principal lords of her court, a poor wretch who was disordered in his mind, came to the place with a design to assassinate her. This man, who was preceptor of the college, and in the full vigour of his age, chose for the execution of his design, the moment in which the assembly was performing what in the Swedish church is called 'an act of recollection', a silent and separate act of devotion performed by each individual kneeling, and hiding the face with the hand. Taking this opportunity, he rushed through the crowd, and mounted a balustrade, within which the queen was upon her knees. The baron Brahi [sic], chief justice of Sweden, was alarmed and cried out; and the guards crossed their partisans, to prevent his coming further; but he struck them furiously on one side, leaped over the barrier, and, being then close to the queen, made a blow at her with a knife that he had concealed, without a sheath, in his sleeve. The queen avoided the blow, and pushed the captain of her guards, who instantly threw himself upon the assassin and seized him by the hair. All this happened in less than a moment of time. The man was known to be mad, and therefore nobody supposed he had any accomplices; they therefore contented themselves with locking him up, and the queen returned to her devotion, without the least emotion that could be perceived by the people, who were much more frighted than herself. ...


Above: Kristina.


Above: Per Brahe.

Notes: The man who tried to assassinate Kristina was Christoffer Presbeckius.

frighted = frightened.

Sunday, June 29, 2025

Biography of Kristina, by Edgar Sanderson et al., year 1900, part 1

Source:

Six Thousand Years of History, volume 5 (Famous Women), pages 227 to 230, by Edgar Sanderson et al., 1900; original at Pennsylvania State University


The biography:

CHRISTINA
A. D. 1626-1689.
WHO RESIGNED A CROWN
When the great and self-sacrificing Gustavus Adolphus fell mortally wounded on the field of Lutzen, where he led on a knightly war of defense against the Catholics, he left as heir to the throne of Sweden, Christina, a Princess only seven years old [sic]. This child was destined to arouse the interest and evoke the astonishment of the world. The stricken nation committed the regency to the chiefs of the five colleges, and Oxenstiern, the chancellor of Gustavus Adolphus, remained at the head of affairs. When Christina was 23 years old peace had been established on a basis that was glorious for Sweden, and Christina had proved herself a diligent scholar, who promised to be a worthy daughter of the noble and valorous King who had died for a principle. Yet she had already exhibited many evidences of eccentricity. She early took to violent exercise, and discovered an invincible repugnance to both the employments and the conversation of women. She invited Descartes, Vossius, Grotius and other famous scholars to her court, and liberally rewarded them out of a treasury that had been sorely taxed by the wars. The jealous Swedes declared that she even made peace, so that she could give more hours to study. "I think I see the devil", she said, "when my secretary enters with his dispatches." Meanwhile she read the lives of Elizabeth and Isabella, and concluded that Elizabeth did wisely to keep free from a Ferdinand of her own. Like Elizabeth, Christina loved to study the ancient authors, and Polybius and Thucydides were her favorite authors. As she was an only daughter and child, the statesmen of Sweden, of course, were kept in anxiety regarding her successor, as their own estates might be swallowed up in a civil war should she die without an heir. All the eligible Princes of Europe offered their hands — the Prince of Denmark, the Elector Palatine, the Elector of Brandenburg, the King of Spain, the King of the Romans, Don John of Austria, Sigismund of Cassovia, the King of Poland, and John Casimir his brother, and, above all, her first cousin, son of her aunt, her father's sister, Charles Gustavus, generalissimo of the armies, who was her devoted flatterer and lover. While he had been absent in Germany he had obtained permission to correspond with the young Queen, and lost no opportunity to advance his own interests; indeed, those interests served to conspire with the needs of the state. Arckenholtz, the principal biographer of the Queen, says that the ardent lover declared, in one of his letters, that, if her Majesty persisted in her refusal to marry him, he on his side would decline the honour she proposed for him of reigning after her, and would banish himself forever from Sweden.

In February, 1650 [sic], Christina called her Senate together, announced her unwillingness to marry, and nominated Charles Gustavus to be her successor on the throne. To this the statesmen finally assented, and preparations for the coronation began. Custom demanded that the ceremony should take place at Upsal, but the desire for a magnificent spectacle carried it to Stockholm, whereat the superstitious foresaw evil. Moreover, Christina had constantly complained of the duties of office. She desired reflection and retirement, philosophical tranquillity, and affected an aversion for pomp, power, grandeur, and all the dress and splendor of a court. She had a wide correspondence with scholars. She purchased Titian's paintings at a great price, yet cut the canvases to make them fit the panels of her walls. "She aspired", says Arckenholtz, "to become the sovereign of the learned; to dictate in the lyceum as she had done in the Senate." "Do not force me to marry", she would say to her ministers, "for, if I should have a son, it is not more probable that he should be an Augustus than a Nero."

While she was at the chapel of the Castle of Stockholm, assisting at divine service with the principal lords, an insane assassin made an attack on her life. He chose the moment in which the assembly was engaged in what in the Swedish Church was called an "act of recollection", a silent act of devotion, performed by each individual, who knelt and covered the face with the hand. Taking this opportunity, when no one would be looking, he rushed through the crowd and mounted a balustrade within which the Queen was on her knees. The Baron Braki [sic] (or Brahé) was alarmed, and cried out; the guards interposed with their pikes, but the assassin got past them, and aimed a blow at the Queen with a knife. The Queen avoided the blow, and pushed the captain of her guards, who threw himself on the assassin, and seized him by the hair. The man was known to be mad, and was locked up. The Queen proceeded with the service, without emotion.

At another time, some ships-of-war were finishing at Stockholm, and she went to inspect them. As Admiral Fleming was going on board, across a narrow plank, holding the Queen by the hand, his foot slipped and he fell in the sea, carrying her with him. Steinberg, the Queen's first equerry, threw himself in the water, laid hold of her robe, and, with assistance, pulled her ashore. The moment her lips were above water, she cried: "Take care of the Admiral!" She was not violently agitated, and dined the same day in public, where she gave a humorous account of her adventure.

Christina's court soon became a veritable academy. There came Saumaise, Paschal, Bochart, Gassendi, Naude, Heinsius, Meibon [sic], Scuderi, Menage, Lucas, Holstenius, Lambecius, Bayle (of Bayle's Dictionary or Encyclopedia), Madam Dacier, and many others. These people of genius all celebrate her in the works which they have left to the world, once more proving that it is profitable for a Prince to patronize the arts. Yet it may be clearly seen that she had enough literary material on hand for a big row, and it came when Saumaise (Salmasius) introduced the adventurer Michon, who called himself Bourdelot. He attempted the rôle of Aristophanes, and made sport of the scholars, thus amusing the Queen. The Count Magnus de la Gardie, son of the Constable of Sweden, was the favorite and lover of Christina, but he aroused her jealousy because he revealed a tendency to govern. Bourdelot, to the great scandal of the Swedes, supplanted Magnus, and gained such an ascendancy over the Queen that public indignation compelled her to banish him. Soon after, she spoke of him with hatred and contempt. But the incident was painful, and awoke some resentment in her mind against the Swedes, who, all along, had detested her associates and regarded them with the aversion usually bestowed on foreigners.



Above: Kristina.

Note: The man who tried to assassinate Kristina was Christoffer Presbeckius.

Thursday, May 15, 2025

Jacques Lacombe on the assassination attempt on Kristina, on July 17/27, 1647

Source:

Histoire de Christine, reine de Suede, pages 88 to 90, by Jacques Lacombe, 1762


The account:

Christine étant avec les principaux Seigneurs de sa Cour, dans la Chapelle du Château de Stockolm, pour assister à l'Office divin & à la prédication, un furieux vint à elle dans le dessein de l'assassiner. Cet homme, précepteur de college, & dans la force de l'âge, choisit le moment que l'assemblée étoit dans le recueillement: il s'élance au travers de la foule, & se jette dans une balustrade un peu élevée, où la Reine étoit à genoux. Le Comte Brahé, Drotset ou grand Juge de Suede, pousse un cri d'effroi; les gardes croisent leurs pertuisannes, pour arrêter ce forcené; mais il les heurte avec roideur, saute par-dessus la barriere qui lui est opposée, & dans un instant il se trouve auprès de la Reine, & va pour la frapper d'un couteau sans gaîne, qu'il tenoit caché dans sa manche. La Reine évite le coup, & pousse son Capitaine des Gardes, qui se précipite aussi-tôt sur l'assassin, & le saisit par les cheveux. Tout cela est l'ouvrage d'un moment. On reconnut que ce malheureux étoit un frénétique, & qu'il n'avoit point de complices. On se contenta de l'enfermer. Christine se mit en prieres. Le pressant danger qu'elle venoit d'encourir ne lui causa qu'une émotion qui fut insensible aux yeux des spectateurs beaucoup plus effrayés qu'elle-même.

Swedish translation (my own; I cannot find any digitisation of the 1765 Swedish translation by Erik Ekholm):

När Kristina var med sina förnämsta hovherrar i Stockholms slotts kapell för att närvara vid gudstjänsten och predikan, kom en rasande man till henne i avsikt att mörda henne. Denne man, en lärare vid kollegiet, och i livets bästa tid, valde det ögonblick då församlingen var i meditation. Han rusade genom folkmassan och kastade sig på en lätt upphöjd balustrad där drottningen låg på knä.

Greve Brahe, Sveriges riksdrots, lät ett skräckskrik. Vakterna korsade sina hellebarder för att arrestera denne galning, men han stötte sig styvt mot dem, hoppade över barriären mitt emot honom, och på ett ögonblick befann han sig nära drottningen och var på väg att slå henne med en kniv utan slid, som han höll gömd i ärmen. Drottningen undvek slaget och knuffade sin vaktkapten, som omedelbart rusade mot lönnmördaren och grep honom i håret. Allt detta var ett ögonblicks verk.

Man insåg att denne olycklige man var en galning och att han inte hade några medbrottslingar. De nöjde sig med att låsa in honom. Kristina började be. Den påträngande fara hon just hade ådragit sig orsakade henne bara en känsla som var omärklig för åskådarnas ögon, som var mycket mer rädda än hon själv.

English translation (my own):

Kristina being with the principal lords of her court in the chapel of Stockholm Castle to attend the divine office and the preaching, a furious man came to her with the intention of assassinating her. This man, a preceptor of the college, and in the prime of life, chose the moment when the assembly was in meditation. He rushed through the crowd and threw himself onto a slightly raised balustrade where the Queen was kneeling.

Count Brahe, the Grand Steward or Grand Judge of Sweden, let out a cry of terror. The guards crossed their halberds, to arrest this madman, but he clashed with them stiffly, jumped over the barrier opposite him, and in an instant he found himself near the Queen and was about to strike her with an unsheathed knife, which he kept hidden in his sleeve. The Queen avoided the blow and pushed her captain of the guards, who immediately rushed at the assassin and seized him by the hair. All this was the work of one moment.

It was recognised that this unfortunate man was a madman and that he had no accomplices. They were content to lock him up. Kristina began to pray. The pressing danger she had just incurred caused her only an emotion that was imperceptible to the eyes of the spectators, who were much more frightened than she herself was.


Above: Kristina.

Note: Kristina's would-be assassin was Christoffer Presbeckius.

Sunday, April 13, 2025

Pierre Hector Chanut on King Louis XIV of France and his mother the Queen Regent Anne of Austria learning of the July 17/27 assassination attempt on Kristina and sending her their sympathies, as well as on the mental state and intentions of the would-be assassin (Christoffer Presbeckius), September 1647

Sources:

Mémoires de ce qui s'est passé en Suède, volume 1, pages 176 to 177, by Pierre Hector Chanut, published by Pierre Linage de Vauciennes, 1675 (1677 edition, printed by Pierre Marteau)


Anteckningar om det som tilldragit sig i Sverige ifrån år 1645 till år 1649, page 184, translator unknown, published by Ecksteinska Boktryckeriet, 1826



Above: Kristina.


Above: Anne of Austria, Queen Regent of France.


Above: King Louis XIV of France.

The account:

... La nouvelle de l'accident, que la Reine de Suede évita lorsque ce malheureux dont nous avons parlé la voulust assassiner, ayant esté portée en France; leurs Majestez Tres-Chrestiennes en eurent beaucoup d'effroy, & de joye tout ensemble, & ordonnerent au sieur Chanut de le témoigner à cette Princesse, qui en receut le compliment avec plaisir; parce qu'on n'est pas fâché d'entendre dire, qu'on est aimé, & estimé des premieres personnes du monde. On fit ensuite toutes sortes de diligences contre ce miserable; mais on ne découvrit autre chose, sinon qu'il estoit veritablement fou; & jamais, quoy qu'il fust sans raison, on ne luy put faire avouër qu'il avoit dessein sur la personne de la Reine, mais seulement sur celle du Prêtre. Cét attentat ne parroissant nullement concerté, en retint cét homme en prison de crainte que la fureur ne le reprist.

With modernised spelling:

... La nouvelle de l'accident que la reine de Suède évita lorsque ce malheureux dont nous avons parlé la voulut assassiner, ayant été portée en France, Leurs Majestés Très Chrétiennes en eurent beaucoup d'effroi et de joie tout ensemble et ordonnèrent au sieur Chanut de le témoigner à cette princesse, qui en reçut le compliment avec plaisir, parce qu'on n'est pas fâché d'entendre dire qu'on est aimé et estimé des premières personnes du monde.

On fit ensuite toutes sortes de diligences contre ce misérable, mais on ne découvrit autre chose sinon qu'il était véritablement fou; et jamais, quoiqu'il fût sans raison, on ne lui put faire avouer qu'il avait dessein sur la personne de la reine, mais seulement sur celle du prêtre. Cet attentat, ne paraissant nullement concerté, en retint cet homme en prison, de crainte que la fureur ne le reprît.

Swedish translation (by anonymous translator):

... Underrättelsen om det tillärnade mordet på Drottningen af Sverige hade kommit till Frankrike; Deras Allra Christeligaste Majestäter erforo deraf både fasa och förnöjelse, och befalte Herr Chanut betyga det för denna Prinsessa, som tog emot Deras lyckönskan med nöje, ty man är ej ledsen att höra sägas att man är älskad och värderad af de första personer i verlden; ett slags undersökning företogs sluteligen mot den olyckliga, men man upptäckte intet annat än att han verkeligen var galen och aldrig, ehuru han var utan förstånd, kunde man få honom att bekänna sin afsigt emot Drottningens person; han påstod att den endast var emot Prestens. Då denna förgripelse ej syntes öfverlagd, hölls mannen i fängelse, af fruktan att hans raseri skulle återkomma.

English translation (my own):

... The news of the accident that the Queen of Sweden avoided when the unfortunate man we have spoken of tried to assassinate her, having been brought to France, Their Most Christian Majesties were both greatly frightened and delighted and ordered Monsieur Chanut to convey it to this princess, who received the compliment with pleasure, because one is not displeased to hear that one is loved and esteemed by the highest people in the world.

All sorts of diligence was then carried out against this wretch, but nothing was discovered except that he was truly mad; and never, although he was without reason, could they make him confess that he had intended to attack the Queen's person, but only that of the priest. This attack, which did not appear to be planned in any way, kept this man in prison, for fear that the fury would take him again.

Kristina in Pierre Hector Chanut's memoirs, September 1647

Sources:

Mémoires de ce qui s'est passé en Suède, volume 1, pages 171 to 178, by Pierre Hector Chanut, published by Pierre Linage de Vauciennes, 1675 (1677 edition, printed by Pierre Marteau)


Anteckningar om det som tilldragit sig i Sverige ifrån år 1645 till år 1649, pages 178 to 185, translator unknown, published by Ecksteinska Boktryckeriet, 1826



Above: Kristina.

The account:

Cette Princesse alla en suite à Upsale pour se divertir. Toute son occupation estoit d'aller à la chasse, ou d'assister à tous les Exercices des Professeurs de cette Université; pendant le sejour qu'elle y fit il luy arriva deux nouvelles qui la réjoüirent extrémement, l'une fut la retraite des Imperiaux devant Egra, & l'autre l'arrivée des Vaisseaux Suedois à la radde de Dieppe, & de ce qu'ils y estoient tout à propos pour paroistre aux yeux de leurs Majestez. D'un autre costé, elle receut du déplaisir d'apprendre que les mutins de l'Armée du Mareschal de Turenne s'estoient retirez vers le General Konismark, elle trouvoit cette affaire tres-importante, & d'un dangereux exemple, s'est pourquoy apres avoir examiné les consequences de la resolution qu'on y prendroit, elle témoigna qu'elle inclinoit plus à chercher les voyes de châtier cette infidelité, qu'à tout autre ajustement. Quelques jours apres le sieur Chanut receut des lettres de la Cour, qui luy enjoignoient d'asseurer la Reine de Suede du payement entier du subside, & les luy ayant communiquées elle témoigna beaucoup de plaisir des asseurances qu'il luy en donnoit de la part de leurs Majestez; Mais comme ses Ambassadeurs luy avoient écrit, que l'on reprenoit le Traité d'Espagne à Munster, elle tesmoigna d'apprehender, qu'il ne se conclust promptement, & ne put s'empescher de dire que si la France avoit la Paix de ce costé-là, les affaires d'Allemagne en souffriroient, parce que les Espagnols assisteroient l'Empereur avec plus de chaleur, que la France n'en auroit à passer le Rhein, d'où il arriveroit que sans beaucoup considerer les avantages de la Suede, on la contraindroit de faire la Paix, qu'elle luy avoit osté la moitié de la Pomeranie par son impatience, & par le desir qu'elle avoit témoigné de la vouloir, & qu'ainsi elle souhaiteroit qu'elle ne fist pas d'opposition à l'avenir, à ce qu'elle demanderoit pour sa satisfaction; Mais le sieur Chanut l'asseura que les Plenipotentiaires de France ne traiteroient d'aucune chose, mesme en ce Traité d'Espagne, que les siens n'en eussent incontinent la communication.

Mais comme la France vouloit préssentir de qu'elle sorte les Suedois pretendroient s'accommoder en cas qu'il se fallut resoudre à la Guerre, quelle part elle auroit dans ses Conquestes, & comment on diviseroit les quartiers; le sieur Chanut engagea adroitement la Reine à parler des dispositions qui seroient à faire, entre la France, & la Suede si les Ennemis refusoient la Paix: Sa Majesté luy respondit de maniere qu'il y avoit à esperer que si les deux Couronnes se vouloient attacher avec fermeté à la destruction entiere de la Maison d'Austriche en Allemagne, elles pourroient non seulement partager ses Estats, mais donner une nouvelle forme à l'Empire, & luy faire entierement changer de face: car la foiblesse ou estoient alors tous les Princes, & tous les Estats, les partages qu'elle proposoit estoient assez égaux, mais ils n'estoient pas si faciles, ny peut-estre si justes en l'acquisition, il jugea par ce discours, que si les affaires de la France estoient disposées à la continuation de la Guerre, il ne seroit pas mal-aisé d'y porter les Suedois.

Sur l'avis que l'on avoit eu que les Troupes Allemandes mutinées en l'Armée du Mareschal de Turenne s'estoient retirées auprés du General Konismark, la Reine de Suede luy ordonna de l'y recevoir, en telle sorte neantmoins qu'il leur ostast le dessein, & le pouvoir de se donner aux Ennemis, qu'il ne les meslast point parmy ses Troupes, mais qu'il les tint toûjours comme attachées au serment de France, pour en disposer comme leurs Majestez desireroient, & parce qu'elle apprit que ces mutins persistoient dans leur revolte, avec une opiniastreté invincible, & que leur aversion pour le service de France estoit si grande qu'ils avoient resolu de tuër les premiers d'entr'eux qui leur en parleroient; Elle manda à Konismark qu'apres avoir tenté toutes sortes de moyens pour les faire rentrer dans leur devoirs s'il n'en pouvoit venir à bout, il ne perdist point d'occasion de les affoiblir, & se conduisist en cela avec beaucoup d'adresse. Cette revolte fit peur à la Suede par la consequence d'un si mauvais exemple. La Reine mesme apprehenda que la chose n'allast plus loin, & que Konismark fortifié de ces Troupes ne se souvint qu'il estoit Allemand, & ne se laissast gagner à ce nom de liberté Germanique; Car les Allemans n'estiment que leur Nation, & ils hayssoient alors également les François, & les Suedois.

Mais l'Electeur de Brandebourg ayant envoyé un des Secretaires en Dannemark, cela fit soupçonner sa conduite par la Reine de Suede, & l'on sceust qu'il avoit dessein de s'abboucher avec le Roy de Pologne, & qu'à cet effet il devoit passer en la Prusse, toutefois il estoit vray que ce Prince de soy estoit peu à craindre, qu'il se laissoit gouverner par un homme qui avoit de tres-mauvaises qualitez, qu'il n'avoit point d'argent, & devoit beaucoup, & que ses sujets estoient fort mescontents de luy, & peu disposez à seconder ses desseins.

Au mesme-temps les deffiances, que la Suede avoit du Duc de Bavieres s'augmenterent, & la Reine ne pût s'empécher d'en témoigner quelque chose au sieur Chanut, qui fut bien aise qu'elle luy eust donné cette ouverture; car il avoit receu ordre des Plenipotentiaires de France de luy demander si elle ne jugeoit pas à propos pour remedier aux craintes, que l'on pouvoit avoir de ce Prince, de l'engager à quelque chose de plus qu'à une simple neutralité, & que par la raison du voisinage des Estats, il s'attachast à la France par quelque confederation, «Avez-vous ordre», luy dit-elle, «de me faire cette proposition», «Non, Madame», luy respondit-il, «mais je croy que les Ministres de Vostre Majesté ne se tiennent pas si asseurez que les François, de la bonne foy de cet Electeur», il luy fit cette responce, parce qu'il croyoit que les Plenipotentiaires de France estoient disposez à guerir le soupçon de la Suede par cette voye, si elle le desiroit, mais la Reine ne voulant pas s'engager plus avant là-dessus, luy dit pour toute responce qu'elle y penseroit, & qu'ils en parleroient une autrefois plus clairement, adjoustant que tous les Traitez avec le Duc de Bavieres, luy sembloient perilleux, parce que ce Prince estoit en possession de tromper; qu'il estoit Catholique, & qu'il pourroit arriver que cette consideration de Religion l'attachant à la France, on infereroit que le party Catholique meditât quelque liaison pour s'unir contre les Princes Protestans, & se voulust appuyer des forces de la France, que ce dessein d'union entre les Catholiques estoit déja tout formé en Allemagne, & que le Duc de Bavieres sollicitoit les Princes Catholiques d'entrer en cette Ligue; qu'ainsi n'estant pas bien informée de ce qui estoit entre la France, & la Bavieres, elle ne pouvoit declarer ce qu'elle desiroit en cela. Le sieur Chanut ne la voulut point presser davantage là dessus, afin que si de hazard la France concluoit quelque chose avec le Duc de Bavieres, dont on ne put pas donner avis à cette Princesse avant la conclusion, il luy pût dire qu'elle ne luy avoit point témoigné, qu'elle ne le desiroit pas, ni mesme qu'elle le trouvast mauvais.

Il se plaignit ensuite à la Reine du trop rude traitement que l'on avoit fait à l'Electeur de Cologne, qui estoit compris dans le Traité d'Ulm, & que plusieurs Estats ne pouvoient croire, que la Landgrave [sic] de Hesse eût differé sa ratification, sans le sceu des Ministres de Suede; la Reine luy protesta qu'elle n'avoit aucune intelligence pour cela avec les Hessiens, que ce procedé de la Landgrave [sic] luy déplaisoit extrémement, & que s'il s'estoit fait quelque chose mal à propos contre l'Electeur de Cologne, elle donneroit ordre aux siens de le reparer en cas qu'il rentrast dans la neutralité.

Le bruit de la Paix de France avec l'Espagne continuant toûjours, la Suede apprehendoit qu'elle ne se conclust avant celle de l'Empire, & ne se deffendoit de cette crainte, que par l'esperance qu'elle ne se feroit point. Il estoit étonnant que les Suedois fussent en peine de la Paix d'Espagne, eux, qui autresfois, quand on leur avoit dit que la France estoit sur le point de la conclure, & qu'en effet elle en seroit venuë à bout, si les Hollandois eussent tenu ferme, ne s'en estoient point émeus, & n'en avoient pas avancé d'un pas vers la Paix d'Allemagne.

La nouvelle de l'accident, que la Reine de Suede évita lorsque ce malheureux dont nous avons parlé la voulust assassiner, ayant esté portée en France; leurs Majestez Tres-Chrestiennes en eurent beaucoup d'effroy, & de joye tout ensemble, & ordonnerent au sieur Chanut de le témoigner à cette Princesse, qui en receut le compliment avec plaisir; parce qu'on n'est pas fâché d'entendre dire, qu'on est aimé, & estimé des premieres personnes du monde. On fit ensuite toutes sortes de diligences contre ce miserable; mais on ne découvrit autre chose, sinon qu'il estoit veritablement fou; & jamais, quoy qu'il fust sans raison, on ne luy put faire avouër qu'il avoit dessein sur la personne de la Reine, mais seulement sur celle du Prêtre. Cét attentat ne parroissant nullement concerté, en retint cét homme en prison de crainte que la fureur ne le reprist.

Cependant l'affaire de la satisfaction de la Milice ne s'avançoit point; on ne voyoit pas mesme de jour à en reprendre la negociation, & chacun s'attendoit que cét article donneroit bien de la peine à regler. On ne laissoit pas d'estre dans de grandes apprehensions du succés de la Campagne, & l'on n'estimoit pas que l'Empereur eut dessein de renoüer le Traité, on craignoit de plus qu'il ne se formast quelque nouveauté en Allemagne.

Parmy toutes ces apprehensions on remist les articles du Traité d'Alliance entre le Roy de Portugal, & la Suede entre les mains de son Resident, ainsi qu'il en estoit demeuré d'accord; mais on fut surpris de ce qu'ils les garda long-temps entre ses mains, sans en demander l'expedition. On croyoit qu'il attendoit quelque nouvel ordre de son Maistre, & qu'il n'avoit pas voulu conclure en l'absence du Chancelier, qu'il reveroit à la verité, & craignoit, mais qu'il n'affectionnoit pas beaucoup.

On eut nouvelles en France, que les Suedois, qui demandoient des sommes immenses pour la satisfaction de la Milice, s'estoient relâchez tout à coup de quatorze millions de richedales, & de plus avoient renoncé à faire aucune demande nouvelle, mais il n'estoit pas probable que les Plenipotentiaires de Suede courussent si ardemment à la Paix, ni qu'ils fissent ces reductions pour leur milice, ni un desistememt si solemnel pour eux, aprés avoir tant témoigné qu'ils estoient tous prests de continuer la guerre, & de ne vouloir point d'accommodent sans cette satisfaction, outre qu'il estoit de notorieté publique qu'ils regardoient l'Allemagne comme un païs de Conquestes.

With modernised spelling:

Cette princesse alla en suite à Upsal pour se divertir. Toute son occupation était d'aller à la chasse ou d'assister à tous les exercices des professeurs de cette université. Pendant le séjour qu'elle y fit, il lui arriva deux nouvelles qui la réjouirent extrêmement. L'une fut la retraite des Impériaux devant Egra, et l'autre l'arrivée des vaisseaux suédois à la rade de Dieppe, et de ce qu'ils y étaient tout à propos pour paraître aux yeux de Leurs Majestés.

D'un autre côté, elle reçut du déplaisir d'apprendre que les mutins de l'armée du maréchal de Turenne s'étaient retirés vers le général Königsmarck, elle trouvait cette affaire très importante et d'un dangereux exemple. C'est pourquoi, après avoir examiné les conséquences de la résolution qu'on y prendrait, elle témoigna qu'elle inclinait plus à chercher les voies de châtier cette infidélité qu'à tout autre ajustement.

Quelques jours après, le sieur Chanut reçut des lettres de la cour, qui lui enjoignaient d'assurer la reine de Suède du paiement entier du subside; et, les lui ayant communiquées, elle témoigna beaucoup de plaisir des assurances qu'il lui en donnait de la part de Leurs Majestés. Mais, comme ses ambassadeurs lui avaient écrit que l'on reprenait le traité d'Espagne à Münster, elle témoigna d'appréhender qu'il ne se conclût promptement et ne pût s'empêcher de dire que si la France avait la paix de ce côté-là, les affaires d'Allemagne en souffriraient, parce que les Espagnols assisteraient l'empereur avec plus de chaleur que la France n'en aurait à passer le Rhin, d'où il arriverait que sans beaucoup considérer les avantages de la Suède.

On la contraindrait de faire la paix, qu'elle lui avait ôté la moitié de la Poméranie par son impatience et par le désir qu'elle avait témoigné de la vouloir, et qu'ainsi elle souhaiterait qu'elle ne fît pas d'opposition à l'avenir, à ce qu'elle demanderait pour sa satisfaction; mais le sieur Chanut l'assura que les plénipotentiaires de France ne traiteraient d'aucune chose, même en ce traité d'Espagne, que les siens n'en eussent incontinent la communication.

Mais comme la France voulait préssentir de quelle sorte les Suédois prétendraient s'accommoder en cas qu'il se fallut résoudre à la guerre, quelle part elle aurait dans ses conquêtes, et comment on diviserait les quartiers. Le sieur Chanut engagea adroitement la reine à parler des dispositions qui seraient à faire entre la France et la Suède si les ennemis refusaient la paix.

Sa Majesté lui répondit de manière qu'il y avait à espérer que, si les deux Couronnes se voulaient attacher avec fermeté à la destruction entière de la Maison d'Autriche en Allemagne, elles pourraient non seulement partager ses états, mais donner une nouvelle forme à l'Empire et lui faire entièrement changer de face, car la faiblesse où étaient alors tous les princes et tous les états, les partages qu'elle proposait étaient assez égaux, mais ils n'étaient pas si faciles, ni peut-être si justes en l'acquisition. Il jugea par ce discours que, si les affaires de la France étaient disposées à la continuation de la guerre, il ne serait pas mal-aisé d'y porter les Suédois.

Sur l'avis que l'on avait eu que les troupes allemandes mutinées en l'armée du maréchal de Turenne s'étaient retirées auprès du général Königsmarck, la reine de Suède lui ordonna de l'y recevoir en telle sorte néanmoins qu'il leur ôtât le dessein et le pouvoir de se donner aux ennemis, qu'il ne les mêlât point parmi ses troupes, mais qu'il les tint toujours comme attachées au serment de France pour en disposer comme Leurs Majestés désireraient, et parce qu'elle apprit que ces mutins persistaient dans leur révolte avec une opiniâtreté invincible, et que leur aversion pour le service de France était si grande qu'ils avaient résolu de tuer les premiers d'entre eux qui leur en parleraient.

Elle manda à Königsmarck qu'après avoir tenté toutes sortes de moyens pour les faire rentrer dans leur devoirs s'il n'en pouvait venir à bout, il ne perdît point d'occasion de les affaiblir et se conduisît en cela avec beaucoup d'adresse. Cette révolte fit peur à la Suède par la conséquence d'un si mauvais exemple. La reine même appréhenda que la chose n'allât plus loin et que Königsmarck fortifié de ces troupes ne se souvint qu'il était Allemand et ne se laissât gagner à ce nom de liberté germanique, car les Allemands n'estiment que leur nation, et ils haïssaient alors également les Français et les Suédois.

Mais l'électeur de Brandebourg ayant envoyé un des secrétaires en Danemark, cela fit soupçonner sa conduite par la reine de Suède, et l'on sut qu'il avait dessein de s'aboucher avec le roi de Pologne et qu'à cet effet il devait passer en la Prusse. Toutefois il était vrai que ce prince de soi était peu à craindre, qu'il se laissait gouverner par un homme qui avait de très mauvaises qualités, qu'il n'avait point d'argent et devait beaucoup, et que ses sujets étaient fort mécontents de lui et peu disposés à seconder ses desseins.

Au même temps les défiances que la Suède avait du duc de Bavière s'augmentèrent, et la reine ne put s'empêcher d'en témoigner quelque chose au sieur Chanut, qui fut bien aise qu'elle lui eut donné cette ouverture, car il avait reçu ordre des plénipotentiaires de France de lui demander si elle ne jugeait pas à propos pour remédier aux craintes que l'on pouvait avoir de ce prince de l'engager à quelque chose de plus qu'à une simple neutralité et que, par la raison du voisinage des États, il s'attachât à la France par quelque confédération.

«Avez-vous ordre», lui dit-elle, «de me faire cette proposition?»

«Non, Madame», lui répondit-il; «mais je crois que les ministres de Votre Majesté ne se tiennent pas si assurés que les Français de la bonne foi de cet électeur.»

Il lui fit cette réponse parce qu'il croyait que les plénipotentiaires de France étaient disposés à guérir le soupçon de la Suède par cette voie, si elle le désirait; mais la reine, ne voulant pas s'engager plus avant là-dessus, lui dit pour toute réponse qu'elle y penserait et qu'ils en parleraient une autre fois plus clairement, ajoutant que tous les traités avec le duc de Bavière lui semblaient périlleux parce que ce prince était en possession de tromper, qu'il était catholique, et qu'il pourrait arriver que, cette considération de religion l'attachant à la France, on infererait que le parti catholique méditât quelque liaison pour s'unir contre les princes protestants et se voulût appuyer des forces de la France.

Que ce dessein d'union entre les catholiques était déjà tout formé en Allemagne, et que le duc de Bavière sollicitait les princes catholiques d'entrer en cette ligue; qu'ainsi, n'étant pas bien informée de ce qui était entre la France et la Bavière, elle ne pouvait déclarer ce qu'elle désirait en cela.

Le sieur Chanut ne la voulut point presser davantage là-dessus, afin que si de hasard la France concluait quelque chose avec le duc de Bavière, dont on ne put pas donner avis à cette princesse avant la conclusion, il lui put dire qu'elle ne lui avait point témoigné qu'elle ne le désirait pas, ni même qu'elle le trouvât mauvais.

Il se plaignit ensuite à la reine du trop rude traitement que l'on avait fait à l'électeur de Cologne, qui était compris dans le traité d'Ulm, et que plusieurs États ne pouvaient croire que le landgrave de Hesse eût différé sa ratification sans le su des ministres de Suède. La reine lui protesta qu'elle n'avait aucune intelligence pour cela avec les Hessiens que ce procédé de le landgrave lui déplaisait extrêmement et que s'il s'était fait quelque chose mal à propos contre l'électeur de Cologne, elle donnerait ordre aux siens de le réparer en cas qu'il rentrât dans la neutralité.

Le bruit de la paix de France avec l'Espagne continuant toujours, la Suède appréhendait qu'elle ne se conclût avant celle de l'Empire et ne se défendait de cette crainte que par l'espérance qu'elle ne se ferait point. Il était étonnant que les Suédois fussent en peine de la paix d'Espagne, eux qui autrefois, quand on leur avait dit que la France était sur le point de la conclure, et qu'en effet elle en serait venue à bout si les Hollandais eussent tenu ferme, ne s'en étaient point émus et n'en avaient pas avancé d'un pas vers la paix d'Allemagne.

La nouvelle de l'accident que la reine de Suède évita lorsque ce malheureux dont nous avons parlé la voulut assassiner, ayant été portée en France, Leurs Majestés Très Chrétiennes en eurent beaucoup d'effroi et de joie tout ensemble et ordonnèrent au sieur Chanut de le témoigner à cette princesse, qui en reçut le compliment avec plaisir, parce qu'on n'est pas fâché d'entendre dire qu'on est aimé et estimé des premières personnes du monde.

On fit ensuite toutes sortes de diligences contre ce misérable, mais on ne découvrit autre chose sinon qu'il était véritablement fou; et jamais, quoiqu'il fût sans raison, on ne lui put faire avouer qu'il avait dessein sur la personne de la reine, mais seulement sur celle du prêtre. Cet attentat, ne paraissant nullement concerté, en retint cet homme en prison, de crainte que la fureur ne le reprît.

Cependant l'affaire de la satisfaction de la milice ne s'avançait point; on ne voyait pas même de jour à en reprendre la négociation, et chacun s'attendait que cet article donnerait bien de la peine à régler. On ne laissait pas d'être dans de grandes appréhensions du succès de la campagne, et l'on n'estimait pas que l'empereur eut dessein de renouer le traité. On craignait de plus qu'il ne se formât quelque nouveauté en Allemagne.

Parmi toutes ces appréhensions, on remit les articles du traité d'alliance entre le roi de Portugal et la Suède entre les mains de son résident, ainsi qu'il en était demeuré d'accord; mais on fut surpris de ce qu'ils les garda longtemps entre ses mains, sans en demander l'expédition. On croyait qu'il attendait quelque nouvel ordre de son maître et qu'il n'avait pas voulu conclure en l'absence du chancelier, qu'il révérait, à la vérité, et craignait, mais qu'il n'affectionnait pas beaucoup.

On eut nouvelles en France que les Suédois, qui demandaient des sommes immenses pour la satisfaction de la milice, s'étaient relâchés tout à coup de quatorze millions de richedales et de plus avaient renoncé à faire aucune demande nouvelle, mais il n'était pas probable que les plénipotentiaires de Suède courussent si ardemment à la paix, ni qu'ils fissent ces réductions pour leur milice, ni un désistememt si solennel pour eux après avoir tant témoigné qu'ils étaient tous prêts de continuer la guerre et de ne vouloir point d'accommodent sans cette satisfaction, outre qu'il était de notoriété publique qu'ils regardaient l'Allemagne comme un pays de conquêtes.

Swedish translation (by anonymous translator):

Denna Prinsessa for derpå till Upsala att roa sig. Hela dess sysselsättning var jagt eller Professorernes föreläsningar. Under hennes visstande der ankommo trenne nyheter som glädde henne oändligen, nemligen de Kejserligas återtåg från Eger och Svenska skeppens ankomst på redden i läglig tid för att synas inför Deras Majestäter. Ifrån en annan sida emottog hon den ledsamma underrättelsen att de upproriska från Turennes armé dragit sig till General Königsmark; en sak som hon fann vigtig och af ett farligt efterdöme. Efter att ha granskat följderna af det beslut man skulle taga visade hon i synnerhet sin böjelse, mer att straffa denna trolöshet än all annan förlikning. Några dagar derefter erhöll Herr Chanut bref från Hofvet som ålade honom försäkra Drottningen om Subsidiernes fullkomliga utbetalning hvaröfver hon blef ganska glad, äfvensom öfver försäkringarne å Deras Majestäters vägnar; då Hennes Ambassadörer skrefvo till henne att man i Münster återföretagit underhandlingen med Spanien, fruktade hon att om den snart slutades och då Frankrike erhöll fred på den sidan skulle Tyska angelägenheterna deraf lida, ty Spaniorerna bistodo Kejsaren med mer ifver än Frankrike visade att gå öfver Rhen. Det skulle deraf hända att utan betänkande af Sveriges bästa man tvingade det till fred, sedan Frankrike genom sin otålighet fråntagit det halfva Pommern. Hon hoppades alltså att Frankrike hädanefter ej skulle sätta sig emot det hon begärde till ersättning; men Herr Chanut försäkrade att Frankrikes Plenipotentiairer ej skulle underhandla i denna Traktat med Spanien om något utan att underrätta dess Bundsförvanter.

Frankrike ville ha underrättelse på hvad sätt Svenskarna ärnade uppföra sig, i fall krig beslöts, hvad del det skulle äga i deras eröfringar och huru qvarteren skulle förläggas. Herr Chanut inledde derföre med skicklighet Drottningen att tala om planer emellan Sverige och Frankrike i fall fienderna vägrade fred: Hennes Majestät svarade på ett sätt att det var hopp, om de begge kronorne fast förenade sig till fullkomligt förstörande af Österrikiska Huset i Tyskland, skulle de ej allenast dela dess länder men gifva en ny skapnad åt Tyska Riket och förändra dess utseende. I anseende till alla Furstars och Staters dåvarande svaghet skulle fördelningen af länderna blifva lika, men ej så lätt, ej heller kanhända förvärfvandet deraf så billigt. Han dömde af dessa ord, att om Frankrike hade lust till krigets fortsättande, skulle det ej blifva svårt att förmå Svenskarna dertill.

I anledning af underrättelsen att de upproriska tropparna dragit sig till General Königsmark befallte Drottningen honom att emottaga dem på ett sätt att han betog dem förmågan att öfvergå till fienden, ej heller skulle han blanda dem ibland sina egna; men alltid hålla dem fast vid den ed de svurit Frankrike för att använda dem efter Deras Majestäters önskan; ty hon hade hört att dessa upproriska fortforo i deras gäsning med en oöfvervinnerlig envishet, att deras afsky för Franska tjensten var så stor att de beslutit döda den förste som talade derom. Hon befallte Königsmark försöka alla medel att åtföra dem till sina skyldigheter och om han ej lycktes, till deras försvagande använda stor klokhet. Detta uppror skrämde Sverige genom dess elaka efterdöme. Drottningen fruktade äfven att saken skulle gå längre och att Königsmark, förstärkt af dessa troppar, skulle påminna sig att han var Tysk samt förledas af Tyska Frihetens namn: ty Tyskarna värdera endast sin nation och hata lika både Svenskar och Fransmän.

Kurförsten af Brandenburg skickade en Sekreterare till Dannemark. Drottningen misstänkte derföre hans uppförande, underrättad om hans afsigt att råka Konungen af Pohlen och således fara genom Preussen. Det var icke dessmindre sannt att denna Prins för sig sjelf var litet att frukta, lät styra sig af en person med ganska dåliga egenskaper, och hade ej penningar, men stora skulder; dess undersåtare voro missnöjde och föga benägna att biträda dess afsigter. Sveriges misstroende mot Hertigen af Bayern ökades på samma tid. Drottningen kunde ej afhålla sig att yttra detta åt Herr Chanut som deröfver blef ganska glad; ty han hade fått befallning af Frankrikes Plenipotentiairer att fråga om hon ej ansåg tjenligt qväfva all fruktan för denna Prins derigenom att man bandt honom genom något mer än en enkel neutralité och att han i anseende till granskapet fästade sig vid Frankrike genom någon konfederation. »Har ni befallning«, frågade Drottningen, »att göra mig detta förslag?« »Nej« svarade han, »men jag tror Eders Majestäts Ministrar icke anse sig så säkre på denna Förstes ärlighet som Fransmännen.« Han svarade henne på detta sätt ty han trodde att de Franska Fullmäktiga önskade genom denna utväg läka Sveriges misstanka, om hon önskade det, men Drottningen ville ej gå längre, svarade endast att hon skulle tänka derpå och tala tydligare en annan gång; tilläggande, att alla Traktater med Hertigen af Bayern syntes henne farliga, ty denna Prins var i stånd att bedraga, han var Katholik och det kunde hända, att denna Religions konfederation fästade honom vid Frankrike; derföre kunde den slutsats dragas, att det Katholska partiet upptänkte någon plan emot de Protestantiska Prinsarna samt dertill ville bruka Frankrikes styrka. Formen till detta förbund emellan Katholikerna var redan bildad i Tyskland och Hertigen af Bayern uppmanade alla Katholska Prinsar att ingå i en dylik liga; då hon således ej var väl underrättad om det Frankrike och Bayern afhandlas, kunde hon icke förklara sig såsom hon önskade. Herr Chanut ville ej heller mer yrka det, så att om Frankrike af en händelse underhandlade med Hertigen af Bayern (och hvarom man ej kunde underrätta denna Prinsessa innan något var afslutadt) kunde han säga att hon ej hade tillkännagifvit, åstundat eller funnit det illa.

Han beklagade sig sluteligen hos Drottningen öfver den grofva behandling, Kurfursten af Cöln undergått hvilken var inbegripen i Traktaten i Ulm; och att flere Stater ej kunde tro att Landt-Grefven af Hessen uppskjutit dess bekräftelse utan Svenska Ministrarnas vetskap; Drottningen försäkrade, att hon ej hade något hemligt förstånd med Hessen; att detta Landt-Grefvens uppförande ytterst misshagade henne, och att, om något oskickligt tilldragit sig med Kurfursten af Cöln, skulle hon gifva befallning om ersättning i händelse han ingick i neutraliteten.

Ryktet om Fred emellan Frankrike och Spanien fortfor alltid och Sverige fruktade att den afslöts innan den Tyska; denna fruktan stillades endast med hoppet att den ej skulle afslutas. Det var besynnerligt att denna fred med Spanien nu oroade Svenskarna då de förut vid underrättelsen att Frankrike var nära att sluta den, hvilket verkligen skedt om Holländarna varit pålitliga, ej rört sig eller gått ett steg närmare Tyska Freden.

Underrättelsen om det tillärnade mordet på Drottningen af Sverige hade kommit till Frankrike; Deras Allra Christeligaste Majestäter erforo deraf både fasa och förnöjelse, och befalte Herr Chanut betyga det för denna Prinsessa, som tog emot Deras lyckönskan med nöje, ty man är ej ledsen att höra sägas att man är älskad och värderad af de första personer i verlden; ett slags undersökning företogs sluteligen mot den olyckliga, men man upptäckte intet annat än att han verkeligen var galen och aldrig, ehuru han var utan förstånd, kunde man få honom att bekänna sin afsigt emot Drottningens person; han påstod att den endast var emot Prestens. Då denna förgripelse ej syntes öfverlagd, hölls mannen i fängelse, af fruktan att hans raseri skulle återkomma.

Med Milisens satisfaktion dröjde; man såg ej dagen då underhandlingen derom kunde företagas och hvar och en fruktade att den skulle bli svår att reglera; man var äfven rädd för framgången af Fältåget och ansåg ej heller troligt, att Kejsarens afsigt var att förnya underhandlingen, men att några nya företag skulle bildas i Tyskland.

Under allt detta öfverlemnade man Traktaten med Portugal åt dess Resident såsom var öfverenskommit, men det ansågs besynnerligt att han behöll den så länge utan att begära dess utfärdande. Man trodde derför att han väntade någon ny befallning ifrån sin Herre och ej ville afsluta i Riks-Kanslerens frånvaro, som han i sanning vördade och fruktade, men ej älskade.

Man hade underrättelse i Frankrike att Svenskarna som begärde omätliga summor till Milisens satisfaktion, i hast eftergifvit 14 millioner Rd. och afstått ifrån att göra någon ny fordran; men det var ej troligt att de Svenska Plenipotentiairerne så ifrigt skyndade till freden, förminskade anspråken för deras Milis eller så högtidligt afstodo derifrån, sedan de visat sig färdige att fortsätta kriget och ej vilja förlikas utan denna satisfaktion; det var dessutom allmänt bekant att de ansågo Tyskland såsom ett eröfradt land.

English translation (my own):

This princess then went to Uppsala to amuse herself. Her entire occupation was to go hunting or to attend all the exercises of the professors of this University. During her stay there, two pieces of news arrived which delighted her extremely. One was the retreat of the Imperials before Eger, and the other the arrival of the Swedish ships at the harbour of Dieppe, and that they were there just in time to appear before Their Majesties.

On the other hand, she was displeased to learn that the mutineers of Maréchal Turenne's army had retreated to General Königsmarck; she found this matter very important and a dangerous example. This is why, after having examined the consequences of the resolution that would be taken, she testified that she was more inclined to seek ways to punish this infidelity than to any other adjustment.

A few days later, Monsieur Chanut received letters from the court, which enjoined him to assure the Queen of Sweden of the full payment of the subsidy; and, him having communicated them to her, she showed great pleasure in the assurances he gave her on behalf of Their Majesties. But, as his ambassadors had written to him that the treaty of Spain was being resumed at Münster, she testified to apprehend that it would not be concluded promptly, and she could not refrain from saying that if France had peace on that side, affairs in Germany would suffer, because the Spanish would assist the Emperor with more warmth than France would have in crossing the Rhine, from which it would happen that without much consideration of the advantages of Sweden.

She would be forced to make peace, that she had taken away half of Pomerania from him by her impatience and by the desire she had testified to want it, and that thus she would wish that she would not make any opposition in the future, to what she would ask for her satisfaction; but Monsieur Chanut assured her that the plenipotentiaries of France would not treat anything, even in this treaty of Spain, that her plenipotentiaries did not immediately have communication of.

But because France wanted to anticipate in what way the Swedes would claim to accommodate themselves in the event that war had to be resolved, what part she would have in her conquests, and how the quarters would be divided. Monsieur Chanut skillfully engaged the Queen to speak of the dispositions that would be made between France and Sweden if the enemies refused peace.

Her Majesty replied to him in such a way that there was hope that, if the two Crowns were willing to attach themselves firmly to the complete destruction of the House of Austria in Germany, they could not only divide its states, but give a new form to the Empire and make it completely change its face, because the weakness in which all the princes and all the states were then, the divisions that she proposed were fairly equal, but they were not so easy, nor perhaps so just in acquisition. He judged from this discourse that, if the affairs of France were disposed to the continuation of the war, it would not be difficult to bring the Swedes there.

On the advice that had been received that the mutinous German troops in Maréchal Turenne's army had withdrawn to General Königsmarck, the Queen of Sweden ordered him to receive her there in such a way, however, that he would remove from them the intention and the power to surrender to the enemy, that he would not mix them among his troops, but that he would always keep them as attached to the oath of France to dispose of them as Their Majesties would wish, and because she learned that these mutineers persisted in their revolt with an invincible obstinacy, and that their aversion to the service of France was so great that they had resolved to kill the first among them who would speak to them about it.

She sent word to Königsmarck that, after having tried all sorts of means to make them return to their duties if he could not overcome them, he should not miss an opportunity to weaken them and conduct himself in this with great skill. This revolt frightened Sweden by the consequence of such a bad example. The Queen herself feared that the affair would go further and that Königsmarck, strengthened by these troops, would remember that he was German and would not let himself be won over by this name of Germanic liberty, because the Germans only value their nation, and they then hated the French and the Swedes equally.

But the Elector of Brandenburg having sent one of the secretaries to Denmark, this made the Queen of Sweden suspect his conduct, and it became known that he intended to make contact with the King of Poland and that for this purpose he was to go to Prussia. However, it was true that this prince on his own was little to be feared, that he allowed himself to be governed by a man who had very bad qualities, that he had no money and owed a lot, and that his subjects were very discontent with him and little disposed to second his designs.

At the same time, Sweden's distrust of the Duke of Bavaria increased, and the Queen could not help but express something of this to Monsieur Chanut, who was very pleased that she had given him this overture, for he had received orders from the French plenipotentiaries to ask her if she did not consider it appropriate, in order to alleviate the fears that might exist of this prince, to commit him to something more than simple neutrality and that, for reasons of the proximity of the States, he might attach himself to France through some confederation.

"Do you have orders", she said to him, "to make this proposition to me?"

"No, Madame", he replied; "but I believe that Your Majesty's ministers do not hold themselves as assured as the French in the good faith of this Elector."

He gave her this reply because he believed that the French plenipotentiaries were willing to allay Sweden's suspicions in this way, if she so desired; but the Queen, not wishing to commit herself further on the matter, told him in reply that she would think about it and that they would discuss it more clearly another time, adding that all treaties with the Duke of Bavaria seemed perilous to her because this prince was in possession of the power to deceive, that he was a Catholic, and that it might happen that, this religious consideration attaching him to France, it would be inferred that the Catholic party was meditating some liaison to unite against the Protestant princes and wished to be supported by the forces of France.

That this design for union among the Catholics was already fully formed in Germany, and that the Duke of Bavaria was soliciting the Catholic princes to enter into this league; that thus, not being well informed of what was between France and Bavaria, she could not declare what she desired in this.

Monsieur Chanut did not want to press her further on this, so that if by chance France concluded something with the Duke of Bavaria, of which this princess could not be informed before the conclusion, he could tell her that she had not testified to him that she did not desire it, nor even that she found it bad.

He then complained to the Queen about the harsh treatment that had been given to the Elector of Cologne, who was included in the Treaty of Ulm, and that several states could not believe that the Landgrave of Hesse had delayed its ratification without the knowledge of the Swedish ministers. The Queen protested to him that she had no intelligence with the Hessians about this, that this action of the Landgrave displeased her extremely and that if something untoward had been done against the Elector of Cologne, she would give orders to her people to repair it in the event that he returned to neutrality.

The rumour of the peace between France and Spain still continuing, Sweden apprehended that it would be concluded before that of the Empire and defended itself from this fear only by the hope that it would not be made. It was astonishing that the Swedes were in trouble about the peace of Spain, they who formerly, when they had been told that France was on the point of concluding it, and that in fact it would have succeeded if the Dutch had held firm, had not been moved by it and had not advanced a single step towards the peace of Germany.

The news of the accident that the Queen of Sweden avoided when the unfortunate man we have spoken of tried to assassinate her, having been brought to France, Their Most Christian Majesties were both greatly frightened and delighted and ordered Monsieur Chanut to convey it to this princess, who received the compliment with pleasure, because one is not displeased to hear that one is loved and esteemed by the highest people in the world.

All sorts of diligence was then carried out against this wretch, but nothing was discovered except that he was truly mad; and never, although he was without reason, could they make him confess that he had intended to attack the Queen's person, but only that of the priest. This attack, which did not appear to be planned in any way, kept this man in prison, for fear that the fury would take him again.

In the meantime, the matter of the satisfaction of the militia was not advancing; one could not see even a day to resume the negotiation on, and everyone expected that this article would be very difficult to settle. There were still great apprehensions about the success of the campaign, and it was not believed that the Emperor had any intention of renewing the treaty. There was also fear that some novelty would arise in Germany.

Amidst all these apprehensions, the articles of the treaty of alliance between the King of Portugal and Sweden were placed in the hands of his resident, as he had agreed; but one was surprised that he kept them in his hands for a long time without requesting their expedition. It was believed that he was awaiting some new order from his master and that he had not wanted to conclude in the absence of the Chancellor, whom he revered, in truth, and feared, but whom he did not feel much affection for.

News reached France that the Swedes, who were demanding immense sums for the satisfaction of the militia, had suddenly relaxed themselves by fourteen million riksdalers and had furthermore renounced making any new demands, but it was not likely that the Swedish plenipotentiaries would run so ardently to peace, nor that they would make these reductions for their militia, nor such a solemn withdrawal for them after having so much shown that they were all ready to continue the war and to not want any accommodation without this satisfaction, besides the fact that it was of public notoriety that they regarded Germany as a land of conquest.

Notes: Eger is the German name for Cheb, a town in what is now the Karlovy Vary region of the Czech Republic.

In the 17th century the word "accident" could also be used to mean a bout of illness or a disturbing or violent incident or action regardless of whether or not it was done intentionally.

Kristina's would-be assassin was Christoffer Presbeckius, the rector of Stockholm Gymnasium, who had tried to attack her with a knife during a service in the castle chapel at Tre Kronor Castle on July 16/26, 1647.

The Portuguese resident = Francisco de Sousa Coutinho.

Saturday, April 5, 2025

Anna Brownell Jameson's biography of Kristina, part 7

Source:

Memoirs of celebrated female sovereigns, volume 1, pages 50 to 51, by Anna Brownell Jameson, 1831; original at the University of Toronto


The biography:

It was in the year 1651 that Christina began to entertain seriously the idea of resigning her crown: the remonstrances of the senate and the arguments of Oxenstiern, who rose from a bed of sickness to combat her intention, induced her to lay it aside for the present; but her resolution was taken, and the contradiction she met with only served to confirm it.

In the same year an accident occurred which gave her an opportunity of displaying that intrepidity for which she was remarkable, though it had nearly terminated her life and reign together. One day when she was preparing to visit her fleet in the harbour of Stockholm, and passing along a narrow plank laid from her barge to the vessel, the admiral, Herman Fleming, upon whose arm she leaned, slipped from his footing, and they were both precipitated into the water, which was there thirty feet deep. The queen was extricated with some difficulty by her equerry, Antony Steinberg, for the admiral had seized her petticoat, and held it fast. Christina, without losing her presence of mind, desired them to save the admiral, who had sunk; and when those about her blamed him for his conduct in seizing her dress, and thus endangering her life, she excused him on the principle of self-preservation; and added, laughing, that he deserved praise rather than blame, for he had certainly been drowned had he acted otherwise. She afterwards changed her dressed with her usual celerity, and dined in public as if nothing had happened. This was not her only escape: the year before her coronation [sic], as she was at prayers in her chapel, a wretched maniac forced his way through the guards and attendants, and attempted to strike at her with a knife, but was seized and disarmed by Count Brahe: the queen immediately perceiving his real condition, would not allow him to be hurt, and he was placed under proper restraint.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Anna Brownell Jameson.

Notes: Kristina's accident at the harbour happened in 1652, not in 1651.

The assassination attempt on Kristina happened in 1647, not in 1649. The assailant was Christoffer Presbeckius.

Saturday, December 28, 2024

Pierre Hector Chanut on the assassination attempt on Kristina, July 17/27 (Old Style), 1647

Sources:

Mémoires de ce qui s'est passé en Suède, volume 1, pages 156 to 158, by Pierre Hector Chanut, published by Pierre Linage de Vauciennes, 1675 (1677 edition, printed by Pierre Marteau)


Anteckningar om det som tilldragit sig i Sverige ifrån år 1645 till år 1649, pages 163 to 165, translator unknown, published by Ecksteinska Boktryckeriet, 1826


Queen Christina, page 106, by Georgina Masson, 1968 (1974 edition)

Christine de Suède: Un roi exceptionnel, page 135, by Bernard Quilliet, 1982

Christina, Queen of Sweden: The Restless Life of a European Eccentric, page 80, by Veronica Buckley, 2004


Above: Kristina.

The account:

... Le 27. de Juillet de l'année 1647, la Suede fut sur le point d'éprouver le plus funeste de tous les accidens, il se faisoit ce jour là un jeûne, & des prieres publiques par tout le Royaume; la Reine alla sur les dix heures du matin dans l'Eglise du Chasteau, où elle entendit la Predication; lorsqu'elle fut finie tout le monde s'agenoüilla pour faire la priere publique, mais parce qu'avant que de la commencer chacun se preparoit par quelques Oraisons secrettes, les hommes pour estre plus recueillis avoient mis leurs chappeaux devant leurs yeux, lors qu'un homme prenant ce temps-là pour n'estre pas remarqué, passa au travers de la foule, & se jetta dans une ballustrade un peu élevée, ou la Reine estoit à genoux, le Comte Brahé-drost s'en apperceût tout seul, & cria aux Gardes de luy en empêcher l'entrée, ils croiserent leurs pertuisannes, mais l'autre les heurta l'une contre l'autre de telle roideur, qu'il en cassa une à demy pied du fer, & sauta par dessus l'autre, la Reine s'élevant au cry du Comte Drost vid ce malheureux à deux pas d'elle, qui venoit pour l'assassiner, & sans s'émouvoir poussa son Capitaine des Gardes, qui estoit encore à genoux, lequel s'estant aussi levé se jetta entre d[']eux, & saisit cét homme par les cheveux, il fut foüillé aussi-tost, & l'on trouva sur luy deux coûteaux sans gaine, l'un dans sa manche, & l'autre en sa poche. Cét homme estoit Lecteur au College de Stokolm, d'une taille plus forte que la mediocre, & n'avoit rien dans les yeux, qui marquât de la folie, ni de l'égarement; comme les prisons sont dans le Chasteau sous l'appartement de la Reine, elle ne voulut pas qu'on l'y mist, & on le conduisist chez luy avec bonne garde. Quand il se vid en sa chambre, il dit tout haut, qu'il ne pensoit pas le matin, lorsqu'il en estoit sorti, y devoir jamais rentrer, ayant entrepris une action, où il s'attendoit de perdre la vie.

Le sieur Chanut ayant avis de cét accident, courut où estoit la Reine pour luy témoigner la joye qu'il avoit de ce que la bonté divine l'avoit preservée d'un si horrible peril, & luy dit que leurs Majestez Tres-Chrestiennes apprendroient cette nouvelle avec une satisfaction incroyable: Cette Princesse le remercia de son zele, & eut la bonté de luy raconter elle-mesme toutes les particularitez de cette méchante action.

With modernised spelling:

... Le 27 de juillet de l'année 1647, la Suède fut sur le point d'éprouver le plus funeste de tous les accidents. Il se faisait ce jour-là un jeûne et des prières publiques par tout le royaume. La reine alla sur les dix heures du matin dans l'église du château, où elle entendit la prédication. Lorsqu'elle fut finie, tout le monde s'agenouilla pour faire la priere publique; mais, parce qu'avant que de la commencer, chacun se préparait par quelques oraisons secrètes, les hommes, pour être plus recueillis, avaient mis leurs chapeaux devant leurs yeux — lorsqu'un homme, prenant ce temps-là pour n'être pas remarqué, passa au travers de la foule et se jeta dans une balustrade un peu élevée, où la reine était à genoux.

Le comte Brahe, drost, s'en aperçut tout seul et cria aux gardes de lui en empêcher l'entrée. Ils croisèrent leurs pertuisanes, mais l'autre les heurta l'une contre l'autre, de telle roideur qu'il en cassa une à demi-pied du fer et sauta par-dessus l'autre. La reine, s'élevant au cri du comte-drost, vit ce malheureux à deux pas d'elle qui venait pour l'assassiner, et, sans s'émouvoir, poussa son capitaine des gardes, qui était encore à genoux, lequel, s'étant aussi levé, se jeta entre d'eux et saisit cet homme par les cheveux. Il fut fouillé aussitôt, et l'on trouva sur lui deux couteaux sans gaine, l'un dans sa manche et l'autre en sa poche.

Cet homme était lecteur au Collège de Stockholm, d'une taille plus forte que la mediocre, et n'avait rien dans les yeux qui marquât de la folie, ni de l'égarement. Comme les prisons sont dans le château sous l'appartement de la reine, elle ne voulut pas qu'on l'y mît, et on le conduisit chez lui avec bonne garde. Quand il se vit en sa chambre, il dit tout haut qu'il ne pensait pas le matin, lorsqu'il en était sorti, y devoir jamais rentrer, ayant entrepris une action où il s'attendait de perdre la vie.

Le sieur Chanut, ayant avis de cet accident, courut où était la reine pour lui témoigner la joie qu'il avait de ce que la bonté divine l'avait préservée d'un si horrible péril et lui dit que Leurs Majestés Très Chrétiennes apprendraient cette nouvelle avec une satisfaction incroyable. Cette princesse le remercia de son zèle et eut la bonté de lui raconter elle-même toutes les particularités de cette méchante action.

Swedish translation (by anonymous translator):

... Den 27 Juli 1647 var Sverige nära att erfara den olyckligaste händelse; denna dag firades med fasta och allmänna böner öfver hela riket. Drottningen gick klockan 10 om morgonen i slotts-kyrkan, der hon hörde predikan. Då den var slut föllo alla på knä att göra allmän bön, men innan den begyntes, beredde sig hvar och en dertill genom en tyst andagt, karlarna för att vara mer ostörde höllo hattarna för ögonen, då en man tog tiden i akt för att ej vara bemärkt, gick genom hopen och kastade sig upp på den föga upphöjde ballustrade der Drottningen låg på knä. Riks-Drotset Grefve Brahe blef det endast varse och ropade åt vakten att hindra honom. De korsade sina Bardisaner, men karlen slog ihop dem med sådan styrka att han bröt af en half fot ifrån jernet, samt hoppade öfver den andra. Drottningen steg upp vid Grefvens rop, blef varse tvenne steg ifrån sig denne olycklige, färdig att mörda henne; utan förfäran stötte hon på sin Kapten af lifvakten ännu på knä som steg upp, kastade sig emellan dem, fattade karlen vid håret, undersökte honom och fann tvenne knifvar utan slidor, en i ärmen och den andra i fickan. Denna karl var Lektor vid skolan i Stockholm, af något mer än medelmåttig längd, hade ej något i ögonen och ansigtet, som utmärkte galenskap eller förvirring. Som fängelserna i Slottet äro under Drottningens rum, ville hon ej att han skulle sättas dit, men han hemfördes under stark bevakning. Då han såg sig vara i sitt rum, yttrade han, att då han gick ut om morgonen, tänkte han ej återkomma efter en gerning hvarföre han väntade förlora lifvet.

Herr Chanut, underrättad om denna händelse, skyndade att betyga Drottningen sin glädje att den gudomliga godheten bevarat henne för en så ryslig fara och yttrade att Deras Majestäter skulle emottaga denna underrättelse med otrolig tillfredsställelse: hon tackade honom för hans nit och hade godheten att sjelf berätta alla omständigheter vid denna händelse.

English translation (my own):

... On July 27, in the year 1647, Sweden was on the point of experiencing the most fatal of all accidents. On that day there was a fast and public prayers throughout the kingdom. The Queen went at about ten o'clock in the morning to the castle church, where she heard the sermon. When it was finished, everyone knelt down to make public prayer; but because, before beginning it, everyone prepared themselves by some secret orations, the men, to be more collected, had put their hats over their eyes — when a man, taking that time to avoid being noticed, passed through the crowd and threw himself into a somewhat raised balustrade where the Queen was kneeling.

Count Brahe, the Steward, noticed this all by himself and shouted to the guards to prevent him from entering. They crossed their halberds, but the other man struck them against each other, so stiffly that he broke one half a foot from the iron and jumped over the other. The Queen, getting up at hearing the cry of the Count-Steward, saw this wretch two steps away from her, who was coming to assassinate her, and, without getting emotional, she pushed the captain of her guards, who was still on his knees, who, having also risen, threw himself between them and seized this man by the hair. He was searched immediately, and two knives without a sheath were found on him, one in his sleeve and the other in his pocket.

This man was a lector at Stockholm College, of a stature larger than the average, and had nothing in his eyes that marked madness or delusion. As the prisons are in the castle underneath the Queen's apartment, she did not want to have him put there, and he was taken home under good guard. When he found himself in his room, he said aloud that he did not think that morning, when he left it, that he would ever have to return there, having undertaken an action in which he expected to lose his life.

Monsieur Chanut, having heard of this accident, ran to where the Queen was to tell her of his joy that the Divine Goodness had preserved her from such a horrible peril and told her that Their Most Christian Majesties would learn this news with incredible satisfaction. This princess thanked him for his zeal and was kind enough to tell him herself all the particulars of this wicked action.

Notes: This incident occurred on July 16/26, not 17/27.

In the 17th century the word "accident" could also be used to mean a bout of illness or a disturbing or violent incident or action regardless of whether or not it was done intentionally.

Kristina writes that her would-be assassin, Christoffer Presbeckius, was placed in the castle dungeon and that it is not true that she was afraid of having him put there specifically.

Quilliet misidentifies Kristina's assailant as an Erik Gundersson; at the time of writing (January 31, 2026) I do not know where he sourced this misinformation if he did not make it up himself.