Showing posts with label Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Show all posts

Sunday, September 14, 2025

Kristina's coffin opened, in "Tammerfors Aftonblad" newspaper, year 1945

Source:

Drottning Christinas kista i Rom öppnad, article written for Tammerfors Aftonblad, issue 91, page 4, issue of Monday, April 23, 1945; original at the Finnish National Library (Kansalliskirjasto/Nationalbiblioteket)


Tammerfors Aftonblad, 23.04.1945 no 91, s. 4 https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/2295045 Kansalliskirjaston Digitaaliset Aineistot


The article:

Drottning Christinas
kista i Rom öppnad.
Drottning Christinas kista i Petersdomen i Rom har som tidigare nämnts, i samband med en omflyttning nyligen öppnats för första gången sedan Innocentius XII [sic] för 225 år sedan under pompösa former lät gravsätta det kungliga stoftet i påvarnas Pantheon. Genom tillmötesgående av Vatikanmyndigheterna har tidningen meddelat de första bilderna av den svenska drottningen sådan hon återfanns när locket lyftes från den ursprungliga enkla kistan av kastanjeträ. Synen som möter, är en imponerande bild av en drottning på lit de parade, iförd krona, mantel och spira och med ansiktet överraskande väl bevarat under en tunn silvermask. Drottning Christinas verkliga utseende behöver man nu inte längre sväva i tvivelsmål om. Den osäkerhet, som komparativa porträttundersökningar alltid medföra, har avlägsnats genom gravöppningen, vilken skets som ett led i omfattande grävnings- och restaureringsarbeten i Petersdomen. Dessa arbeten, som sprängt genom tidsåldrarna från etruskisk botten i domens djup och upp till Michelangelos mästerverk i kupolen, äro ännu icke slutförda. I sinom tid kommer emellertid hela den väldiga vetenskapliga undersökningen, som följt i restaurerings spår, att publiceras av Vatikanen i ett digert verk, där givetvis även forskningens rön vid öppnandet av drottning Christinas grav komma att i detalj framläggas. I framställningen kommer man att återfinna nämnda bilder, vilka Vatikanmyndigheterna f. ö. jämte uppgifter om gravens öppnande tillställt svenske kronprinsen. Fotografierna togos i närvaro av åtskilliga framstående kulturpersonligheter och höga Vatikanämbetsmän, bl. a. ledaren av de sarkofagflyttningar, som ägt rum under restaureringsarbetena monsignore Kaas.

Den kände Christinaforskaren, arkivrådet fil. dr Ludvig Bååth, erinrar om Nationalmusei Berninibyst av drottningen, som han tillsammans med mästarens byst av Christinas förtrogne, kardinal Azzolino, räddade åt Sverige 1938. »Den anatomiska identiteten mellan Christinabystens och den dödas förunderligt väl bevarade ansikte», skriver dr Bååth, »är slående i varje detalj — sådan konstnären såg Christina, sådan var hon både fysiskt och psykiskt. Detta veta vi nu».

English translation (my own):

Queen Kristina's
coffin in Rome opened.
As previously mentioned, Queen Kristina's coffin in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome has recently been opened for the first time since Innocent XII [sic] had the royal remains buried in the Pantheon of the Popes under pomp 225 years ago. Through the courtesy of the Vatican authorities, the newspaper has announced the first pictures of the Swedish Queen as she was found when the lid was lifted from the original simple coffin made of chestnut wood. The sight that meets is an impressive image of a queen on a lit de parade, wearing a crown, mantle and scepter and with her face surprisingly well preserved under a thin silver mask. Queen Kristina's real appearance now no longer needs to be in doubt. The uncertainty that comparative portrait studies always entail has been removed by the opening of the tomb, which was carried out as part of extensive excavation and restoration work in St. Peter's Basilica. These works, which have spanned the ages from the Etruscan soil in the depths of the cathedral and up to Michelangelo's masterpiece in the dome, are not yet complete. In due course, however, the entire vast scientific investigation that followed in the wake of the restoration will be published by the Vatican in a voluminous work, where of course the findings of the research at the opening of Queen Kristina's grave will also be presented in detail. In the presentation, one will find the aforementioned pictures, which the Vatican authorities previously sent to the Swedish Crown Prince, along with information about the opening of the grave. The photographs were taken in the presence of several prominent cultural figures and high Vatican officials, including the leader of the sarcophagus removals that took place during the restoration work, Monsignor Kaas.

The well-known Kristina researcher, archivist Dr. Ludvig Bååth, recalls the National Museum's Bernini bust of the Queen, which he, together with the master's bust of Kristina's confidant, Cardinal Azzolino, saved for Sweden in 1938. "The anatomical identity between the Kristina bust and the dead woman's wonderfully well-preserved face", writes Dr. Bååth, "is striking in every detail — as the artist saw Kristina, so she was both physically and psychologically. We know this now."

Article on Kristina's coffin being opened, in "Hangö" newspaper, year 1945

Source:

318-årig skönhet i Rom, article written by S. I. P. for Hangö, issue 68, page 3 (Dagskrönikan), issue of Saturday, June 16, 1945; original at the Finnish National Library (Kansalliskirjasto/Nationalbiblioteket)


Hangö, 16.06.1945 no 68, s. 3 https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/2612355 Kansalliskirjaston Digitaaliset Aineistot


The article:

318-årig skönhet
i Rom.
Under en nyligen verkställd restauration av S:t Peterskyrkan i Rom har många intressanta fynd gjorts. Bl. a. öppnades drottning Christinas av Sverige kista för första gången sedan begravningen för 255 år sedan.

Genom filmen och historieböckerna har man fått det intrycket av Christina att hon var en lysande men något högmodig drottning. Fotografier, som tagits vid gravöppnandet, synes bekräfta denna uppfattning. Drottningen ligger skrudad i mantel och krona och har en spira vid sin sida. Ansiktet är täckt med en tunn silvermask. Anletsdragen är häpnadsväckande väl bevarade och ingen synlig mumifiering har ägt rum. De slutna ögonen tyder på att ha varit mycket stora. Näsan är aristokratiskt svängd, och runt munnen dröjer ännu ett drag av trots.

Intresset för denna drottning har i alla tider varit anmärkningsvärt stort. För några år sedan spelade Greta Garbo huvudrollen i en amerikansk film om sin kungliga landsmaninna. Och gav en livfull tolkning av Christinas skiftesrika liv och romantiska äventyr. Unga adelsmän tävlade på sin tid om hennes gunst, och drottningens förhållande till sina rådgivare och utländska sändebud bestämdes icke uteslutande av deras politiska kunnande. Christina hade dock många egenskaper som skapar verklig storhet. Hon var talangfull, ägde starka passioner och brinnande entusiasm för det storslagna och vackra, och många synbarliga bevis på den beundran som regenter och furstar visade Christina finnes ännu bevarade i svenska museer, i form av dyrbara gåvor.

Att drottning Christina levde och dog så långt från sitt fosterland hade sin grund i hennes sympati för katolicism, som medförde att hon abdikerade från den svenska tronen. Hon lämnade Sverige år 1654. Under några år reste hon omkring i Europa och betraktades som en av de förnämsta gästerna vid de utländska hoven. Därefter slog hon sig ned i Rom där hon levde som en drottning i de lärdas värld, instiftade en vitter akademi och förvärvade en storslagen samling av bok- och konstskatter. Som brinnande katolik åtnjöt hon stor aktning i de katolska länderna, och då hon dog i en ålder av 63 år, begrovs hon under högtidliga former i S:t Peterskyrkan i Rom.

Öppnandet av drottning Christinas kista har varit av stort intresse för den ikonografiska forskningen. Nationalmuseum i Stockholm har många porträtt och skulpturer av drottning Christina, men vid jämförelse lämnar de motsägande upplysningar om detaljer i drottningens utseende. Nu har man kunnat fastslå, att en Christinabyst, tillskriven den italienska skulptören Bernini har den mest slående likheten med de fotografier av drottningen som nyligen tagits i Rom.
S. I. P.

English translation (my own):

A 318-year-old beauty
in Rome.
During a recent restoration of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, many interesting discoveries have been made. Among other things, the coffin of Queen Kristina of Sweden was opened for the first time since her burial 255 years ago.

Through the film and history books, one has been given the impression of Kristina that she was a brilliant but somewhat haughty queen. Photographs taken at the tomb opening seem to confirm this view. The Queen lies dressed in a robe and crown and has a scepter at her side. Her face is covered with a thin silver mask. The facial features are astonishingly well preserved, and no visible mummification has taken place. The closed eyes indicate that they were very large. The nose is aristocratically curved, and around the mouth there is still a trace of defiance.

The interest in this queen has always been remarkably great. A few years ago, Greta Garbo played the lead role in an American film about her royal compatriot. And gave a vivid interpretation of Kristina's eventful life and romantic adventures. Young noblemen competed for her favour in her time, and the Queen's relationship with her advisors and foreign envoys was not determined exclusively by their political expertise. However, Kristina had many qualities that create true greatness. She was talented, had strong passions and a burning enthusiasm for the magnificent and beautiful, and many visible proofs of the admiration that rulers and princes showed Kristina are still preserved in Swedish museums, in the form of precious gifts.

The fact that Queen Kristina lived and died so far from her homeland was due to her sympathy for Catholicism, which led her to abdicate the Swedish throne. She left Sweden in 1654. For a few years she travelled around Europe and was considered one of the most distinguished guests at foreign courts. She then settled in Rome, where she lived like a queen in the world of scholars, founded a vast academy and acquired a magnificent collection of books and art treasures. As a fervent Catholic, she enjoyed great respect in Catholic countries, and when she died at the age of 63, she was buried with solemn ceremonies in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

The opening of Queen Kristina's coffin has been of great interest to iconographic research. The National Museum in Stockholm has many portraits and sculptures of Queen Kristina, but when compared they provide contradictory information about details of the Queen's appearance. It has now been determined that a bust of Kristina, attributed to the Italian sculptor Bernini, bears the most striking resemblance to the photographs of the Queen recently taken in Rome.
S. I. P.

Notes: Hangö is the Swedish name for the Finnish town of Hanko, in the southern coast of Finland in the western part of the Uusimaa region.

Kristina died at age 62, not 63.

Friday, September 5, 2025

Biography of Kristina in "The Town and Country Magazine", year 1774, part 8

Source:

The Town and Country Magazine, Or, Universal Repository of Knowledge, Instruction, and Entertainment, volume 6, page 639 (December, 1774), published by Archibald Hamilton, 1774; original at Harvard University


The biography:

She went afterwards to Rome, and her entry into that capital had all the air of a triumph. The pope was desirous that she should consider, what he called, her victory over error, as a more glorious conquest than had ever been gained over the most warlike nations. Several days were spent in feastings, after which she gave herself up entirely to her taste for the belles-lettres, the sciences, and the arts. One day as she admired a marble statue of the cavalier Bernin, representing Truth, a cardinal, and a lover of the concetti, coming up to her, said, "One may truly say, Madam, that never sovereign loved truth so well as you, in appearance." "Because", replied she, "all truths are not of marble."


Above: Kristina.


Above: Pope Alexander VII.

Wednesday, July 9, 2025

Faith Compton Mackenzie on Kristina's journey to Rome, her public conversion in Innsbruck, and her arrival in Rome

Source:

The Sibyl of the North: The Tale of Christina, Queen of Sweden, pages 124 to 136, by Faith Compton Mackenzie, 1931; original scan at the Universal Digital Library


Kristina's letter of October 25/November 4 (New Style), 1655 to Karl Gustav is here:


The account:

CHAPTER VIII
THE ROAD TO ROME
CHARLES GUSTAVUS had not only sent Count Tott to Brussels, but he had given him letters addressed to numerous kings and princes for Christina to present as she passed through their domains. In this he showed that he was not confident of her reception in her altered circumstances. It was a decent but tactless action, and Christina spurned these letters of introduction. Her own glory and fame were passports to the whole world, even, surely she was convinced, to heaven itself when the time came. Montecuculi was sent on ahead with a letter to the Archduke of Innsbrück announcing her intention of staying in that town on her way to Rome.

There was little incident on the journey from Brussels, except a visit from King Charles II of England and the Duke of Gloucester at Königstein. Christina was one of the many ladies Charles had wanted to marry. Whitelock had been shocked to hear herself confirm the rumour of his proposals, but until this moment she had not seen the exiled King. It was observed that when they conversed he uncovered, and remained so throughout the interview, "with great reverence." They talked for two hours.

Through historic Nördlingen she went, and would not stay for banquets offered her, but pressed on, through Frankfurt, Rottenburg, over the Danube to Augsburg. Here she was shown a table at which her father had dined after one of his victories. She shed a few tears for the memory of the great Gustavus Adolphus. But the Alps were in sight, and every day the call of the South became more insistent.

On the 26th of October the ascent of the mountains began, and at Zirla, a little village, she was met in state by the Archduke and Archduchess[,] who conducted her to Innsbrück. Here Monsignor Holstenius had everything prepared for the public reception of Christina into the Church. With him had come Père Malines, who had been one of the disguised visitors to the Court of Stockholm. He was sent to meet the Queen, and explain to her the details of the ceremony as desired by the Pope, and she expressed herself ready to obey the orders of His Holiness with great humility.

On the 3rd of November Innsbrück was en fête for one of the most remarkable ceremonies it had ever seen. Christina, clad in a severe black silk gown with no ornament save a wonderful cross composed of five large diamonds, walked through the carpeted streets to the Cathedral, where she renounced the faith of her fathers. She read her long profession in a clear, deep, emotional voice, kneeling, with the Archduke and Pimentelli beside her, and at the end a Jesuit preached a sermon on the text: "Hearken, O daughter, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people and thy father's house."

Great rejoicings followed this ceremony, and in the evening an Italian musical comedy was played before the Queen. This was considered inappropriate to the solemn occasion, and a sort of apology was offered to Christina for the want of taste of the organizer of the entertainment. Christina, who had thoroughly enjoyed it, replied:

"Gentlemen, it is most appropriate that you should entertain me with a comedy after the farce I played for you this morning."

This remark, so typical of Christina, was seized upon by her enemies and indignantly repudiated by her admirers. No doubt the atmosphere, in spite of the Italian comedy, was hanging rather heavily about her, and it was her pleasure to lighten it. She enjoyed a pageant while it lasted and her profession was sincere, but now that it was over[,] her spirits began to bubble over again. She could not be serious for long, and her reactions were swift, her temperament resilient.

Next day she wrote this letter to Charles Gustavus:

"SIR AND BROTHER, — I have arrived here safely, and I have received the permission and orders of His Holiness to declare myself what I have long been. It is a great happiness to me to obey him; and I prefer the glory of obeying him to ruling over the dominions which are now yours. You should be pleased with this resolution of mine, even though you disapprove of it, because it is so much to your advantage. I assure you that it does not alter my affection for you, nor the love I have for Sweden, which will never change.
Your affectionate sister and friend,
CHRISTINA.
November, 1655."

While the four replicas of her profession were being made, the days were spent in "virtuous recreations", according to her historian Gualdo. The documents were signed by Christina; one she kept herself, one was sent to the Pope, and the other two were placed in the archives of Innsbrück and the Vatican.

And now at last — Italy!

Perhaps the journey from Innsbrück to Rome was the happiest and least troubled period of Christina's life. There was all the joy of anticipation; there was the glorious satisfaction of being the most discussed figure in Europe — a crescendo of gossip was almost audible even as she crossed the Alps. What would the errant Queen do next? Anything was possible. The world was watching for new developments. And a soothing fact was the momentary absence of financial cares. A handsome present from Charles Gustavus towards the expenses of her journey and a huge loan effected in Antwerp solved all present problems. On the 8th of November the company set out, escorted for a few miles by the Archduke and all the nobles of Innsbrück. Over the Brenner pass to Stenzing [sic]; over the clear Adige river to Trent, where the Prince of Trent entertained her with great pomp. The Venetian Republic, having no wish to waste money on useless entertainments, and being engaged on its fifth war against the infidel Turk, had forbidden her and her company to enter the State of Venice, on the pretext of plague in the country they had passed through. They contented themselves with a present of fish, plenty of compliments and good wishes for her journey.

Then across the river Po to Rovere, where the Duke and Duchess of Mantua came to greet her; and here, it is sad to relate, she was also greeted by rain, which fell with tropical violence for two days. In spite of the mud, the usual ceremoney [sic] of descending from their coaches for a formal greeting was observed, the Duke standing bare-headed, and both parties entreating one another to get in out of the rain and mud.

A gorgeous banquet was held in Christina's honour at the Ducal Palace, from which Pimentelli was absent on account of ill-health, and then in pouring rain she set out across the fens for Ferrara. Half-way there she was met by the four nuncios sent from Rome with a Papal brief for her, and a special carriage and travelling-bed to bring her to Rome. Though she had renounced for the moment travelling en cavalier and went in her coach and six English black horses, she was dressed on this occasion in a black velvet cape of masculine cut, with wide collar and grey trimmings.

But what pleased her more than the Papal brief or the travelling-bed was the sight of the Marchese Girolamo Rossetti's wonderful bridge over the Po at Ponte del Largo. It was wide enough for four carriages to pass abreast, rested on forty-six great barcone, and was one of the most beautiful constructions in Europe. A luxurious barge decorated with the arms of the Pope and Christina had been prepared to take her across the river at this point, but she insisted upon going by the bridge, which was immediately lined with soldiery not only to salute the royal party, but to demonstrate the solidity of the structure.

Two days festa for Ferrara! Christina was now in the Papal State, and she sent Montecuculi to Rome with letters of humble thanks to the Pope for his graciousness. Don Luigi Pio di Savoia, brother of one of the nuncios, gave a great banquet for her at Ferrara. Music and painting were discussed. Music, she said, was the ornament of princes, and her favourite artists were Bernini and Pietro di Cortona. On the subject of architecture she declared that St. Peter's in Rome, the Duomo in Milan, and St. Paul's in London were surely the greatest cathedrals, but the latter had, alas, become a stable.

Another glass of wine!

Never had she drunk so much wine as since she came into Italy, but then, never had it tasted so good.

At this there was some respectful drollery. Cardinal Vescovo ventured that in his opinion she drank nothing but water. Two glasses of wine were nothing but due sorsi.

A really amusing banquet, and her first intimate encounter with members of the Sacred College.

Everywhere the same ceremonies greeted Christina. Salvos, fanfares, triumphal arches and fireworks — banquets and special Masses in all the churches. In deference to the great learning of the royal traveller, academies were organized for her amusement, long panegyrics were read by the leading local intellectual lights, and many ladies, no doubt radiant stars in their own ambient, were moved to recite poems in her honour. At Bologna there was a magnificent tournament by the principle nobles and gentlemen of the city in which more than a hundred and fifty lances were broken. This kind of entertainment Christina preferred to second-rate academies. At Faenza specially elaborate preparations had been made for a display of local talent. No fewer than thirty compositions, ecclesiastical and secular, in several languages, were to be recited as spiritual food for Her Majesty after the usual banquet. But no sooner was the banquet finished than Christina rose hurriedly, announcing that she was obliged to continue the journey immediately, though it was late in the evening and no preparations had been made. She had most decidedly not come to Italy to be bored. Whatever her taste may have been in human beings, in intellectual matters she was fastidious.

At Forli she had to endure an academy, but was consoled by the present of a wonderful white horse which she had admired. She set off in full panoply again, astride her horse, and was met by the Governor of Rimini, and it was twilight when the cavalcade entered the Piazza, which was gaily illuminated, and at the doors of the Palazzo Pubblico nobly dressed pages held torches as she passed. On the stairs she found a large company of ladies quaintly attired, who performed solemn and well-rehearsed dances for her before the inevitable academy began.

The next important place was Pesaro, and to Christina it was more important than she guessed. A great company came out to meet her, including the very eminent Cardinal Homodei, Legate of Urbino, with fifty of his Swiss Guards. But more notable even than Cardinal Homodei were two young gentlemen of what Gualdo calls nobiltà conspicua, the Counts Francesco and Ludovico Santinelli, sons of Count Alfonso Santinelli, the first knight of Pesaro.

This fascinating pair of brothers, if not conspicuous for their nobility, were conspicuous in the entertainments arranged for Christina. They first attracted her attention at the festa held in her apartments on the night of her arrival. They opened with a gagliarda, and because they were dancing with capes and swords, Christina begged them to remove both, so that she could see them better. They then danced another gagliarda, which so delighted Christina that she called for a canario. They executed this with delightful grace. Francesco Maria counted among his many accomplishments the making of a verse, and Christina had already been presented with a finely bound volume of his poems, consisting chiefly of praise of herself. After the dancing[,] she supped privately to the music of a violin and lute.

Next day, after hearing Mass in the monastery of St. Catherine, and spending some time with the nuns who were famous for their singing, she lunched publicly with the Cardinal. Here Francesco Santinelli had the honour of serving her. After lunch the Queen was again enchanted by the Santinelli dancing. This time it was a Spanish Cachuca and Ludovico[,] the agile performer. The academy which followed was naturally more sophisticated and amusing than those of the less important cities, the more so as the talents of the Santinellis were again in evidence; for Francesco was responsible for the whole programme, which Christina later declared to be the most diverting entertainment of all her travels. She cannot be blamed for falling a little bit in love with the Santinellis.

At the next point in her journey, Sinigaglia, a ridiculous comedietta[,] was performed by the brothers, which had been written by Francesco in a single night for her amusement.

And this was not the end of the table of their accomplishments. After the comedietta she was curious to see how these two young men sat a horse. There followed a splendid exhibition of horsemanship and swordsmanship before which all her defences fell, and they were, with very few formalities, attached to her suite as gentlemen of the chamber, which is no doubt what they had been playing for.

At Loreto, as soon as Christina saw the cupola of the sanctuary in the distance, she descended from her horse and knelt reverently. Later, she laid at the feet of Our Lady of Loreto a beautiful sceptre and crown set with diamonds and pearls, on one of which the face of the Virgin was clearly visible. This was obviously a symbolical act of homage, but next day when she was asked if she would like to see where the precious objects had been put, she said:

"No, such bagatelles aren't worth looking at."

The gesture was done and finished with.

The rest of the journey was a crescendo of fireworks, rejoicings, rain, mud, and sometimes snow. At Storta, a few miles out of Rome, two cardinals of royal blood headed a great procession that came out to greet her in the name of the Pope. One of the cardinals was Frederick of Hesse, whom Christina had tried to dissuade from joining the Church a few years ago. Though her entrance into Rome was strictly incognito, she was accompanied by an imposing company of cardinals, noblemen, coaches and cavaliers and Pope's Guard. She rode in a state coach and wore her usual grey dress, black cape and no jewellery[,] but a single ring. Rome was reached late in the evening. In spite of the hour[,] a huge crowd waited in the Vatican gardens, and had no compunction in following her into the Vatican itself.

"Is this how one enters Rome incognito?" she asked, laughing.

But the Pope was waiting for her, and soon she was walking between two cardinals through the vast torch-lit galleries of the Vatican, eager to see the only being on earth whom she considered worthy of her homage.

With her hands crossed on her breast[,] she knelt at his feet. For the first time in her life[,] she humbled herself — a new sensation, and for that not to be despised. The Pope, as enthusiastic as she at the meeting and all it implied, raised her and set her beside him under his canopy, a place of honour conceded to few. Thus they conversed for half an hour. This interview, and all subsequent private audiences, were conducted with open doors; Alexander was not going to risk a repetition of the scandal regarding the sainted Gregory VII and Mathilda of Tuscany.

Courtesy seemed to demand that Christina should be invited to spend at least her first night at the Vatican, as her arrival was so untimely and the weather so unpleasant. Fortunately there were the apartments built by Innocent VIII, so far away from His Holiness's own quarters that there was no fear of the slightest embarrassment. Alexander himself had supervised the preparation of the Queen's retreat, which looked upon the magnificent Belvedere gardens. With exquisite sensibility he ordered an inscription under the figure of Tramontano (North wind) to be erased from the Torre de' Venti, for fear she or her people should take it amiss. It was "Omne malum ab aquilone" ["All evil comes from the north."].

Christina was guest at the Vatican for a few days, and the first morning she was up at an early hour — she must have had no more than her usual allowance of three hours' sleep in spite of the physical and mental strain of yesterday. She wandered in the Belvedere gardens with Montecuculi and Monsignore Acarigi, Cup-bearer to His Holiness, conversing in French, and no doubt admiring with interest the incomparable statuary therein. The Rhodian Laocoon had pride of place in those gardens, and in niches to protect them from the weather were many of the glorious statues which are now to be seen only in museums. Fountains were playing[,] and perhaps the sun was shining while Christina walked in the Belvedere gardens with her companions. The "bel vedere" was of Rome, and her short-sighted eyes gazed out with wonder at the city of her desire.

The silver coach, litter and sedan chair designed for her state entry into Rome by Cavaliere Bernini — where could they be seen?

Her curiosity was immediately satisfied. Bernini was sent for. He was probably only just round the corner superintending the great work of his life, St. Peter's Colonnade. He was at any rate at hand, and took Christina to see the Pope's gifts, which were wonderfully designed with elaborate figures and many inventions of the great sculptor. Sky blue velvet and silver galloon were used for the hangings and upholstery, and for the six pure white Neapolitan horses that were to draw the coach there were draperies of the same and silver harness. Christina examined every detail with enthusiasm.

"Whatever is bad about it is my work", said Bernini with affected modesty.

"Then none of it can be yours", she declared.

Now she must see the white saddle-horse the Pope was also giving her. The beautiful animal was led out, and Christina mounted it at once. She proceeded to give a remarkable display of horsemanship, performing some feats bareback[,] to the amazement of the onlookers. A yearly tribute from Naples to the Pope was a chinea — a pure white horse, probably a small breed with an Arab strain, and it was one of these that Christina was finding so responsive, so quick to turn, so lively and mettlesome.

Silver coaches were all very well — anyone could ride in them....

The Vatican library was then explored, and Holstenius, who was librarian, must have shown her treasures she envied, most of all two parchment Virgils of a thousand years ago. Holstenius himself had a collection of rareties, one of the finest in Europe. So Christina's first day in Rome was after her own heart. Her public entry into the city was supposed to take place three days after her arrival, but the preparations were so vast that it had to be postponed. Instead, His Holiness visited Christina in her apartments, and they walked up and down conversing (with curtains and doors wide) in her private room. When he left her, it was observed that she accompanied him to his chair and shut the door of it with her own hands, with many other pretty acts of reverence.

The day of the State entry was a Roman holiday. Bombs and guns resounded from daybreak. But again the weather threatened to spoil everything. In a deluge Christina set out from the courtyard of the Belvedere in the Pope's carriage with her huge following, through the Porta Angelica and outside the gates to the villa built by Giulio III, and there for several hours the vast company waited for the rain to stop. Just when it had been decided to abandon the procession[,] the clouds broke, the sun burst through, everybody cheered up[,] and the great cavalcade started. At the Porta Flaminia, now the Porta del Popolo, the immense procession was met by the College of Cardinals on horseback, and here Cardinal Barberini welcomed her in the name of the community. The gate had been completed by Bernini in her honour after Michael Angelo's original design, to which had been added an inscription commemorating the "happy and joyous entry of Queen Christina" (Felici faustoque ingressi Christina Suecorum Reginæ) A. D. 1655. Over the gate the Papal arms, six hills surmounted by a star, were united with the Vasa sheaf of corn, which was not unlike the fascia of modern Italy.

Bernini's silver coach and litter were notable features of the procession, but they were empty. At the last moment Christina had decided to enter Rome on her white chinea. Bernini's own sentiments on the occasion are not recorded, but Rome was amazed to see the regal convert astride her steed, booted and spurred, as though for the chase instead of her solemn reception into the Catholic fold.

Alexander had impressed upon his cardinals and those about the Vatican that this Queen from the North was not likely to understand Latin ways. Decorum must be strictly observed. No chattering or spitting. Let them beware; the honour of the Church depended greatly upon their behaviour. The steps of St. Peter were lined with cardinals when Christina dismounted in the Piazza and strode up the steps to be received by them. She wore a mantle of black over her grey and gold just-au-corps, grey and gold breeches (some say white) and a huge cavalier's hat[,] heavily plumed.

Whatever the cardinals may have thought about decorum, whatever they may have expected to see, they did not flinch, not even the ancient Gian Carlo and Sforza, who[,] by reason of their years and position[,] were detailed to lead her to the Pope who stood at the High Altar. Here she was received, and the Piazza of St. Peter resounded with the deafening explosions of bombs great and small, while she kissed the toe of His Holiness, and he declared that her conversion was so precious that heaven itself must be en fête.

Two days later, on Christmas Day, she was confirmed, taking the name of Maria Alexander [sic], the latter in deference to the Pope and because Alexander the Great was one of her heroes. Her last day at the Vatican was signalized by an invitation to dine with His Holiness. As the rule forbade his eating at the same board as a woman, they had separate tables, the Pope's being a few inches higher than hers. Likewise[,] his chair of red velvet was slightly more exalted. But she had a royal seat specially made for her, surmounted by a canopy. Don Antonio de la Cueva, her Grand Equerry, and Francesco Santinelli were in attendance on her. Conversation was not necessary, because a sermon was preached by the Jesuit Father Oliva throughout the lengthy repast, during which Christina interpolated a few observations which everyone found brilliant and to the point, but which were not recorded. After dinner they were again in private conversation, and the evening concluded in Christina's apartments with a musical and dramatic entertainment.

Next day, with many regrets expressed on both sides, Christina exchanged the hospitality of the Vatican for Palazzo Farnese.

Life in Rome had begun at last.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Karl Gustav.


Above: Pope Alexander VII.

Saturday, December 7, 2024

Filippo Baldinucci's dedication to Kristina in his biography of the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, dated October 26/November 5 (New Style), 1681

Source:

Vita del cavaliere Gio. Lorenzo Bernini, scultore, architetto e pittore, by Filippo Baldinucci, 1682


Kristina's letter to Baldinucci of April 8/18 (New Style), 1682, praising his biography of Bernini, is here:


The dedication:

SACRA REALE MAESTÀ.
Io credetti sempre vero, Sacra Maestà, anzi verissimo, che di tutto ciò, che fra le felicità mondane agli occhi nostri potè mai comparire appetibile, nulla più desiderabile vi fusse, che l'onore. Conciossiacosachè per esso l'uomo quasi di se medesimo maggiore divenendo, e la stima, e la riverenza degli altri uomini procacciando, possa anche talora a misura della propria riputazione, non pure far più chiara la fama degli Antenati, più ragguardevoli le persone de' Congiunti, più nobile la Posterità; ma più gloriosa eziandio la Patria stessa, che gli die de i natali; ciò che delle ricchezze, e degli altri beni di fortuna non puote addivenire. Ciò supposto, come io dissi, per vero, egli è forza il confessare, che i gran Monarchi (fra i quali la Maestà Vostra sì gloriosamente campeggia) dal Cielo trascelti fra le migliaia, e destinati alle Corone, a i Regni, ed a' quali non solo egli donò la pienezza d'ogni onore, ma volle che questo a loro per legge inevitabile si cõtribuisse da ognuno, non posseggano, nè posseder possano maggior tesoro, onde potere altri arricchire, che l'onore stesso; e perciò debbasi per verità affermare, non essere il più nobile vanto di loro dignità, il più invidiabile, (se pure così è lecito il dire) poter fare altrui ricco, ma il poterlo far onorato. Ma se bene si considera, quali siano l'eccellenze, che fra gli altri rendon più carica la M. V. di questo dono del Cielo, certo si troveranno essere elleno le ammirabili doti della sua mente, e la vasta erudizione del suo lucidissimo intelletto, per cui si è ella tant'oltre avanzata nella venerazione d'ogni persona, che ormai pare, che resti in dubbio, a quale de i nobilissimi attributi di V. M. debbasi il pregio di maggioranza, o al singolarissimo della scienza, o al sublimissimo della Reale condizione. Tutto questo ho io ben considerato; ed all'incontro riflettendo attentamente all'atto di Regia liberalità fatto dalla M V. in approvare soggetto sì scarsi talenti, quale io sono per lo scrivere le azioni del Cav. Gio: Lorenzo Bernino, uomo che fu non solo nella Scultura, Architettura, e Pittura singolare, ma in altre belle facoltà eminente; il che è stato quanto dire, esser piaciuto alla M. V. che si cimenti la mia povera penna a tesser periodi, che servir debbano di materia degli alti pensieri di V. M. Non so bastantemente esplicare la confusione, che io ho provato, e provo in me stesso, mercè l'essermi veduto in possesso di onore il più apprezzabile, che possa mai venirmi dalla mano benigna della M. V. mentre non può negarsi, che quantunque l'opera ingiuntami, a confronto della grandezza del merito di V. M. sia picciola in se stessa, ella però tanto, o quanto non si confaccia, ed abbia cõnessione con la più sublime qualità, che adorni l'animo della M. V. che è l'incessante appetito di nuove, e belle notizie, accomodate ad arricchir sempre più il vastissimo erario del suo alto intelletto. In questo caso mi affliggerebbe non poco la cognizione, ch'io tengo dello scarso valore, che all'opera stessa ha potuto contribuire la mia abilità, se non eccedesse in me di gran lunga la consolazione, che io provo in volger l'occhio della mente all'onore fattomi dalla M. V. in riguardo però di se stessa, e del Regio animo suo, non di me. Siccome avrebbemi la medesima cognizione ritenuto affatto dal sottoporre i miei scritti all'occhio eruditissimo di V. M. se a ciò fare, oltre il di lei benignissimo comandamento, non mi avesse rincorato il sapere, niuna altra cosa per avventura potere io offerirle, che punto meritar potesse il generoso aggradimento della M. V. che il puro, e semplice racconto dell'opere di sì gran Virtuoso, quale fu il Cav. Bernino; la dignità delle quali, per mio avviso, non averà meno forza di tirare a se gli amorevoli sguardi della M. V. di quello sia per avere splendore per annichilare affatto l'oscurità della mia tessitura. Degnisi dunque la M. V. di ricevere questa mia fatica, qualunque ella si sia, in pegno della mia umiliss. e prontiss. ubbidienza; e se a sorte alcuna cosa troverà in essa, che tenga in se alcun merito di approvazione, attribuiscalo V. M. alla propria bontà sua, la quale col degnarsi di onorarmi, prima col farmi porgere per lettera di degnissimo Prelato per tale affare i suoi riveritissimi cenni, e poi col ratificarmi i medesimi colla viva voce, diede a' miei studi vita, fomento, spirito, e vigore alle mie debolezze. E quì prostrato a i piedi di V. M. mi dedico per sempre
Della Sacra Reale Maestà Vostra
Umiliss. Divotiss. e Obbligatiss.
Servidore
Filippo Baldinucci.
Firenze 5.
Nov. 1681.

With modernised spelling:

Sacra Reale Maestà,
Io credetti sempre vero, Sacra Maestà, anzi verissimo che di tutto ciò che fra le felicità mondane agli occhi nostri pote mai comparire appetibile, nulla più desiderabile vi fosse che l'onore. Con ciò sia cosa che, per esso l'uomo quasi di se medesimo maggiore divenendo, e la stima e la riverenza degli altri uomini procacciando, possa anche talora a misura della propria riputazione, non pure far più chiara la fama degli antenati, più ragguardevoli le persone de' congiunti, più nobile la posterità; ma più gloriosa eziandio la Patria stessa, che gli die de i natali, ciò che delle ricchezze e degli altri beni di fortuna non puote addivenire.

Ciò supposto, come io dissi, per vero, egli è forza il confessare che i gran monarchi (fra i quali la Maestà Vostra sì gloriosamente campeggia) dal cielo trascelti fra le migliaia e destinati alle corone, ai regni ed a' quali non solo egli donò la pienezza d'ogni onore, ma volle che questo a loro per legge inevitabile si contribuisse da ognuno, non posseggano, nè posseder possano maggior tesoro, onde potere altri arricchire, che l'onore stesso; e perciò debbasi per verità affermare non essere il più nobile vanto di loro dignità, il più invidiabile (seppure così è lecito il dire) poter fare altrui ricco, ma il poterlo far onorato.

Ma sebbene si considera quali siano l'eccellenze che fra gli altri rendon più carica la Maestà Vostra di questo dono del cielo, certo si troveranno essere elleno le ammirabili doti della sua mente e la vasta erudizione del suo lucidissimo intelletto, per cui si è ella tant'oltre avanzata nella venerazione d'ogni persona che ormai pare, che resti in dubbio, a quale de i nobilissimi attributi di Vostra Maestà debbasi il pregio di maggioranza o al singolarissimo della scienza, o al sublimissimo della reale condizione.

Tutto questo ho io ben considerato; ed all'incontro, riflettendo attentamente all'atto di regia liberalità fatto dalla Maestà Vostra in approvare soggetto sì scarsi talenti, quale io sono per lo scrivere le azioni del cavaliere Giovanni Lorenzo Bernino, uomo che fu non solo nella scultura, architettura e pittura singolare, ma in altre belle facoltà eminente; il che è stato quanto dire, esser piaciuto alla Maestà Vostra che si cimenti la mia povera penna a tesser periodi che servir debbano di materia degli alti pensieri di Vostra Maestà.

Non so bastantemente esplicare la confusione che io ho provato, e provo in me stesso, merce l'essermi veduto in possesso di onore il più apprezzabile, che possa mai venirmi dalla mano benigna della Maestà Vostra mentre non può negarsi che quantunque l'opera ingiuntami, a confronto della grandezza del merito di Vostra Maestà, sia picciola in se stessa, ella però tanto, o quanto non si confaccia, ed abbia connessione con la più sublime qualità che adorni l'animo della Maestà Vostra, che è l'incessante appetito di nuove e belle notizie, accomodate ad arricchir sempre più il vastissimo erario del suo alto intelletto.

In questo caso mi affliggerebbe non poco la cognizione ch'io tengo dello scarso valore che all'opera stessa ha potuto contribuire la mia abilità, se non eccedesse in me di gran lunga la consolazione che io provo in volger l'occhio della mente all'onore fattomi dalla Maestà Vostra in riguardo però di se stessa e del regio animo suo, non di me.

Siccome avrebbemi la medesima cognizione ritenuto affatto dal sottoporre i miei scritti all'occhio eruditissimo di Vostra Maestà se a ciò fare oltre il di lei benignissimo comandamento, non mi avesse rincorato il sapere, niuna altra cosa per avventura potere io offerirle che punto meritar potesse il generoso aggradimento della Maestà Vostra che il puro e semplice racconto dell'opere di sì gran virtuoso quale fu il cavaliere Bernino; la dignità delle quali, per mio avviso, non avrà meno forza di tirare a se gli amorevoli sguardi della Maestà Vostra di quello sia per avere splendore per annichilare affatto l'oscurità della mia tessitura.

Degnisi dunque la Maestà Vostra di ricevere questa mia fatica, qualunque ella si sia, in pegno della mia umilissima e prontissima ubbidienza; e se a sorte alcuna cosa troverà in essa che tenga in se alcun merito di approvazione, attribuiscalo Vostra Maestà alla propria bontà sua, la quale col degnarsi di onorarmi, prima col farmi porgere per lettera di degnissimo prelato per tale affare i suoi riveritissimi cenni, e poi col ratificarmi i medesimi colla viva voce, diede a' miei studi vita, fomento, spirito e vigore alle mie debolezze. E qui, prostrato ai piedi di Vostra Maestà, mi dedico per sempre
della Sacra Reale Maestà Vostra
umilissimo, divotissimo e obbligatissimo servitore
Filippo Baldinucci.
Firenze, 5 novembre 1681.

French translation (my own):

Majesté Royale Sacrée,
J'ai toujours cru vrai, Majesté Sacrée, et même très vrai, que de toutes les félicités mondaines qui puissent jamais paraître désirables à nos yeux, il n'y en a aucune plus désirable que l'honneur. Car par lui un homme, devenant presque plus grand que lui-même et se procurant l'estime et la révérence des autres hommes, peut aussi quelquefois, à proportion de sa propre réputation, rendre non seulement la renommée de ses ancêtres plus illustre, la personne de ses parents plus remarquable, sa postérité plus noble, mais encore la patrie elle-même, qui l'a donné naissance, plus glorieuse, ce qui ne peut être obtenu par les richesses et autres biens de la fortune.

Cela dit, comme je l'ai dit, il faut avouer que les grands monarques (parmi lesquels Votre Majesté se distingue si glorieusement) choisis par le ciel entre mille et destinés aux couronnes et aux royaumes, et à qui il a non seulement donné la plénitude de tous les honneurs, mais a voulu que cela leur soit apporté par une loi inévitable de tous, qu'ils ne possèdent pas, et ne peuvent posséder, un plus grand trésor par lequel ils puissent enrichir les autres que l'honneur lui-même; et par conséquent il faut affirmer en vérité que ce n'est pas la plus noble fierté de leur dignité, la plus enviable (s'il est même permis de le dire) de pouvoir rendre un autre homme riche, mais de pouvoir le rendre honoré.

Mais si l'on considère quelles sont les excellences qui, entre autres, rendent Votre Majesté la plus chargée de ce don du ciel, on trouvera certainement que ce sont les dons admirables de son esprit et la vaste érudition de son intellect le plus lucide, par lesquels elle a tellement avancé dans la vénération de chaque personne, qu'il semble maintenant qu'il reste un doute sur lequel des plus nobles attributs de Votre Majesté la plus grande valeur est due, ou aux attributs les plus singuliers de sa science, ou aux attributs les plus sublimes de sa condition royale.

J'ai soigneusement considéré tout cela; et d'autre part, réfléchissant attentivement à l'acte de générosité royale accompli par Votre Majesté en approuvant un sujet aussi peu doué que moi en écrivant les actions du cavalier Jean-Laurent Bernin, un homme qui était non seulement singulier en sculpture, en architecture et en peinture, mais éminent dans d'autres belles facultés; c'est-à-dire qu'il a plu à Votre Majesté que ma pauvre plume soit employée à tisser des périodes qui devraient servir de matière aux hautes pensées de Votre Majesté.

Je ne puis assez expliquer la confusion que j'ai éprouvée et que j'éprouve encore en moi-même, grâce à m'être vu en possession du plus appréciable honneur qui puisse jamais me venir de la main bienveillante de Votre Majesté; tandis qu'on ne peut nier que, quoique l'œuvre qui m'est prescrite, comparée à la grandeur du mérite de Votre Majesté, soit petite en elle-même, elle n'en est pas moins tout autant, ou plus, propre et en rapport avec la qualité la plus sublime qui orne l'âme de Votre Majesté, qui est l'appétit incessant de nouvelles et belles nouvelles, propres à enrichir toujours davantage le vaste trésor de sa haute intelligence.

Dans ce cas, je serais bien affligé de la connaissance que j'ai du peu de valeur que mon talent aurait pu apporter à l'œuvre elle-même, si la consolation que j'éprouve en tournant les yeux vers l'honneur que Votre Majesté m'a fait ne dépassait de beaucoup en moi, cependant, en considération de Votre Majesté et de votre âme royale, non de moi.

Car la même connaissance m'aurait empêché de soumettre mes écrits aux yeux les plus érudits de Votre Majesté, si, outre votre commandement le plus bienveillant, la science ne m'y avait pas encouragé, je ne pourrais peut-être rien vous offrir d'autre qui mérite en quelque manière la généreuse approbation de Votre Majesté, que le récit pur et simple des œuvres d'un homme aussi grand et vertueux que le fut le cavalier Bernin; la dignité de ces œuvres n'aura pas moins, à mon avis, de pouvoir d'attirer les regards amoureux de Votre Majesté, que sa splendeur n'aura d'anéantir complètement l'obscurité de mon récit.

Que Votre Majesté daigne donc recevoir cet ouvrage, quel qu'il soit, comme un gage de ma très humble et très prompte obéissance; et si par hasard elle y trouve quelque chose qui ait en soi quelque mérite d'approbation, qu'elle l'attribue à sa propre bonté, qui, en daignant m'honorer en me faisant d'abord présenter ses vœux les plus révérés à cet égard par lettre d'un très digne prélat, et en me les ratifiant ensuite de vive voix, a donné vie, encouragement, élan et vigeur à mes faiblesses. Et ici, prosterné aux pieds de Votre Majesté, je me consacre pour toujours
de Votre Sacrée Majesté Royale
le très humble, très dévoué et très obligé serviteur
Philippe Baldinucci.
Florence, le 5 novembre 1681.

Swedish translation (my own):

Heliga Kungliga Majestät,
Jag har alltid trott att det är sant, Heliga Majestät, förvisso det mest sanna, att av alla de världsliga glädjeämnen som någonsin kunde framstå som önskvärda för våra ögon, fanns det inget mer önskvärt än ära. Ty därigenom kan en man, som nästan blir större än sig själv och skaffar andra människors aktning och vördnad, också ibland, i proportion till sitt eget rykte, göra inte bara sina förfäders berömmelse mer berömmande, utan även hans släktingars personer mer anmärkningsvärda, hans efterkommande ädlare; men även själva Fäderneslandet, som födde honom, härligare, hvilket icke kan uppnås genom rikedom och andra lyckogodheter.

Med detta sagt, som jag har sagt, måste det erkännas att de stora monarker (bland vilka Ers Majestät utmärker sig så härligt) utvalda av himlen bland tusentals och avsedda för kronor och riken, och till vilka det inte bara gav fullheten av varje ära, men ville att detta skulle tillföras dem genom en oundviklig lag från alla, som de inte äger eller kan äga en större skatt genom vilken de kan berika andra än att hedra sig själv; och därför måste det verkligen bekräftas att det inte är den ädlaste skryten av deras värdighet, den mest avundsvärda (om det ens är tillåtet att säga så) att kunna göra en annan man rik, utan att kunna göra honom ärad.

Men om man betänker vilka förträffligheter som bland andra gör Ers Majestät mest lastad med denna gåva från himlen, så kommer man säkerligen att finna att de är Ert sinnes beundransvärda gåvor och Ert mest klarsynta intellekts väldiga lärdom, genom vilken Ni har kommit så långt i vördnaden för varje person att det nu verkar som om det fortfarande råder tvivel om vilken av Ers Majestäts ädlaste egenskaper majoritetsvärdet beror på, eller till de mest sällsynta av Er kunskap, eller till de mest sublima av Ert kungliga tillstånd.

Allt detta har jag noga övervägt; och å andra sidan, uppmärksamt reflekterande över den kungliga generositetshandling som Ers Majestät gjorde när Ni godkände ett ämne med så ringa talanger som jag skriver om kavaljeren Giovanni Lorenzo Berninis handlingar, en man som inte bara var enastående i skulptur, arkitektur och måleri, men framstående inom andra fina fakulteter; vilket var att säga, det var behagligt för Ers Majestät att min fattiga penna skulle användas i att väva perioder som skulle tjäna som material för Ers Majestäts höga tankar.

Jag kan inte tillräckligt beskriva den förvirring som jag har känt och fortfarande känner i mig själv tack vare att jag har sett mig i besittning av den mest uppskattade ära som någonsin kan komma mig från Ers Majestäts godartade hand, medan det inte kan förnekas att även om verket som ålagts mig, jämfört med storheten i Ers Majestäts förtjänst, är liten i sig, den är likväl lika mycket, eller mer, lämpad för och har samband med den mest sublima egenskapen som pryder Ers Majestäts själ, som är den oupphörliga aptiten på nya och vackra nyheter, anpassade för att allt mer berika Ert höga intellekts väldiga skattkammare.

I detta fall skulle jag i hög grad drabbas av den kunskap jag har om det ringa värde som min förmåga kunde ha bidragit till själva arbetet om den tröst jag känner att vända mitt sinne mot den ära som Eders Majestät har gjort mig överträffa i mig dock med hänsyn till Ers Majestät och Er kungliga själ, inte på mig.

Eftersom samma kunskap skulle ha hindrat mig från att överlämna mina skrifter till Ers Majestäts mest kunniga öga om inte kunskapen utöver Ert godartade befallning hade uppmuntrat mig att göra det, kunde jag kanske inte erbjuda Er något annat som på något sätt skulle förtjäna Ers Majestäts generösa godkännande än den rena och rena berättelsen om verken av en så stor dygdig man som kavaljeren Bernini var; vars värdighet, enligt min mening, kommer att ha inte mindre kraft att locka Ers Majestäts kärleksfulla blickar än dess prakt kommer att behöva fullständigt utplåna min berättelses dunkel.

Må Ers Majestät därför värdigas ta emot detta mitt verk, vad det än må vara, som ett löfte om min ödmjukaste och snabbaste lydnad; och om Ni av en slump finner något däri som i sig har någon förtjänst av godkännande, må Ers Majestät tillskriva det Er egen vänlighet, som genom att förtjäna att hedra mig först genom att låta mig framföra Era högstvördade önskningar i denna fråga genom brev av en högstvärdig prelat, och sedan genom att ratificera densamma till mig muntligen, har Ni givit liv, uppmuntran, ande och styrka åt mina svagheter. Och här, nedböjande vid Ers Majestäts fötter, ägnar jag mig för evigt som
Ers Heliga Kungliga Majestäts
ödmjukaste, hängivnaste och mest förpliktade tjänare
Filippo Baldinucci.
Florens, den 5 november 1681.

English translation (my own):

Sacred Royal Majesty,
I have always believed it to be true, Sacred Majesty, indeed most true, that of all the worldly felicities that could ever appear desirable to our eyes, there was nothing more desirable than honour. For by it a man, becoming almost greater than himself, and procuring the esteem and reverence of other men, can also sometimes, in proportion to his own reputation, make not only the fame of his ancestors more illustrious, the persons of his relatives more notable, his posterity more noble; but also the Fatherland itself, which gave him birth, more glorious, which cannot be achieved by riches and other goods of fortune.

This being said, as I have said, it must be admitted that the great monarchs (among whom Your Majesty stands out so gloriously) chosen by Heaven from among thousands and destined for crowns and kingdoms, and to whom it not only gave the fullness of every honour, but wanted this to be contributed to them by an inevitable law from everyone, that they do not possess, nor can they possess, a greater treasure by which they can enrich others than honour itself; and therefore it must be truly affirmed that it is not the noblest boast of their dignity, the most enviable (if it is even permissible to say so) to be able to make another man rich, but to be able to make him honoured.

But if one considers what are the excellences that, among others, make Your Majesty most laden with this gift from Heaven, it will certainly be found that they are the admirable gifts of your mind and the vast erudition of your most lucid intellect, by which you have advanced so far in the veneration of every person that it now seems that it remains in doubt as to which of the most noble attributes of Your Majesty the majority value is due, or to the most singular attributes of your knowledge, or to the most sublime attributes of your royal condition.

All this I have carefully considered; and on the other hand, reflecting attentively on the act of royal generosity made by Your Majesty in approving a subject of such scant talents as I am in writing the actions of the cavalier Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, a man who was not only singular in sculpture, architecture and painting, but eminent in other fine faculties; which was to say, it was pleasing to Your Majesty that my poor pen should be employed in weaving periods that should serve as material for Your Majesty's lofty thoughts.

I cannot sufficiently explain the confusion that I have felt, and still feel in myself, thanks to having seen myself in possession of the most appreciable honour that can ever come to me from Your Majesty's benign hand, while it cannot be denied that although the work enjoined upon me, compared to the greatness of Your Majesty's merit, is small in itself, it nevertheless is as much, or more, suited to and has connection with the most sublime quality that adorns Your Majesty's soul, which is the incessant appetite for new and beautiful news, adapted to enrich ever more the vast treasury of your high intellect.

In this case, I would be greatly afflicted by the knowledge I have of the scant value that my ability could have contributed to the work itself if the consolation I feel in turning my mind's eye to the honour done to me by Your Majesty did not far exceed in me, however, in consideration of Your Majesty and of your royal soul, not of me.

Because the same knowledge would have kept me from submitting my writings to Your Majesty's most erudite eye if, in addition to your most benign command, knowledge had not encouraged me to do so, I could perhaps offer you nothing else that would in any way merit Your Majesty's generous approval than the pure and simple narrative of the works of so great a virtuous man as was the cavalier Bernini; the dignity of which works, in my opinion, will have no less power to attract the loving glances of Your Majesty than its splendour will have to completely annihilate the obscurity of my narrative.

May Your Majesty therefore deign to receive this my work, whatever it may be, as a pledge of my most humble and most prompt obedience; and if by chance you find anything in it that holds in itself any merit of approval, may Your Majesty attribute it to your own kindness, which, by deigning to honour me first by having me present your most revered wishes for this matter by letter of a most worthy prelate, and then by ratifying the same to me by mouth, has given life, encouragement, spirit and strength to my weaknesses. And here, prostrate at the feet of Your Majesty, I dedicate myself forever as
Your Sacred Royal Majesty's
most humble, most devoted and most obliged servant
Filippo Baldinucci.
Florence, November 5, 1681.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Gian Lorenzo Bernini.


Above: Filippo Baldinucci.

Sunday, April 30, 2023

Excerpt from Urbain Chevreau's letter to Monsieur de Saint-Martin, dated April 26/May 6 (New Style), 1687

Sources:

Œuvres meslées de Monsieur Chevreau, volume 1, page 100, published by Adrian Moetjens, 1697


Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, page 491, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751; original at the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek)


The letter:

... Dés les premiers jours que la Reine Christine fût à Rome, Alexandre VII. du nom, lui donna quelques Cardinaux pour l'accompagner, & pour la conduire dans tous les endroits qui sont remarquables par leurs tableaux & par leurs statuës. Parmi ces dernieres elle en vit une du Cavalier Bernini, qui represente la Verité, elle la loüa fort; & s'écria trois ou quatre fois, «O la belle chose!» Un Cardinal qui apparement se piquoit de bel esprit, & qui ne devoit pas être ennemi des Allegories & des Equivoques, prit occasion de s'écrier à son tour; «O Madame, Dieu soit loüé, que vôtre Majesté aime la Verité, que les personnes de sa naissance ne peuvent souffrir.» «Je le croi bien», repartit la Reine dans le même instant, «toutes les veritez ne sont pas de marbre.» ...
A Loudun le 6. de
May 1687.

With modernised spelling:

... Dès les premiers jours que la reine Christine fut à Rome, Alexandre VII du nom, lui donna quelques cardinaux pour l'accompagner et pour la conduire dans tous les endroits qui sont remarquables par leurs tableaux et par leurs statues. Parmi ces dernières, elle en vit une du cavalier Bernini, qui représente la Vérité. Elle la loua fort et s'écria trois ou quatre fois: «Ô, la belle chose!»

Un cardinal, qui apparement se piquait de bel esprit, et qui ne devait pas être ennemi des allegories et des équivoques, prit occasion de s'écrier à son tour: «Ô Madame, Dieu soit loué que Votre Majesté aime la Vérité, que les personnes de sa naissance ne peuvent souffrir.»

«Je le crois bien», repartit la reine dans le même instant; «toutes les vérités ne sont pas de marbre.» ...
A Loudun, le 6 de mai 1687.

Swedish translation (my own):

... Från de första dagarna som drottning Kristina var i Rom, gav Alexander VII henne några kardinaler för att följa med henne och föra henne till alla de platser som är märkliga för sina målningar och sina statyer. Bland de senare såg hon en av kavaljer Bernini, som representerar Sanningen. Hon berömde den högt och utbrast tre eller fyra gånger: »Åh, vad vackert!«

En kardinal, som tydligen pikerade sig av kvickhet, och som inte måste ha varit en fiende till allegorier och oklarheter, passade på att i sin tur utbrista: »Åh madam, Gud vare prisad att Ers Majestät älskar Sanningen, som människor av Er börde kan inte tåla.«

»Jag tror det väl«, svarade drottningen i samma ögonblick. »Alla sanningar är ju inte av marmor.« ...
Loudun, den 6 maj 1687.

English translation (my own):

... From the first days that Queen Kristina was in Rome, Alexander VII gave her some cardinals to accompany her and to conduct her to all the places which are remarkable for their paintings and their statues. Among the latter, she saw one of the cavaliere Bernini, which represents the Truth. She praised it loudly and exclaimed three or four times, "Oh, how lovely!"

A cardinal, who apparently piqued himself on wit, and who must not have been an enemy of allegories and ambiguities, took the opportunity to exclaim in his turn: "Oh Madame, God be praised that Your Majesty loves the Truth, which the people of your birth cannot suffer."

"I believe it", replied the Queen at the same moment. "Not all truths are of marble." ...
Loudun, May 6, 1687.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Urbain Chevreau.

Urban Chevreau's anecdotes on Kristina, years 1649, 1655 and possibly 1656

Sources:

Chevræana, où Diverses Pensées d'Histoire, de Critique, d'Erudition, & de Morale, pages 24 to 25, by Urbain Chevreau, 1700


Chevræana, in Nouvelle de la république des lettres: Juin 1700, page 671, published by Jacques Bernard, 1700 (reprinted by Slatkine Reprints in 1966)


Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, page 491 and footnote (*/1), Johan Arckenholtz, 1751; original at the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek)


Christina of Sweden, page 138, by Ida Ashworth Taylor, 1909


The Sibyl of the North: The Tale of Christina, Queen of Sweden, pages 125 to 126, by Faith Compton Mackenzie, 1931



Från stoicism till mystik: Studier i drottning Kristinas maximer, pages 153 to 154, by Sven Stolpe, 1959’

Christina, Queen of Sweden: The Restless Life of a European Eccentric, page 177, by Veronica Buckley, 2004

The anecdotes:

Quand les Anglois eurent fait couper la tête au Roy Charles, la Reine Christine fut informée de cette action extraordinaire par des lettres; & les ayant lûës, dit publiquement: «Les Anglois ont fait trancher la tête à leur Roy qui n'en faisoit rien, & ils ont bien fait.» Cette Reine le dit dans un temps où elle negligeoit toutes les affaires, où elle avoit perdu l'amour de ses peuples, par ses liberalitez mal menagées, où les Prêtres n'épargnoient dans leurs Sermons, ni son irreligion, ni son caractere.

La même Reine fit à Inspruch, l'abjuration publique de la Religion Lutherienne, & on la regala de la Comedie l'aprés-dînée: «Meßieurs», dit-elle, à des personnes du premier ordre, qui avoient assisté à son changement de Religion, & qui n'étoient là envoyez que pour chercher tous les moyens de la divertir; «il est bien juste que vous me donniez la Comedie, aprés vous avoir donné la Farce.»

Cette même Reine étant à Rome, le Pape luy donna des Cardinaux pour l'accompagner dans l'empressement qu'elle témoignoit de voir les tableaux & les statuës. Il y en eut une du Cavalier Bernini, de marbre blanc, qui representoit la Verité, qui luy plut, & qui en effet est admirable pour le moderne. Un Cardinal qui s'approcha d'elle, & qui se piquoit vray-semblablement de bel esprit, parce que l'on aime les équivoques en Italie, luy dit, en s'approchant un peu plus prés, «Madame, Dieu soit loüé que vous ayez de l'amour pour la Verité que les Têtes couronnées ne peuvent souffrir.» «Je le croy bien», répondit la Reine, «toutes les Veritez ne sont pas de marbre.»

With modernised spelling:

Quand les Anglais eurent fait couper la tête au roi Charles, la reine Christine fut informée de cette action extraordinaire par des lettres; et, les ayant lues, dit publiquement: «Les Anglais ont fait trancher la tête à leur roi, qui n'en faisait rien, et ils ont bien fait.»

Cette reine le dit dans un temps où elle négligeait toutes les affaires, où elle avait perdu l'amour de ses peuples, par ses libéralités mal menagées, où les prêtres n'épargnaient dans leurs sermons ni son irreligion, ni son caractère.

La même reine fit à Innsbruck l'abjuration publique de la religion luthérienne, et on la régala de la comédie l'après-dînée. «Messieurs», dit-elle à des personnes du premier ordre, qui avaient assisté à son changement de religion et qui n'étaient là envoyés que pour chercher tous les moyens de la divertir, «il est bien juste que vous me donniez la comédie après vous avoir donné la farce.»

Cette même reine étant à Rome, le pape lui donna des cardinaux pour l'accompagner dans l'empressement qu'elle témoignait de voir les tableaux et les statues. Il y en eut une du cavalier Bernini, de marbre blanc, qui représentait la Vérité, qui lui plut, et qui en effet est admirable pour le moderne. Un cardinal qui s'approcha d'elle et qui se piquait vrai-semblablement de bel esprit, parce que l'on aime les équivoques en Italie, lui dit, en s'approchant un peu plus près: «Madame, Dieu soit loué que vous ayez de l'amour pour la Vérité que les têtes couronnées ne peuvent souffrir.»

«Je le crois bien», répondit la reine, «toutes les Vérités ne sont pas de marbre.»

Swedish translation (my own):

När engelsmännen låtit hugga av konung Karls huvud, underrättades drottning Kristina om denna utomordentliga handling genom brev; och efter att ha läst dem, sade han offentligt: ​​»Engelsmännen har fått huvudet av sin kung avhugget, som inte gjorde någonting, och de har gjort det bra.«

Denna drottning sade det där i en tid då hon försummade alla angelägenheter, då hon förlorat kärleken till sitt folk genom sina illa skötta liberaliteter, då prästerna varken skonade hennes irreligion eller karaktär i sina predikningar.

Samma drottningen i Innsbruck avböjde offentligt den lutherska religionen, och hon hyllades av komedin efter middagen. »Mina herrar«, sade hon till personer av första ordningen som hade sett hennes religionsbyte och som bara skickades dit för att söka alla sätt att underhålla henne, »det är bara rätt att ni ger mig en komedi efter att jag har gett er en  fars.«

Samma drottning som var i Rom, gav påven hennes kardinaler att följa med henne i hennes iver att se målningarna och statyerna. Det fanns en av kavaljer Bernini, av vit marmor, som representerade Sanningen, som behagade henne, och som verkligen är beundransvärd för den moderna. En kardinal som närmade sig henne och som förmodligen pikerade sig av god espri, eftersom man gillar oklarheter i Italien, sade till henne och närmade sig lite närmare: »Madam, Gud vare prisad att Ni har kärlek till Sanningen som krönta huvuden inte kan tåla.«

»Jag tror det väl«, svarade drottningen. »Alla Sanningar är ju inte av marmor.«

English translation (my own):

When the English had had King Charles's head cut off, Queen Kristina was informed of this extraordinary action by letters; and, having read them, said publicly: "The English have had the head of their King cut off, who did not do anything, and they have done well."

This Queen said so at a time when she neglected all affairs, when she had lost the love of her people by her ill-managed liberalities, when the priests spared neither her irreligion nor her character in their sermons.

The same Queen at Innsbruck publicly abjured the Lutheran religion, and she was regaled with the comedy after luncheon. "Gentlemen", she said to persons of the first order who had witnessed her change of religion and who were only sent there to seek every means of entertaining her, "it is only right that you give me a comedy  after I have given you a farce."

This same Queen being in Rome, the Pope gave her cardinals to accompany her in her eagerness to see the paintings and statues. There was one by the cavaliere Bernini, of white marble, which represented the Truth, which pleased her, and which is indeed admirable for the modern. A cardinal who approached her and who probably piqued himself of good wit, because one likes ambiguities in Italy, said to her, approaching a little closer: "Madame, God be praised that you have love for the Truth that crowned heads cannot suffer."

"I believe it," replied the Queen. "Not all Truths are of marble."


Above: Kristina.


Above: Urbain Chevreau.

Monday, September 12, 2022

Kristina's letter to Procurator Angelo Morosini, recommending him the interests of Marquis Lucatelli, dated April 11, 1676

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, reine de Suède, volume 4, page 17, compiled and edited by Johan Arckenholtz, 1760


Drottning Kristina: Efter tronavsägelsen, page 136, by Sven Stolpe, 1961

The letter:

Le 11. Avril 1676.
Monsieur le Procureur Angelo Morosini, on est persuadé que vous êtes assez de mes amis, pour prendre en quelque considération les intérêts de ceux que je vous recommande; & c'est ce qui vous attire cette Lettre, que l'on m'a demandée en faveur du Marquis Lucatelli, qui se trouve avoir un procès à Venise, & qui souhaite votre protection, dont je le crois digne; car quoique sa personne me soit inconnue, l'intérêt que le Chevalier Bernini prend en tout ce qui le touche, m'oblige de vous prier instamment de le favoriser. J'ai tant d'estime pour la personne dudit Bernini, que j'embrasse avec joie toutes les occasions qui se présentent de favoriser un homme, qui s'est rendu le plus grand & le plus illustre qu'il y ait jamais eu dans sa profession, & que je ne puis m'empêcher par-là de vous importuner pour l'intérêt d'une personne qui lui est si chére. Je vous prie d'être persuadé qu'en favorisant le Marquis Lucatelli, vous m'obligerez d'une maniére qui me sera très-agréable; ajoutez-y que je suis ravie d'avoir cette occasion de vous assurer de l'état que je fais de votre personne, priant Dieu qu'il vous tienne en sa sainte garde.
Christina Alexandra.

Swedish translation (my own):

Den 11 april 1676.
Signor prokurator Angelo Morosini,
Man är övertygad om att Ni är tillräckligt min vän för att ta hänsyn till intressena hos dem som jag rekommenderar Er; och det är det som lockar Er till detta brev, som jag har blivit ombedd till förmån för markisen Lucatelli, som råkar ha en rättegång i Venedig, och som önskar Ert skydd, som jag anser honom värdig; ty, fastän hans person är okänd för mig, tvingar det intresse som cavaliere Bernini tar på allt som rör honom, mig att uppriktigt be Er att gynna honom. Jag har så mycket aktning för personen av nämnda Bernini att jag med glädje omfamnar varje tillfälle som bjuder sig att gynna en man som har gjort sig själv till den största och mest lysande som någonsin funnits i hans yrke, och som jag inte kan förhindra mig själv från att mana Er för intresset hos en person som är honom så kär. Jag ber Er att vara övertygad om att Ni, genom att gynna markisen Lucatelli, kommer att förplikta mig på ett sätt som kommer att vara mycket angenämt för mig; lägg till detta att det gläder mig att få denna möjlighet att försäkra Er om Er persons tillstånd och be Gud att hålla Er i hans heliga bevaring.
Kristina Alexandra.

English translation (my own):

April 11, 1676.
Signor Procurator Angelo Morosini,
One is persuaded that you are enough my friend to give some consideration to the interests of those whom I recommend to you; and that is what attracts you to this letter, which I have been asked for in favour of the Marquis Lucatelli, who happens to have a lawsuit in Venice, and who wishes your protection, of which I believe him worthy; for, although his person is unknown to me, the interest which the Cavaliere Bernini takes in all that touches him obliges me to beg you earnestly to favour him. I have so much esteem for the person of the said Bernini that I embrace with joy every occasion which presents itself to favour a man who has made himself the greatest and most illustrious that there has ever been in his profession, and that I cannot prevent myself from importuning you for the interest of a person who is so dear to him. I beg you to be persuaded that by favouring the Marquis Lucatelli, you will oblige me in a way that will be very agreeable to me; add to this that I am delighted to have this opportunity to assure you of the state of your person, praying God to keep you in His holy keeping.
Kristina Alexandra.


Above: Kristina.

Monday, February 28, 2022

Kristina's letter to Filippo Baldinucci, praising him on his biography of the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, dated April 8/18 (New Style), 1682

Sources:

Bibliothèque interuniversitaire (Montpellier); Manuscrits de la reine Christine; X: Lettere a diversi; Varii lettere de suoi tempi; 129: Christine de Suède à Filippo Baldinucci, Rome, 18 avril 1682 (digitisation page 129v-130r)


Christine (1626-1689 ; reine de Suède), Manuscrits de la reine Christine: Lettere a diversi, 1601-1700.

The Foli@ online digital heritage library is here:


Copyright SCDI-UPV - Collections Université de Montpellier (shelfmark H 258).

Serie de' testi di lingua stampati: che si citano nel Vocabolario degli accademici della Crusca, volume 2, page 119, Gaetano Poggiali, 1813


Mémoires concernant Christine, reine de Suède, volume 4, pages 39 to 40, compiled and edited by Johan Arckenholtz, 1760; original at the University of Michigan


Baldinucci's biography of Bernini can be read here:



The letter (with Kristina's handwriting in italics):

18. Ap[ril]e 82.
S[igno]r filippo Baldinucci, La Vita Scritta da Voi del Cav[alie]r Bernino è Stata riceuuta da me con tutto quel gradimento che merita vn'Opéra si degna. La v[ost]ra penna hà spiegate le Virtù, e le memorie d'vn Si grand Huomo huomo [...] con vno Stile, con vna tessitura, e con vn ordine tale qual io appunto l'aspettaua dal ualore, e dalla viuezza dell'ingegno vostro: lasciando p[er]ò quella parte che tocca à me, della quale p[er] gratia di dio Sò, e Sento quello che và creduto; Tutto il resto mi par degno d'applauso, e di Stima, ed io vi ringrazio a nome publico della fatica c'hauete fatta, assicurandoui che terrò part[icola]r mem[ori]a del Seruizio che gl'hauete reso, e dio vi conserui e prosp[er]i —
sta bene.

With modernised spelling:

18 aprile '82.
Signor Filippo Baldinucci,
La Vita scritta da voi del cavalier Bernino è stata ricevuta da me con tutto quel gradimento che merita un'opera si degna. La vostra penna ha spiegate le virtù e le memorie d'un sì grand'uomo con uno stile, con una tessitura e con un ordine tale qual io appunto l'aspettava dal valore e dalla vivezza dell'ingegno vostro, lasciando però quella parte che tocca a me, della quale, per grazia di Dio, so e sento quello che va creduto. Tutto il resto mi par degno d'applauso e di stima, ed io vi ringrazio a nome pubblico della fatica ch'avete fatta, assicurandovi che terrò particolar memoria del servigio che gl'avete reso; e Dio vi conservi e prosperi. —
Sta bene.

Poggiali's transcript of the letter:

Sig. Filippo Baldinucci, la Vita scritta da voi del Cavalier Bernino è stata ricevuta da Me con tutto quel gradimento che merita un'Opera si degna. La vostra penna ha spiegate le virtù e le memorie d'un si grand' Uomo con uno stile, con una tessitura, e con un ordine tale, qual io appunto l'aspettava dal valore e dalla vivezza dell'ingegno vostro. Lasciando però quella parte che tocca a me, della quale per grazia di Dio so, e sento quello che va creduto, tutto il resto mi par degno di applauso e di stima; ed io vi ringrazio a nome pubblico della fatica ch'avete fatta, assicurandovi che terrò particolar memoria del servizio che gli avete reso; e Dio vi conservi e prosperi. Di Roma li 18. aprile 1682. La Regina.

With modernised spelling:

Signor Filippo Baldinucci,
La Vita scritta da voi del cavalier Bernino è stata ricevuta da me con tutto quel gradimento che merita un'opera si degna. La vostra penna ha spiegate le virtù e le memorie d'un si grand uomo con uno stile, con una tessitura, e con un ordine tale, qual io appunto l'aspettava dal valore e dalla vivezza dell'ingegno vostro. Lasciando però quella parte che tocca a me, della quale, per grazia di Dio, so e sento quello che va creduto, tutto il resto mi par degno di applauso e di stima; ed io vi ringrazio a nome pubblico della fatica ch'avete fatta, assicurandovi che terrò particolar memoria del servigio che gli avete reso; e Dio vi conservi e prosperi. Di Roma, li 18 Aprile 1682.
La Regina.

Arckenholtz's transcript of the letter:

Signor Filippo Baldinucci. La vita scritta da voi del Cav:er. Bernino è stata ricevuta da me con tutto quel gradimento che merita un'Opera si degna. La vostra penna ha spiegate le virtù, e le memorie d'un si grand' huomo con uno stile, con una tessitura, e con un ordine tale qual'io appunto l'aspettava dal valore, e dalla vivezza dell'ingegno vostro, lasciando però quella parte che tocca a me, della quale, per grazia di Dio, esser quella che v'hò creduto. Tutto il resto mi par degno d'applauso, e di stima, ed io vi ringrazio a nome publico della fatica c'havete fatta, assicurandovi che terrò particolar memoria del servizio che gli havete reso, e Dio vi conservi e prosperi. &c.

French translation (my own):

Signor Filippo Baldinucci,
La Vie du Cavalier Bernini écrite par vous a été reçue par moi avec toute la satisfaction que mérite une si digne œuvre. Votre plume a expliqué les vertus et les souvenirs d'un si grand homme avec un style, une texture et un ordre que j'attendais de la valeur et de la vivacité de votre ingéniosité. Cependant, laissant de côté cette partie qui m'appartient, dont par la grâce de Dieu je sais et sens ce qu'il faut croire, tout le reste me paraît digne d'applaudissements et d'estime; et je vous remercie en nom public de l'effort que vous avez fait, en vous assurant que je garderai un souvenir particulier du service que vous lui avez rendu; et Dieu vous conserve et prospère.
Rome, le 18 avril 1682.
La Reine.

Swedish translation (my own):

Signor Filippo Baldinucci,
Cavalier Berninis Liv, skrivet av Er, mottagits av mig med all den tillfredsställelse som ett så värdigt verk förtjänar. Er penna har förklarat dygderna och minnena av en så stor man med en stil, struktur och ordning som jag förväntade mig av Er uppfinningsrikedoms tapperhet och livlighet. Under tiden, om man bortser från denna del, som tillhör mig, av vilken jag av Guds nåd vet och känner vad jag skall tro, så framstår allt det övriga mig värdigt applåder och aktning; och jag tackar Er i det offentliga namnet för den ansträngning Ni har gjort, och försäkrar Er att jag skall hålla ett särskilt minne av den tjänst Ni har gjort honom; och Gud bevare och välsigne Er.
Rom, den 18 april 1682.
Drottningen.

English translation (my own):

Signor Filippo Baldinucci,
The Life of Cavalier Bernini, written by you, was received by me with all the satisfaction that such a worthy work deserves. Your pen has explained the virtues and memories of such a great man with a style, texture and order which I expected from the valour and liveliness of your ingenuity. In the meantime, leaving aside this part which belongs to me, of which by the grace of God I know and feel what to believe, all the rest appears to me worthy of applause and esteem; and I thank you in the public name for the effort you have made, assuring you that I will keep a special memory of the service you have rendered to him; and may God keep and bless you.
Rome, April 18, 1682.
The Queen.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Filippo Baldinucci.


Above: Gian Lorenzo Bernini.