Showing posts with label Hieronim Radziejowski. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hieronim Radziejowski. Show all posts

Sunday, November 2, 2025

Summary of Coenraad van Beuningen's letter to the government of the United Provinces in The Hague, dated January 29/February 8 (New Style), 1653

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 4, page 282, published by Anders Fryxell, 1843


The letter summary:

... [Stockholm] d. 8 Febr. 1653. — Kungen i Polen sände till Kristina afskrift af det bref, som Radziejowski skrifvit att reta kossackerna till uppror; klagade öfver det beskydd, denne i Sverge åtnjöt, och de upproriska bref, som han genom svenska residenten i Danzig utspridde.

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] den 8 februari 1653. — Kungen i Polen sände till Kristina avskrift av det brev som Radziejowski skrivit att reta kossackerna till uppror; klagade över det beskydd denne i Sverige åtnjöt och de upproriska brev som han genom svenske residenten i Danzig utspridde.

English translation (my own):

... [Stockholm], February 8, 1653. — The King of Poland sent to Kristina a copy of the letter that Radziejowski had written to provoke the Cossacks to rebellion; he complained about the patronage this man enjoyed in Sweden and the seditious letters he spread through the Swedish resident in Danzig.


Above: Kristina.


Above: King Jan II Kazimierz of Poland.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Coenraad van Beuningen.

Note: Danzig is the German name for what is now the Polish city of Gdańsk.

Monday, October 20, 2025

Francis William Bain on Kristina's friendships with Antonio Pimentel, Corfitz Ulfeldt and Hieronim Radziejowski

Source:

Christina, Queen of Sweden, pages 187 to 191, by Francis William Bain, 1890; original at the University of Connecticut Library


Kristina's letter of August 14/24 (Old Style), 1652 to Axel Oxenstierna is here:


The account:

Among her more intimate associates in the latter year of her reign was the Spanish ambassador, Don Antonio Pimentelli. On his arrival in 1652, Christina wrote to the Chancellor, bidding him pay special attention to his reception and see that nothing was wanting to make his lodging comfortable. Pimentelli speedily became a very great favourite with the Queen. It is said that at his first audience he made her a profound bow, and retired immediately, without a word. The next day he presented himself again, and addressed to her a studied and flattering discourse. Thereupon Christina asked him the meaning of his withdrawing on the previous day: he replied, that he had been so much struck with Her Majesty's presence, that the interval had been necessary to him in order to collect himself. Whatever truth there may be in this story, the Spanish ambassador was certainly a man of great courtliness of demeanor and captivating address. Whitelocke calls him "a man of great parts and ingenuity, and of a very civil deportment." When he came to see Whitelocke, "he fell into a commendation of the Queen, her singular parts and abilities for government and public affairs, excelling all women, and scarce giving place therein to any man he had ever met with; and that she was of an admirable spirit and courage beyond her sex, well skilled for military affairs, and as fit as possibly a woman could be to lead an army." He was a prominent figure at her receptions, and possessed much of her confidence; being one of the few to whom she communicated her design of becoming a Catholic.

Two other men are worthy of notice, both of whom had influence at a later time on Swedish politics. These were Count Corfiz Ulfeld, a native of Denmark, and Radziejowski, a Pole, both political refugees. The former, the favourite of Christian IV., had married a daughter of that king by a second marriage, had been Viceroy of Norway, and Grand Master of the Danish Court; after Christina's death [sic] his abilities and great influence aroused the jealousy of Frederick III., who sought to ruin him by bringing various false accusations against him; in 1651 he fled with his wife in the disguise of a page to Sweden, and claimed the protection of Christina, which she afforded him. To the remonstrances of Denmark she pleaded a clause in the Treaty of Stettin in 1570, by which political refugees of the various states concerned were allowed to claim shelter in the others; precedents were also adduced of Swedish refugees in Denmark in the time of Sigismund. Ulfeld was accused by Charles II., then in exile, of appropriating to his own use 24,000 dollars, which ought to have been paid to himself; it turned out, however, that so far from this being the case, Ulfeld had even increased that sum with half as much again of his own. He remained at Stockholm, and endeavoured to induce Christina to make war on his own country for the purpose of restoring him, giving her all the information he could about its resources; the war, however, did not come in her time.

Similar appeals were made to her by the other fugitive, Radziejowski, a resolute and daring intriguer, who had been Vice-Chancellor of Poland. Suspecting an intrigue between his wife and John Casimir, he had attempted to rouse ill-feeling against the king; his wife during his absence from home took refuge in a convent, whereupon Radziejowski collected a band of men and endeavoured to storm it; failing in this, and feeling himself in danger, he fled the country, going to the Courts of Transylvania, and the Emperor, and lastly to Sweden, in 1652. Here he busied himself in trying to arouse the Cossacks against the King of Poland, and also to excite a war between that country and Sweden, for which purpose he betrayed to Denmark the designs of Ulfeld, to prevent his plans from getting a start. He got what he wanted as soon as Charles X. came to the throne.

The national hatred of Roman Catholics and the Imperialist and Spanish party, the distrust of foreign influence, and the rancour of the envious French have succeeded in presenting Christina's relations with these four men in an entirely erroneous light. They are supposed to have corrupted her morals and perverted her policy; it was hinted that Bourdelot and Pimentelli were strenuously working to alienate her mind from her old allies, the French, and substitute Spain in her good graces, by working on her admiration of Condé (in whose service Bourdelot had formerly been, and who was at this time in the Spanish interests), by commending the advantages of a commercial treaty with Spain, and depreciating the salt trade with Portugal. Pimentelli, we are told, was inducing her to form an alliance with Spain and England against Holland, and drawing her near to the Emperor; rumours were whispered of a marriage between her and the King of Hungary; still darker "there-be-an-if-they-mights", "we-would-an-if-we-coulds", were thrown out about her and the fascinating Spanish ambassador. All this figments are, however, in flagrant contradiction with the facts.

To begin with, Christina was at no time more closely allied with Pimentelli than other ambassadors whom she thought it necessary to conciliate for political reasons. The insinuations against him are due to his country and his religion, and were never directed against another ambassador to whom she showed equal if not greater favour, Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke, who was sent by Cromwell to Sweden in 1653 to negotiate a commercial treaty with England and establish friendly relations between the two countries. ...


Above: Kristina.


Above: Antonio Pimentel.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.

Note: Stettin is the German name for the city of Szczecin in what is now the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.

Thursday, September 12, 2024

Summary of Peder Juel's letter to Christoffer Urne, the Grand Chancellor of Denmark, and the government of Denmark in Copenhagen, dated May 14/24 (Old Style), 1653

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 1, page 96, published by Anders Fryxell, 1836



The letter summary:

... [Stockholm] 14 Maj 1653. Bourdelot fått namnlöst bref att resa bort. — Om Music. Bandini; Italienska Chemisten. — Chanuts discours med drottningen. — Bochart och Meibom resa bort. — En Italiensk poets ankomst. — Radziejewskis afresa och föräring af Kristina; C. Ulfelds dito i ett smycke. — Några Fransoser resa bort med Chanut.

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] 14 maj 1653. Bourdelot fått namnlöst brev att resa bort. — Om musik. Bandini; italienska kemisten. — Chanuts diskurs med drottningen. — Bochart och Meibom resa bort. — En italiensk poets ankomst. — Radziejowskis avresa och föräring av Kristina; Corfitz Ulfeldts dito i ett smycke. — Några fransoser resa bort med Chanut.

English translation (my own):

... Stockholm, May 14, 1653. Bourdelot has received an anonymous letter to travel away. — About music. Bandini; Italian chemist. — Chanut's discourse with the Queen. — Bochart and Meibomius travel away. — Arrival of an Italian poet. — Radziejowski's departure and presentation from Kristina; Corfitz Ulfeldt's, ditto, in a piece of jewelry. — Some Frenchmen travel away with Chanut.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Pierre Bourdelot.


Above: Samuel Bochart.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Christoffer Urne.

Wednesday, September 11, 2024

Summary of Peder Juel's letter to Christoffer Urne, the Grand Chancellor of Denmark, and the government of Denmark in Copenhagen, dated April 23/May 3 (Old Style), 1653

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 1, page 96, published by Anders Fryxell, 1836



The letter summary:

... [Stockholm] 23 April 1653. Pålska exkansleren härifrån. — Chanuts ankomst. — Pengar åt Meibom. — En guldgrufva funnen på Ladugårdslandet. — Drottningen sjuk. — Om Ulfeldarna och deras fröknar.

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] 23 april 1653. Polske exkanslern härifrån. — Chanuts ankomst. — Pengar åt Meibom. — En guldgruva funnen på Ladugårdslandet. — Drottningen sjuk. — Om Ulfeldtarna och deras fröknar.

English translation (my own):

... Stockholm, April 23, 1653. The Polish ex-chancellor has left from here. — Arrival of Chanut. — Money for Meibomius. — A gold mine found in Ladugårdslandet. — The Queen ill. — About the Ulfeldts and their ladies.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Christoffer Urne.

Thursday, August 22, 2024

Summary of Peder Juel's letter to Christoffer Urne, the Grand Chancellor of Denmark, and the government of Denmark in Copenhagen, dated October 16/26 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 1, page 94, published by Anders Fryxell, 1836



The letter summary:

... [Stockholm] 16 Okt. 1652. Afund mellan triumvirerna Ulfeld, Radzijewski och Pimentelli. — B. Skytte i onåd. — Småland upproriskt, skatten tömd. — Ulfeld fick Wollin till underpant. — Ville taga Danmark med 4000 man.

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] 16 oktober 1652. Avund mellan triumvirerna Ulfeldt, Radziejowski och Pimentelli. — Bengt Skytte i onåd. — Småland upproriskt, skatten tömd. — Ulfeldt fick Wollin till underpant. — Ville taga Danmark med 4,000 man.

English translation (my own):

... Stockholm, October 16, 1652. Envy between the triumvirs Ulfeldt, Radziejowski and Pimentel. — Bengt Skytte in disgrace. — Småland rebellious, the treasure emptied. — Ulfeldt got Wollin as collateral. — One wanted to take Denmark with 4,000 men.

Note: Wollin is the German name for the Polish island of Wolin and a town on it, in the Baltic Sea.

Monday, July 1, 2024

Summary of Peder Juel's letter to Christoffer Urne, the Grand Chancellor of Denmark, and the government of Denmark in Copenhagen, dated October 9/19 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 1, page 94, published by Anders Fryxell, 1836
The letter summary:

... [Stockholm] 9 Okt. 1652[.] Pimentelli offererar drottningen 300 läster salt. — Drottningen 2 millioner af C. Ulfeld. — Radzijewski på nytt i nåd.

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] 9 oktober 1652. Pimentelli offererar drottningen 300 läster salt. — Drottningen 2 millioner av Corfitz Ulfeldt. — Radziejowski på nytt i nåd.

English translation (my own):

... Stockholm, October 9, 1652. Pimentel offers the Queen 300 gallons of salt. — The Queen 2 million from Corfitz Ulfeldt. — Radziejowski is again in grace.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Antonio Pimentel.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Christoffer Urne.

Excerpt from the summary of Peder Juel's letter to Christoffer Urne, the Grand Chancellor of Denmark, and the government of Denmark in Copenhagen, dated October 2/12 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Handlingar rörande Sverges historia, volume 1, page 94, published by Anders Fryxell, 1836
The letter summary excerpt:

... [Stockholm] 2 Okt. 1652. Radzijewski fått pengar af Kristina. — Kristina underhandlar med C. Ulfeld om några tunnor guld. ...

With modernised spelling:

... [Stockholm] 2 oktober 1652. Radziejowski fått pengar av Kristina. — Kristina underhandlar med Corfitz Ulfeldt om några tunnor guld. ...

English translation (my own):

... Stockholm, October 2, 1652. Radziejowski has received money from Kristina. — Kristina is negotiating with Corfitz Ulfeldt for a few barrels of gold. ...


Above: Kristina.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Christoffer Urne.

Tuesday, January 2, 2024

Per Brahe's diary entry on the Riksdag of 1652 and the coming of the Polish vice chancellor Hieronim Radziejowski and the Danish court steward Corfitz Ulfeldt, autumn 1652 and into 1653

Source:

Svea Rikets Drotset Grefve Per Brahes Tänkebok, efter dess i Skoklosters Bibliotek förvarade originala handskrift, pages 79 to 81, Per Brahe, published 1806
The diary entry:

I September och October hölls Riksdag i Stockholm, hvarest beviljades 5 års utskrifning samt 4 daler godt mynt på 2:ne års tid af hvart helt hemman, att erläggas till Kronan, samt några andra ärenden förrättades. Togs ock ett utskott af de förnämsta Ständer. Dem blef af Hennes Kongl. Maj:t sjelf proponeradt om de Danska: huru obetänkligen de gjort, att de sig så partiskt med Staterna ställt och fiendtligt handlat emot de Engelska, i det de tjuge Engelska köpmansskepp, hvilka för Holländarna gåfvo sig i de Danskas beskydd, icke allenast af dem arresterades, utan ock när de Engelska kommo i Sundet med en ansenlig örlogsflotta, att bemälte skepp convojera till England, ville de dem icke släppa, och det som än värre var, lät skeppen förskringras och föryttra varorna. Utaf hvilken fiendskap Sveriges Krona kunde ock a consequenti hafva största fara; derföre ock Ständernas utskott öfvergaf Hennes Kongl. Maj:t och Riksens Råd i väld denna fara att förebygga, antingen med krig på Dannemark, till dess säkerhet att inkräkta några orter, som importerligast voro, hvilka icke råka skulle i andras händer, efter de Danske för svage voro emot de Engelska, eller ock conjungera sig med de Danska under ett visst ansenligt hypothek att dämpa deras fiende, eller honom hans progress att förhindra; om hvilken sak ofta blef i Rådet discureradt, men för åtskilliga orsakers skull kom det icke till slut. Emedlertid förändrade sig mycket tillståndet på alla orter, så väl 1652 som 1653. Då Polske ViceCanzleren kom hit in, så ock RiksHofmästaren i Dannemark Ulfeldt, begge af deras egna Konungar, utan eller af eget vållande disgusterade, sökte hvardera för sitt intresse vindictam och plägade sådana råd, som dem tjente till deras privata fördel, hvarutinnan de intet försummade. Hennes Kongl. Maj:t lät en gång i hela Rådet RiksHofmästaren hafva fram sina rationes pro bello Danico, till hvilka Hennes Maj:t böd mig svara & tam pro quam contra discurera. Voro stora förslag och hopp af honom med facilitate rei, hvilka man lät å sin ord, hvad sig göra lät eller ej.

With modernised spelling:

I september och oktober hölls Riksdag i Stockholm, varest beviljades 5 års utskrivning samt 4 daler gott mynt på tvenne års tid av vart helt hemman att erläggas till Kronan, samt några andra ärenden förrättades. Togs ock ett utskott af de förnämsta Ständer. Dem blev av Hennes Kungliga Majestät själv proponerat om de danska, huru obetänkligen de gjort, att de sig så partiskt med Staterna ställt och fiendligt handlat emot de engelska, i det de tjugo engelska köpmansskepp, vilka för Holländarna gåvo sig i de danskas beskydd, icke allenast av dem arresterades, utan ock när de engelska kommo i Sundet med en ansenlig örlogsflotta att bemälte skepp konvojera till England, ville de dem icke släppa, och det som än värre var, lät skeppen förskringras och föryttra varorna. Utav vilken fiendskap Sveriges Krona kunde ock a consequenti hava största fara; därföre ock Ständernas utskott övergav Hennes Kungliga Majestät och Riksens Råd i väld denna fara att förebygga, antingen med krig på Danmark, till dess säkerhet att inkräkta några orter som importerligast voro vilka icke råka skulle i andras händer, efter de danska för svaga voro emot de engelska, eller ock konjungera sig med de danska under ett visst ansenligt hypotek att dämpa deras fiende eller honom hans progress att förhindra; om vilken sak ofta blev i Rådet diskurrerat, men för åtskilliga orsakers skull kom det icke till slut.

Emellertid förändrade sig mycket tillståndet på alla orter, såväl 1652 som 1653. Då polske vicekanslern kom hit in, så ock rikshovmästaren i Danmark Ulfeldt, bägge av deras egna konungar, utan eller af eget vållande disgusterade, sökte vardera för sitt intresse vindictam och plägade sådana råd som dem tjänte till deras privata fördel, varutinnan de intet försummade. Hennes Kungliga Majestät lät en gång i hela Rådet rikshovmästaren hava fram sina rationes pro bello Danico, till vilka Hennes Majestät böd mig svara et tam pro quam contra diskurrera. Voro stora förslag och hopp av honom med facilitate rei, vilka man lät å sin ord, vad sig göra lät eller ej.

French translation (my own):

En septembre et octobre, la Diète s'est tenue à Stockholm, chacun a obtenu une libération de 5 ans et 4 dalers de bonne pièce dans un délai de deux ans de chaque personne entièrement domestique à payer à la Couronne, et quelques autres affaires ont été réglées. Un comité des États les plus distingués fut aussi nommé. Sa Majesté Royale elle-même leur fit remarquer à propos des Danois combien ils avaient été imprudents, qu'ils s'étaient rangés si partisanement du côté des États et avaient agi de manière hostile contre les Anglais, en ce sens qu'ils n'avaient pas seulement arrêté l'un des vingt navires marchands anglais qui s'étaient livrés aux mains des Hollandais sous la protection des Danois, mais aussi, lorsque les Anglais arrivèrent dans le Sound avec une flotte navale considérable pour escorter les navires vers l'Angleterre, ils ne voulurent pas les laisser partir, et ce qui était pire, ils laissèrent voler les navires et les marchandises vendues. De quelle inimitié la couronne de Suède pourrait aussi courir le plus grand danger; c'est pourquoi aussi le Comité des États laissa Sa Majesté Royale et le Conseil du Royaume au pouvoir pour prévenir ce danger, soit par la guerre au Danemark, soit pour sa sécurité en envahissant certains lieux les plus importants et qui ne tomberaient pas entre les mains d'autrui, comme les Danois étaient trop faibles contre les Anglais, ou encore pour se conjuguer avec les Danois sous une certaine hypothèque considérable pour soumettre leur ennemi ou empêcher sa progression; cette question a été souvent discutée au Conseil, mais pour diverses raisons, elle n'a pas abouti.

Cependant, la situation a beaucoup changé partout, aussi bien en 1652 qu'en 1653. Lorsque le vice-chancelier polonais est arrivé, le maître de la Cour du Danemark, Ulfeldt, tous deux de la part de leurs propres rois, dégoûtés sans ou par leur propre faute. Chacun cherchait à se venger de son propre intérêt et donnait des conseils qui les servaient à leur avantage privé, pour lequel ils ne négligeaient rien. Sa Majesté Royale demanda une fois au conseil plénier de présenter à le maître de la Cour ses raisons pour une guerre danoise, ce à quoi Sa Majesté me demanda de répondre et de discuter pour et contre. Il y avait de grandes propositions et de grandes espérances de sa part concernant la facilité de l'affaire, qui ont été pris au mot, que cela soit réalisable ou non.

English translation (my own):

In September and October, the Riksdag was held in Stockholm, each was granted a 5 year discharge and 4 dalers of good coin in two years' time from each completely domestic person to be paid to the Crown, and some other matters were carried out. A committee of the most distinguished Estates was also appointed. Her Royal Majesty herself proposed to them about the Danes, how imprudent they were, that they sided so partisanly with the States and acted hostilely against the English, in that they did not only arrest one of the twenty English merchant ships which gave themselves to the Dutch under the protection of the Danes, but also, when the English came to the Sound with a considerable naval fleet to escort ships to England, they did not want to let them go, and what was worse, they let the ships be stolen and the goods sold. From which enmity the Crown of Sweden could also consequently have the greatest danger; therefore also the Committee of the Estates left Her Royal Majesty and the Council of the Realm in power to prevent this danger, either by war on Denmark, for its security to invade some places that were most important and which would not fall into the hands of others, as the Danes were too weak against the English, or also to conjugate themselves with the Danes under a certain considerable mortgage to subdue their enemy or to prevent his progress; this matter was often discussed in the Council, but for various reasons it did not come to an end.

In the meantime, the state of affairs in all places changed a lot, both in 1652 and 1653. When the Polish vice chancellor came in, so did the court steward of Denmark, Ulfeldt, both from their own kings, disgusted without or through their own fault. Each sought vengeance for his own interest and gave such advice which served them to their private advantage, for which they neglected nothing. Her Royal Majesty once in the whole Council had the court steward present his reasons for a Danish war, to which Her Majesty bade me answer and to discuss both for and against. There were great proposals and hopes from him with the facility of the matter, which were taken at his word, whether it could be done or not.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Hieronym Radziejowski.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Per Brahe.

Monday, December 11, 2023

Excerpt of Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated May 21/31 (Old Style), 1653

Source:

Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, page 349, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
Johan Ekeblad mentions Kristina's sudden reclusiveness in this letter to his father Christoffer Ekeblad, dated May 11/21 (Old Style), 1653:
The letter excerpt:

Den 21de Mai. "Hr. C. Ulfeldt lader sig nu mærke, at han vil bort saasnart hans Helbred det vil tillade; undertiden siger han sig at ville til England, undertiden til Stralsund, eller Riga, hvilket han giører paa det han vil, at man skal ikke vide, hvorhen han drager. Dronningen lader kiøbe et Smykke paa 30,000 Rdlr., som hun vil forære ham til Afsked. — Radziejowsky seiler bort med første gode Vind til Gothenborg, og siger, han vil derfra til England. Dronningen forærede ham 10,000 Rdlr., af hvilke de 4000 Rdlr. vare Reisepenge; de 6000 var Resten af 6 Maaneders Pension; derforuden fik han en Guldkiæde med et Demants Contrefei. — Dronningen lever meget retireret og sees af ingen, uden af sine Favoriter, saa at otte Dage tillige passere, at ikke en Secretarius kan komme hende i Tale. ..."

With modernised spelling:

Den 21. maj. "Hr. C. Ulfeldt lader sig nu mærke, at han vil bort såsnart hans helbred det vil tillade; undertiden siger han sig at ville til England, undertiden til Stralsund, eller Riga, hvilket han gør på det han vil, at man skal ikke vide, hvorhen han drager. Dronningen lader købe et smykke på 30,000 rigsdaler, som hun vil forære ham til afsked. — Radziejowski sejler bort med første gode vind til Gothenborg, og siger, han vil derfra til England. Dronningen forærede ham 10,000 rigsdaler, af hvilke de 4,000 rigsdaler vare rejsepenge; de 6,000 var resten af 6 måneders pension; derforuden fik han en guldkæde med et demantskontrafej. — Dronningen lever meget retireret og ses af ingen, uden af sine favoriter, så at otte dage tillige passere, at ikke en secretarius kan komme hende i tale. ..."

English translation (my own):

May 21. "Lord C. Ulfeldt now shows that he wants to leave as soon as his health will permit; sometimes he says he wants to go to England, sometimes to Stralsund, or Riga, which he does because he does not want anyone to know where he is going. The Queen has bought a piece of jewelry for 30,000 riksdalers, which she wants to give him as a parting gift. — Radziejowski is sailing away with the first good wind to Gothenburg, and says he wants to go from there to England. The Queen has presented him with 10,000 riksdalers, of which the 4,000 riksdalers were traveling money; the 6,000 were the remainder of 6 months' pension; besides this he was given a gold chain with a diamond portrait. — The Queen lives very retired and is seen by no one except by her favourites, so that eight days also go by where not even a secretary can talk to her..."


Above: Kristina.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.

Excerpt from Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated April 23/May 3 (Old Style), 1653

Source:

Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, page 347, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
The letter excerpt:

Den 23de April. "Dronningen er meget vred, at hun er saaledes i Holland udraabt; hun har talt med Mr. Böning derom, og graveret sig over Mr. Kayser, Borgermester af Horn, at han sligt causerer. Duræus haver hidskrevet, at Parlamentet vil unde Holland Fred; men Danmark skulde betale Arresten, giort paa de engelske Skibe, og Parlementet agtede ikke meget, hverken Sverriges alliance eller assistence, efterdi de kunde ikke have stor Nytte deraf. — Den fransøske Ambassadeur Chanut er hidkommen; men drog uden nogen Ceremonier ind. — Hr. C. Ulfeldt vil retirere sig til Riga, at boe, og søge at cureres der. Radziejowski drager ogsaa malcontent bort; han vil holde sig oppe i Holland eller England."

With modernised spelling:

Den 23. april. "Dronningen er meget vred, at hun er således i Holland udråbt; hun har talt med monsieur Beuning derom, og graveret sig over monsieur Kayser, borgermester af Hoorn, at han sligt kauserer. Duræus haver hidskrevet, at Parlamentet vil unde Holland fred; men Danmark skulle betale arresten, gjort på de engelske skibe, og Parlementet agtede ikke meget, hverken Sveriges alliance eller assistance, efterdi de kunne ikke have stor nytte deraf. — Den fransøske ambassadør Chanut er hidkommen; men drog uden nogen ceremonier ind. — Hr. C. Ulfeldt vil retirere sig til Riga, at bo, og søge at kureres der. Radziejowski drager også malkontent bort; han vil holde sig oppe i Holland eller England."

English translation (my own):

April 23. "The Queen is very angry that she has been thus brought into a bad reputation in Holland; she has spoken to Lord Beuning about it and complained to Lord Kayser, the mayor of Hoorn, that he causes such things. Duræus has written here that Parliament wants peace in Holland; but Denmark was to pay the arrest made on the English ships, and the Parliament did not regard much either Sweden's alliance or assistance, as they could not derive much benefit from it. — The French ambassador Chanut has arrived; but entered without any ceremonies. — Lord C. Ulfeldt wants to retire to Riga, to live and seek to be cured there. Radziejowski also goes away malcontent; he wants to stay in Holland or England."


Above: Kristina.


Above: Coenraad van Beuningen.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.

Friday, October 13, 2023

Excerpt and summary of Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated October 2/12 (Old Style), 1652

Sources:

Ny Danske Magazin, indeholdende allehaande Smaa-Stykker og Anmærkninger til Historiens og Sprogets Oplysning: sjette Bind, page 72, published by Royal Danish Society for the History and Language of the Fatherland, 1836
Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, page 338, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
The letter excerpt:

No. 77.
Her Resident,
... Droningen aff Sverrig er udi tractater med Hr. C. W. F. om att ville laane aff ham nogle tønder guld, och erbyder att ville fly ham kobberitt (hvad cronens partt er) till underpant: Radzieiowski haffver nyligen igien faaitt aff Droningen en goed summe penge, ieg troer dett er till reysepenge, for mand er her keed aff ham, och hand er keed aff diße: den natt mellom 25 och 26 septembris kom her illd løs, som fortærede paa Mallmen 104 træbygninger och tre stenhuus. ... ieg forbliffver hermed nest dend allerhøyestis varetegts befalling
Her Residentens
Tienistpligtigste
Peder Juell.
mpp.
Stokholm dend 2 octobris 1652.

With modernised spelling:

No. 77.
Herr resident,
... Dronningen af Sverige er udi traktater med hr. Corfitz Ulfeldt om at ville låne af ham nogle tønder guld, och erbyder at ville fly ham kobberet (hvad Kronens part er) til underpant. Radziejowski haver nyligen igen fået af dronningen en god summe penge; jeg tror det er til rejsepenge, for man er her ked af ham, och han er ked af disse. Den nat mellem 25. och 26. septembris kom her ild løs, som fortærede på Malmen 104 træbygninger och tre stenhus. ... Jeg forbliver hermed næst den Allerhøjestes varetægts befaling
herr residentens
tjenestpligtigste
Peder Juel, manu propria.
Stockholm, den 2. octobris 1652.

Molbech's transcript and summary of the letter:

Den 2. Oct. Her forekommer bl, a. "Dronningen af Sverrige er udi Tractater med Hr. C. Ulfeldt om at ville laane af ham nogle Tønder Guld, og erbyder at ville flye ham Kobberet (hvad Kronens Part er) til Underpant."

With modernised spelling:

Den 2. oktober. Her forekommer bl. a. "Dronningen af Sverige er udi traktater med hr. Corfitz Ulfeldt om at ville låne af ham nogle tønder guld, og erbyder at ville flye ham kobberet (hvad Kronens part er) til underpant."

French translation (my own):

No. 77.
Monsieur le résident,
... La reine de Suède a conclu des traités avec M. Corfitz Ulfeldt pour lui emprunter des barils d'or, et elle propose de lui envoyer le cuivre (qui est la part de la Couronne) en garantie. Radziejowski a récemment encore reçu une belle somme d'argent de la reine; je pense que c'est pour l'argent du voyage, parce que les gens ici sont en colère contre lui et il est en colère contre eux. Dans la nuit du 25 au 26 septembre, un incendie s'est déclenché ici et a ravagé 104 bâtiments en bois et trois maisons en pierre sur la Malm. ... Je reste en vous recommandant au Très-Haut
de Monsieur le résident
le très servile
Pierre Juel, manu propria.
Stockholm, le 22 octobre 1652.

English translation (my own):

No. 77.
My Lord Resident,
... The Queen of Sweden is in treaties with Lord Corfitz Ulfeldt to borrow from him some barrels of gold, and she offers to send him the copper (which is the Crown's share) as collateral. Radziejowski has recently again received a good sum of money from the queen; I think it is for travel money, because people here are upset with him and he is upset with them. On the night between September 25 and 26, a fire broke out here which consumed 104 wooden buildings and three stone houses on the Malm. ... I hereby remain while commending you to the Most High
My Lord Resident's
most servile
Peder Juel, manu propria.
Stockholm, October 22, 1652.

English translation of Molbech's transcript and summary (my own):

October 2. Here, among other things, "the Queen of Sweden is in treaty with Lord Corfitz Ulfeldt to borrow from him some barrels of gold, and she offers to send him the copper (which is the Crown's share) as collateral."

Excerpt and summary of Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated September 11/21 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, pages 336 to 337, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
The letter excerpt:

Den 11. Sept. ... "Den Polske Envoyé Canesilles blev uformodentlig i Dag otte Dage, samme Dag som Dronningen reiste til Strengnæs, depecheret; eftersom Dronningen sagde til ham Dagen tilforn, at han hendes Gienkomst skulde afbie. Ved hans Afsked leverede Dronningen ham et forseglet Brev til Kongen af Polen, og sagde, at veue la conjoncture du temps, da kunde hun sig ikke mod ham resolvere, men remitterede alting til de lybske Tractater."

[Aarsagen hertil var Radziejowskis Intriger; han havde for at modarbeide Canesilles, Dagen tilforn "suborneret nogle Breve af 16de August" da han vidste at den Polske Gesandts Breve vare af den 16de, hvori man tilskrev ham, at Kongen af Polen igien var dødssyg, at alle tvivlede om hans Liv; og naar han døde, vilde R.s Parti vælge Dronn. Christina til Protectrice af Polen, m. m. Canesilles reiste dog ikke, men oppebiede næste Post, og fik da Efterretning, at Kongens Helbred var bedre, Rigsdagen sluttet, og Radziejowsky af alle Stænder erklæret for en Fædrelandsforræder, paa Grund af Breve, han fra Stockholm havde skrevet til Cosakkerne, hvori han forvisser dem om Bistand fra Sverrige, raader dem at sende et Gesandtskab derhen, o. s. v. hvilke Breve man i Polen havde opfanget.]

With modernised spelling:

Den 11. september. ... "Den polske envoyé Canazilles blev uformodentlig i dag otte dage, samme dag som dronningen rejste til Strängnäs, depecheret; eftersom dronningen sagde til ham dagen tilforn, at han hendes genkomst skulle afbie. Ved hans afsked leverede dronningen ham et forseglet brev til kongen af Polen, og sagde, at vue la conjoncture du temps, da kunne hun sig ikke mod ham resolvere, men remitterede alting til de lybske traktater."

[Årsagen hertil var Radziejowskis intriger; han havde for at modarbejde Canazilles, dagen tilforn "suborneret nogle breve af 16. august" da han vidste at den polske gesandts breve vare af den 16., hvori man tilskrev ham, at kongen af Polen igen var dødssyg, at alle tvivlede om hans liv; og naar han døde, ville Radziejowskis parti vælge dronning Kristina til protektrice af Polen, med mindre Canazilles rejste dog ikke, men oppebiede næste post, og fik da efterretning, at kongens helbred var bedre, Rigsdagen sluttet, og Radziejowski af alle Stænder erklæret for en fædrelandsforræder, på Grund af breve, han fra Stockholm havde skrevet til kosakkerne, hvori han forvisser dem om bistand fra Sverige, råder dem at sende et gesandtskab derhen, osv. hvilke breve man i Polen havde opfanget.]

English translation (my own):

September 11. ... "The Polish envoy Canazilles was unexpectedly dispatched today eight days ago, on the same day that the Queen left for Strängnäs, as the Queen told him the day before that he should await her return. On his parting the Queen delivered him a sealed letter for the King of Poland, and said that given the current conjuncture, she could not then resolve against him, but referred everything to the Lübeck treaties."

[The reason for this was Radziejowski's intrigues; in order to oppose Canazilles, the day before he had "suborned some letters of August 16th", as he knew that the Polish envoy's letters were of the 16th, in which they wrote to him that the King of Poland was again deathly ill, that everyone doubted his life; and when he died, Radziejowski's party would choose Queen Kristina as protectress of Poland unless Canazilles did not leave, but held the next post, and he then received information that the King's health was better, the Sejm was ended, and Radziejowski was declared by all the Estates as a  traitor to the fatherland, because of letters he had written from Stockholm to the Cossacks, in which he assures them of assistance from Sweden, advises them to send an embassy there, etc., the which letters had been intercepted in Poland.]

Excerpt and summary of Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated September 4/14 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, page 336, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
The letter excerpt:

Den 4. Sept. ... [Charisius havde en Gieldsfordring paa den afdøde svenske Resident Spiring, og havde forespurgt sig om hans efterladte Formue. Juel troer, den er "meget temmelig" (maadelig); men Dronningen havde lovet hans Enke "en recompence af 30,000 Rdlr. af den revenue, som Spiring havde for sit Licentforvalterskab i Pommern." Han tilføier, at dersom Nogen har rigtige Gieldsbreve fra Spiring, da kan Justitien dem ikke negtes; men Processen er her langsom, og Justitien mestentids partialsk." — Et Sendebud fra Kongen af Polen ankom forrige Uge, for at negociere om at faae at vide, "hvorudi den recompence skal bestaae, som den Kongelige Polske Familie skulde have for at cedere sin Arverettighed til Sverrige." Dronningen er til den gamle Pfalzgreves Begravelse i Strengnæs, hvortil Pimentelli og Radziejowsky ikke kom med; Dronningen havde gierne seet det; men begge undskyldte sig.]

With modernised spelling:

Den 4. september. ... [Charisius havde en gældsfordring på den afdøde svenske resident Spiering, og havde forespurgt sig om hans efterladte formue. Juel tror, den er "meget temmelig" (mådelig); men dronningen havde lovet hans enke "en rekompense af 30,000 rigsdaler af den revenue, som Spiering havde for sit licentforvalterskab i Pommern." Han tilføjer, at dersom nogen har rigtige gældsbreve fra Spiering, da kan justitien dem ikke nægtes; men processen er her langsom, og justitien mestentids partialsk. — Et sendebud fra kongen af Polen ankom forrige uge, for at negociere om at få at vide, "hvorudi den rekompense skal bestå, som den kongelige polske familie skulle have for at cedere sin arverettighed til Sverige." Dronningen er til den gamle pfalzgreves begravelse i Strängnäs, hvortil Pimentelli og Radziejowski ikke kom med; dronningen havde gerne set det; men begge undskyldte sig.]

English translation (my own):

September 4. ... [Charisius had a debt claim on the deceased Swedish resident Spiering and had inquired about his remaining fortune. Juel thinks it is "very moderate"; but the Queen had promised his widow "a recompense of 30,000 riksdalers of the revenue which Spiering had for his license stewardship in Pomerania." He adds that if someone has real promissory notes from Spiering, justice cannot be denied to them; but the process here is slow, and justice most of the time partial. — An emissary from the King of Poland arrived last week, to negotiate to know "wherein the compensation shall consist, which the Polish royal family should have for ceding its right of succession to Sweden." The Queen has been to the old Count Palatine's funeral in Strängnäs, to which Pimentel and Radziejowski did not come; the Queen would have gladly saw it, but they both excused themselves.]

Monday, October 2, 2023

Excerpt from Peder Juel's letter to Peder Charisius, dated August 7/17 (Old Style), 1652

Source:

Bidrag til Dronning Christinas, det svenske Hofs og Corfitz Ulfeldts Historie, i Aarene 1651-1655, af Peder Juul's utrykte Breve til Charisius, article by Christian Molbech in Historisk tidsskrift, volume 5, page 334, published by Den Danske Historiske Forening, 1844
The letter excerpt:

Den 7. Aug. "Hr. Corfitz Ulfeldt er her udi stor Gunst hos Dronningen, og bliver ham af Dronningen communiceret alle de Tidninger, som hidskrives (af de sv. Residenter.) Han og Mr. Radziejowsky og hendes Medicus Bourdelot ere nu de fornemste consiliarii her." ... "Dronningen har affærdiget den forrige Referendarium her af Cancelliet Kock til Warschau med Intercessionsbreve til Kongen af Polen for Radziejowsky." ...

With modernised spelling:

Den 7. august. "Herr Corfitz Ulfeldt er her udi stor gunst hos dronningen, og bliver ham af dronningen kommuniceret alle de tidninger, som hidskrives (af de svenske residenter). Han og monsieur Radziejowski og hendes medikus Bourdelot ere nu de fornemste consiliarii her." ... "Dronningen har affærdiget den forrige referendarium her af kancelliet, Kock, til Warschau med intercessionsbreve til kongen af Polen for Radziejowski." ...

English translation (my own):

August 7. "Lord Corfitz Ulfeldt is here in great favour with the Queen, all the papers that are written here (by the Swedish residents) are communicated to him by the Queen. He and Monsieur Radziejowski and her physician Bourdelot are now the most distinguished councilmen here." ... "The Queen has settled the previous referendarium here of the Chancellery, Kock, to Warsaw with letters of intercession to the King of Poland for Radziejowski."


Above: Kristina.


Above: Corfitz Ulfeldt.


Above: Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Pierre Bourdelot.


Above: King Jan II Kazimierz of Poland.


Above: Peder Charisius.


Above: Peder Juel.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Kristina's letter to Axel Oxenstierna, April 1652

Kristina wrote this letter to Axel Oxenstierna in April 1652. She/he/they asks him, together with the commander-in-chief [Jakob De la Gardie] (while she is in the countryside) to receive the Polish Chancellor [Hieronim Radziejowski] and to investigate ("examine") his project more closely.


Source:

Riksarkivet, Axel Oxenstiernas skrifter och brev

https://sok.riksarkivet.se/oxenstierna?ValdSortering=DatumStigande&PageSize=100&infosida=drottning-kristina&Efternamn=Kristina&Titel=Drottning&hide_clear=true&page=81&postid=ao_4052&tab=post#tab

The letter:

Her Rix Cantzler, Effter Jagh intet Wet om Jagh får leghenhet J Morgon att tala wedh E. så moste iagh recommendera E. En sack giönom denne Sedel. Jagh skule gierna see att J. och fältherren (medan Jagh Wistas på landet) thoghe den Polniske Cantzlern til E. och examinerade hans proiet. han åstundar det sielf, och är nödight att låcka aff honom så myket möglighet. han til biuder sigh att Wila giwa Contentament på alla inkast som honom gioras kunne, Saken är Wichtigh, låter E. Wara henne befalat. Jagh önskar att finna E. Widh got tilstånd Wid min hemkomst.
Christina

The Riksarkivet website's transcript of the letter:

Her Rixcantzler
Effter jagh intet vet om jagh får leghenhet i morgon att tala vedh eder, så moste iagh recommendera eder en sak giönom denne sedel. Jagh skule gierna see att I och fältherren (medan jagh vistas på landet) thoghe den polniske cantzlern til Eder och examinerade hans project. Han åstundar det sielf och är nödight att låcka aff honom så myket möglighet. Han tilbiuder sigh att vila giva contentament på alla inkast som honom giöras kunne, saken är vichtigh, låter eder vara henne befalat. Jagh önskar att finna eder vidh got tilstånd vid min hemkomst.
Christina

With modernised spelling:

Herr Rikskansler,
Efter jag inte vet om jag får lägenhet imorgon att tala vid Eder, så måste jag rekommendera Eder en sak genom denna sedel. Jag skulle gärna se att I och fältherren (medan jag vistas på landet) toge den polniske kanslern till Eder och examinerade hans projekt. Han åstundar det själv, och är nödigt att locka av honom så mycket möjlighet. Han tillbjuder sig att vilja giva kontentement på alla inkast som honom göras kunne. Saken är viktig, låter Eder vara henne befallad. Jag önskar att finna Eder vid gott tillstånd vid min hemkomst.
Kristina.

French translation (my own):

Monsieur le Grand Chancelier du Royaume,
Comme je ne sais pas si j'aurai l'occasion de vous parler demain, je dois vous recommander quelque chose par ce billet. Je voudrais vous voir, ainsi que le maréchal (durant mon séjour à la campagne), vous conduire avec le chancelier polonais et examiner son projet. Il le veut lui-même, et il faut lui tirer le plus d'occasions possible. Il s'offre à vouloir donner contentement sur toutes les objections qu'on peut lui faire. L'affaire est importante, je vous la recommande donc. Je souhaite vous retrouver en bon état à mon retour chez nous.
Christine.

English translation (my own):

Lord Grand Chancellor of the Realm,
As I do not know whether I will get an opportunity to speak to you tomorrow, I must recommend something to you through this note. I should like to see you and the field marshal (while I am staying in the country) take the Polish chancellor to you and examine his project. He desires it himself, and it is necessary to draw from him as much opportunity [as possible]. He offers himself to want to give contentment on all objections that can be made to him. The matter is important, so I recommend it to you. I wish to find you in good condition on my return home.
Kristina.


Above: Kristina.


Above: The Polish chancellor, Hieronim Radziejowski.


Above: Axel Oxenstierna.