Showing posts with label Abbot Vanini. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Abbot Vanini. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 11, 2025

Baron Carl Bildt on Kristina's last days, part 2

Sources:

Drottning Kristinas sista dagar, article written by Baron Carl Bildt for Ord och Bild, femte årgången: 1896, part 2, pages 53 to 61, 1896; original from a library in Växjö (other issues were donated to Projekt Runeberg from there and from the University Library in Linköping)


Drottning Kristinas sista dagar, pages 26 to 38, by Baron Carl Bildt, 1897 (standalone publication); original at Harvard University


Kristina's letter of March 2/12 (New Style), 1689 to Manuel Texeira is here:


Kristina's letter of March 20/30 (Old Style), 1689 to Johan Olivekrantz is here:


Kristina's letter of April 2/12 (Old Style), 1689 to Olivekrantz is here:


Kristina's condolence letter to March 23/April 2 (New Style), 1689 to Ranuccio II Farnese, the Duke of Parma, is here:








Above: Baron Carl Bildt.

The account (original Ord och Bild version):

DROTTNING KRISTINAS SISTA DAGAR.
AF C. BILDT.
Med 4 bilder.
(Fortsättning och slut.)

ÖFVER sin hälsa hade Kristina, som vi sett, länge icke haft någon anledning att klaga. Väl medveten om sin dåliga mage, höll hon försiktig diet, tålde icke kryddor och drack aldrig vin, men å andra sidan gaf hon sig ej heller någonsin tid att tugga maten. Då och då gjorde väl magen uppror, och ibland kommo därtill korta feberanfall, men dessa krämpor voro ej mer, än man kunde vänta hos en person med hennes oroliga lif, som tillbragt öfver tjugu somrar i det osunda Rom. Med undantag af influensan, som 1657 grasserade i Italien, hade hon icke förr än 1686 haft någon sjukdom, som icke skyndsamt häfts af de läkemedel hon vanligen anlitade, purgativ och åderlåtning. För läkekonsten hade hon ett ganska begränsadt förtroende, och herrar eskulaper voro ofta föremål för hennes skämt. Till 1675 hade hon till lifmedikus haft en viss Cesare Macchiati, därefter en judisk läkare Gabriel Felix, som sedermera kom till konung Johan Sobieski, och nu på sista tiden en viss Romolo Spezioli från Fermo, hvilken också skötte Azzolini. Tiden var inne, då denne skulle få mycket att göra.

I början af 1689 väntade Kristina med otålighet ett besök af sin generalguvernör Olivekrantz och markis del Montes återkomst från Sverige. Efter samråd med dem ville hon besluta, huruvida det kunde löna mödan att träffa någon uppgörelse med kurfursten af Brandenburg. Hon stod redan i underhandling om att sälja sin besittningsrätt till Palazzo Riario — så kär var drömmen om suveräniteten i en tysk småstad hos henne, som med så lätt mod lämnat Sveriges spira. Men Olivekrantz och del Monte läto vänta på sig — i stället kommo sjukdomen och döden.

Den 13 februari 1689 — dagen efter det hon befallt att en allmän décharge skulle beviljas Olivekrantz för hela hans förvaltning — träffades Kristina af ett svimningsanfall, hvilket, då hon efter en kvarts timme återfått sansen, åtföljdes af stark feber och af samma svullnad i benen, hvaraf hon redan lidit de två föregående vårarne. Efter tre dagar följde ny sanslöshet och därpå en så stor mattighet, att man trodde hennes sista stund vara kommen och skickade efter sakramenten, hvilka hon mottog med stort lugn. Någon förbättring inträdde därefter, och så snart Kristina kände sig något starkare, tänkte hon på att ordna förhållandena efter sin död, den hon med kallt mod såg i ögonen. Den 1 mars underskref hon sitt testamente, som gjorde Azzolini till universalarfvinge med skyldighet att betala flera legat och alla skulder, och därpå tänkte hon att sluta fred med påfven. Hon skickade efter monsignor Albani och bad honom säga Innocentius, att hon ödmjukt bönföll om hans förlåtelse för alla de obehag hon vållat honom och hoppades, att han ville benåda dem af hennes tjänare, som hade något otaladt med den påfliga rättvisan. Innocentius, hvilkens stränghet var pliktkänsla men ej hårdhet, mottog med rörelse sin plågoandes budskap. Med tårar i ögonen sände han henne sin förlåtelse och välsignelse, jämte full amnesti för allt hennes folk. Budskapet framfördes af kardinal Ottoboni, som medförde den hälsning, att påfven önskat själf besöka drottningen men hindrades af sin egen sjukdom. Innocentius erbjöd sig också att genast låta hämta från Bologna en berömd läkare vid namn Malpici. Samtidigt kom bref från vicekonung af Neapel Don Lorenzo Colonna, som ville skicka icke mindre än tre doktorer.

Innan dessa hjälptrupper hunnit anlända, hade emellertid drottningen, som efter försoningen med påfven under ett par dagar känt sig bättre, plötsligt fått ett nytt anfall, så svårt denna gång, att allt hopp ansågs vara ute, och ryktet om hennes död började sprida sig i staden. Som sista resurs skickade man då efter en fransk munk, hvilken genast använde Kristinas vanliga läkemedel, som kanske hittills ansetts för enkla. En vändning till det bättre inträdde så godt som omedelbart, så att hon efter fyra dagar befann sig i full konvalescens. Redan den 12 mars var hon åter sysselsatt med sina affärer, dikterade ett bref till sin bankir Texeira och kunde med egen hand tillägga följande apostill:

»Jag lefver genom ett Guds underverk och tack vare den kraftiga och mer än mänskliga komplexion Gud gifvit mig. Jag kan säga, att konstens underverk också bidragit därtill, ty min läkare, äfvensom de skicklige man, som dessutom tillkallats, hafva i sanning gjordt under. Det blir för så lång tid det Gud behagar.»

Den 20 mars skref hon till Olivekrantz:

»Gud har velat rycka mig ur dödens armar mot mitt eget hopp, och jag var redan resignerad till denna sista öfvergång, som jag trodde oundviklig. Likväl är jag ännu full af lif, tack vare ett underverk af nåd, natur och konst, hvilka konspirerat för att återgifva mig hälsan och lifvet. Mitt kraftiga temperament har öfvervunnit en sjukdom, som kunnat döda tjugu herkuler. Men jag förmodar, att det är nåden som styrkt detta temperament i en så förvånande grad, att det väcker läkarnes beundran. Jag har befallt, att man skall göra en berättelse om allt som händt, i hvilken ni skall finna hela historien om min sjukdom och mitt tillfrisknande. Jag kan dock ej undslippa en lång konvalescens, hvarunder man låter mig iakttaga en så sträng regel, att den mycket besvärar mig. Men jag hoppas, att allt skall vara slut till påsk, och att jag då helt och hållet skall slippa läkarens färla. Läkaren bannar mig, då han ser mig skrifva. Affären, hvarom Brandenburgs sändebud talat med markisen (del Monte), är en gammal historia, som för längesedan är afslutad till båda parternas ömsesidiga belåtenhet. I dylika fall bör man endast svara dessa få ord: drottningen vet hvad hon gör och hvad hon bör göra. Detta bref vare gemensamt för Eder och markisen. Jag gillar för öfrigt alla de beslut Ni fattat och allt hvad Ni kan hafva gjort i Sverige. Jag väntar Eder med otålighet och skall snart sända Eder tillbaka. Tviflen ej därpå. Adieu.
Christina Alexandra.

P. S.
Jag skrifver ej till markisen, ty jag har intet att säga honom.»

Den 2 april skref hon ännu några rader till Olivekrantz, som hon väntade »såsom judarne vänta Messias». Brefvet slutade:

»Min konvalescens lider lyckligtvis mot slutet, fast med långsamhet i följd af den oblida väderleken, men vid Eder ankomst hoppas jag Ni skall finna mig vid full hälsa. Adieu

Samma dag skref hon ett kondoleansbref till hertigen af Parma med anledning af hans broders död. Dessa rader äro de sista man har af hennes hand.

Hennes tillfrisknande firades med högtidliga tacksägelser i flera kyrkor. Musikanterna af konstnärsgillet i virtuosi, hvilka i Kristina städse haft en god kund, sjöngo den 25 mars ett Te Deum i kyrkan S. Salvatore in Lauro, hvars protektor Azzolini var; andra konstnärer föranstaltade ännu ett, och den 31 mars höllo jesuiterna på grefve d'Aliberts tillskyndan en praktfull tacksägelse i sin granna kyrka il Gesù, som för tillfället smyckades med drottningens ryktbara tapisserier. Så säkert ansågs faran öfverstånden, att det tillkännagafs, att Kristina, sedan hon aflagt ett besök hos påfven och själf bevistat ett Te Deum i Peterskyrkan, ämnade göra en ny pilgrimsfärd till madonnan i Loreto. Där förvarades i madonnans skattkammare sedan hennes första besök 1655 hennes svenska krona och spira. Huru underligt skulle det icke kännas att nu återse dem! Men dessa planer skulle aldrig förverkligas.

Under drottningens sjukdom hade en händelse inträffat, som länge ansetts tillhöra romanens område, men som numera tillgängliga papper återbördat åt verkligheten. Läsaren har icke glömt den vackra sångerskan Angelina, hvars ömma förhållande till bildhuggaren Théodon afbröts genom att hennes moder tvang henne att ingå i Kristinas tjänst. Den stränga bevakningen i Palazzo Riario lämnade de två älskande blott tillfälle till ett par förstulna möten, men murarne, som skilde ungdom och kärlek åt, mäktade ej skydda mot guld och list. En af Roms störste fruntimmerskarlar, monsignor Vaini, en förnäm viveur, som af prästen ej hade annat än rocken, hade sett Angelina på en af drottningens konserter och intagits af hennes skönhet, och han kände vägen. Två andra flickor af Kristinas omgifning hade redan fallit i hans garn: den ena, en syster till Ottavia och Portia Giustiniani, hade dött under omständigheter, som kastade en skugga af skuld för hennes bortgång på Vaini, så att han sedan dess var illa sedd af drottningen, men han hade i stället försänkningar bland tjänstefolket, hvilka kommo väl till pass. Att Angelina kallt tillbakavisade hans förklaringar, afskräckte honom ej. Han visste, att hennes moder Catarina Georgini, som jämte döttrarna flyttat till Palazzo Riario, intet bättre begärde än att slå mynt af deras behag, och af henne köpte han nyckeln till Angelinas sängkammare. Drottningens sjukdom och den däraf följande oordningen beredde ett gynnsamt tillfälle. Det försummades ej.

Företaget var djärft, ty Angelinas sofrum — det bebos nu af en gammal professor, presidenten i Accademia dei Lincei — låg alldeles öfver Kristinas eget, men den inte vågar, vinner intet, och denna gång var vinsten väl ett vågstycke värd. Natten till den 4 mars, medan drottningen ännu låg mellan lif och död, smög sig Vaini förklädd, med två pistoler i bältet och nio falska nycklar i fickan, uppför trapporna. En mutad kammartjänare förde honom i säkerhet till Catarina, som öppnade dörren till rummet, där Angelina sof oskuldens intet anande sömn.

Angelinas nödrop hördes likväl, och de två drabanter, som höllo vakt i drottningens våning, Palma och Merola, rusade upp för att se hvad som var å färde. De bröto upp den låsta dörren, vräkte undan kammartjänaren Larini och Catarina samt kastade sig öfver Vaini — fast för sent. I förskräckelsen bjöd han pengar, för att saken skulle hållas tyst, hela fyra tusen scudi, men det hjälpte icke. Bunden fördes han ned till vaktstugan, och bud skickades till chefen för gardet markis Ornani. Denne rådförde sig, när morgonen kom, med kardinal Azzolini och hans brorson Pompeo. Man beslöt att låta Vaini gå men anmäla saken för rättvisan. Skandalen skulle likväl hållas tyst, så att drottningen intet skulle få veta, förr än hon blef frisk.

När Kristina, som hört bullret, frågade hvad som varit före, skyllde man på tjufvar, och därmed lät sig den sjuka nöjas.

Så snart hon blef bättre, frågade hon dock efter Angelina, som alltid varit hennes synnerliga gunstling, men som ingen vågade låta henne komma in till drottningen af fruktan att hon skulle tala om alltsammans, fick hon det svaret, att hon var sjuk. Till slut kom det dock fram att flickan var fullkomligt frisk men höll sig instängd på sina rum i sorg och förtviflan. Kristina skickade då genast efter Angelina, som under tårar och knäfall berättade den skymf hon lidit, och då bröt ovädret löst. Drottningens vrede kände inga gränser. Hon lät kalla in Merola, den samme som varit med om att gripa Vaini, och befallde honom att döda förföraren.

Skulle blodshämd tagas, var nog Merola rätte mannen. En verklig bravo-typ denne neapolitanare! Han hade tagit värfning bland Kristinas lancie spezzate för att skydda sig mot efterräkningar för ett par i Neapel begångna mord, och under striderna för kvarterfriheten hade han stuckit ihjäl en af påfvens sbirrer. Det var ju goda meriter. En sak ingaf honom dock betänkligheter. Hans konto med rättvisan hade nyss utjämnats genom den allmänna amnesti påfven beviljat Kristinas folk. Det var en ny och särdeles behaglig känsla för Merola att åter kunna röra sig fritt utan fara för häktning. Den ville han icke spilla för en nyck af drottningen, som kanske snart ej längre skulle finnas i världen, i synnerhet som det kunde finnas något att förtjäna på andra hållet. Alltnog, han meddelade Vaini, att han gjorde bäst i att lämna Rom. Den uppskrämde prelaten lät ej säga sig detta två gånger utan försvann efter att ha betygat Merola sin kontanta erkänsla, hvarpå drabanten helt lugnt anmälde för Kristina, att hämden var fullbordad.

Bedrägeriet blef dock snart upptäckt. Beställsamma tungor underrättade drottningen, att Vaini befann sig lifs lefvande i Subiaco. Man hade således drifvit gäck med henne — var det väl möjligt? Merola, som kallades till räfst, nekade i början, men af hans intrasslade svar begrep Kristina sanningen. I vredesmod reste hon sig upp från stolen, gick hastigt några steg fram med sträckta händer och utspärrade fingrar, liksom för att gripa Merola i strupen — och föll afsvimnad till golfvet. — Detta skedde den 14 april 1689.

Om den sista sjukdomen, som nu följde, är föga bekant. Att, såsom stundom sagts, Monaldeschis minne skulle ha förbittrat Kristinas sista stunder, är antagligen en dikt. Åtminstone finnes därom ingen trovärdig anteckning. Det hade för öfrigt icke öfverensstämt med Kristinas karakter. Hon betraktade ständigt den olycklige stallmästarens död som verkställandet af en rättmätig dom, alldeles som hon skulle ha gjort med Vaini. Troligen var hon mesta tiden sanslös, eftersom inga ord af henne bevarats från dessa dagar. Hennes biktfader, karmelitermunken Slavata, var hos henne till det sista, talande, heter det, till henne på latin, franska och tyska. Svenska skulle ej höras vid hennes dödsläger. Kristina mottog sakramenten och påfvens välsignelse med lugn och svarade ordentligt på bönerna i de döendes officium. Kanske kände hon, såsom vår snillrike skald sjungit:

»Det bör ej kännas tungt att vandra
sen lycka, makt och ära gått förut.
Du är så arm, Kristina Alexandra,
då skådespelet lider mot sitt slut.»

Klockan sex på morgonen den 19 april 1689 lyfte hon den vänstra handen till halsen och utandades helt stilla sin sista suck. Azzolini hade, ehuru själf långt ifrån frisk, vakat dag och natt vid hennes bädd. Hans trohet är det försonande ljuset i mörkret af tomhet, flärd och brott kring den döende drottningen från främmande land. Hur ängsligt skall ej det bristande ögat hafva hvilat på hans rödkantade rock! Där klappade dock ett hjärta, som sörjde henne.

Rummet, där Kristina dog, ligger mot söder i palatsets första våning näst intill sydvästra hörnrummet. Två kolonner med förgyllda korintiska kapitäl dela det i två, hvardera hälften täckt af ett särskildt hvalf, prydt med fresker, i hvilka Zuccaris pensel framställt bibliska scener, omgifna af medaljonger med helgon och madonnan samt af grotesker med lekande nymfer och tritoner. Det är ej ovanligt stort (9 m. × 5,40 m.) men soligt och gladt och hade på Kristinas tid en härlig utsikt. Nu användes det för galleria Corsinis tafvelsamling och är fullt af porträtt. Det enda af dessa Kristina skulle känna igen, om hon nu vaknade där, är kardinal Ottobonis. Slumpen har hängt hans bild just där han bragte den sjuka påfvens förlåtande välsignelse. Alldeles bredvid låg kapellet med sin sakristia, genom en dörr förbunden med sängkammaren. Helt små rum, som läsaren kan se af planen här ofvan. Altaret, öfver hvilket hängde en kopia af en madonna af Sassoferato, borttogs först 1883. Möblerna ha försvunnit långt förut, de flesta strax efter drottningens död, och intet, ej ens en inskrift, talar mera om Kristina Alexandra.

Fyra dagar låg drottningens lik utställd på lit de parade i palatset. Den 24 april kl. 8 på aftonen fördes det vid fackelsken på en öppen vagn, omgifven af hennes lifvakt och åtföljd af hela hennes hof, till S. Maria in Vallicella, en af de kyrkor, som stodo under Azzolinis beskydd. Följande dag firades där i närvaro af hela kardinalkollegiet den högtidliga begrafningsgudstjänsten, efter hvars slut en storartad procession satte sig i rörelse för att föra Kristina till det sista hvilorummet i Peterskyrkan. Tåget öppnades af skolgossar och fattighusbarn, därefter följde sexton brödraskap i fotsida kåpor och hufvudet täckande hucklen, därefter munkar från femton af Roms förnämsta kloster, bland dem Lars Skytte, alla med kors, banér och brinnande vaxljus, sedan femhundra af brödraskapens män med stora vaxfacklor, fem man i ledet, vidare prästerskapet i drottningens församling S. Dorotea, sångare, prästerskapet i Peterskyrkan, därpå den högt burna, af guldbrokad med kronor och Wasavapnet täckta likbåren, på hvilken liket hvilade bart med krona och spira, svept i hvit guldbroderad dräkt med violett hermelinsbrämad sammetsmantel, hvita handskar och skor. Omkring och efter båren, som bars af Kristinas folk, gingo hennes hofmän och officerare med Wasenau och Warwick i spetsen; efter dem följde chefen för påfvens schweizergarde till häst med sex af sina soldater, påfliga härolder, ceremonimästare, kammarherrar, kapellaner, biskopar o. s. v. till häst och till fots. Kortègen, som framskred mellan det å ömse sidor marscherande påfliga schweizergardet, afslöts af tio drottningens vagnar. Vid framkomsten till Peterskyrkan mottogs liket af kanikerna, som däröfver läste absolutionen. Det inneslöts med krona och spira i en kista af cypress, hvari också några af hennes medaljer nedlades, denna åter i en blykista med namn och vapen i relief, och denna slutligen i en träkista, som nedsattes i midtelskeppet af kryptan, i de s. k. Grotte Vecchie. Där står den ännu midt emot Pii VI:s kista, stödd mot väggen, helt och hållet öfverklädd af murbruk, utan några som helst prydnader, med följande på den fria långsidan enkelt målade inskrift:

«D. O. M.
CORPUS CHRISTINÆ ALEXANDRÆ
GOTHORUM SUECORUM VANDALORUMQUE REGINÆ
OBIIT DIE XIX APRILIS MDCLXXXIX.»

Ej långt därifrån förvaras hennes inälfvor i en annan sarkofag. Den har formen af en på golfvet hvilande, mot väggen stödd, ungefär 1 m. hög halfkupol af hvit marmor, refflad och krönt af ett kors. Däröfver en tafla af hvit marmor, inramad i svarta barocka ritningar, som omgifva en inskrift, likalydande med den föregående utom att »Corpus» utbytts mot «Præcordia».

Kristina hade i sitt testamente förordnat följande:

»Vi vilja, att vår döda kropp skall svepas i hvitt och begrafvas i kyrkan la Rotonda (Pantheon) eller i någon annan, som vår arfvinge må bestämma; utan utställning af liket, förbjudande vi hvarje begrafningsståt och all annan dylik fåfänga. Epitafiet vare en enkel sten med blott denna inskrift:

D. O. M.
VIXIT CHRISTINA ANNOS LXIII.

Vi vilja intet hvarken mer eller mindre.»

Hennes önskningar blefvo lika litet respekterade i fråga om vården som i fråga om begrafningen. Katolska kyrkans ära fordrade en ståtlig minnesvård öfver det stora affallet. Hade själfva affällingen i lifstiden varit besvärlig, skulle hon åtminstone efter döden göra reklam för påfvedömet. Det dröjde likväl några år, ty Innocentius XI dog redan fyra månader efter Kristina, och hans efterträdare Alexander VIII (Ottoboni) fick under sin korta regeringstid (okt. 1689—febr. 1691) ej heller tid att träffa någon anstalt om monumentet. Först under Innocentius XII (1691—1700) fattades definitivt beslut om utförandet, hvilket uppdrogs åt Carlo Fontana. Denne har uppgjort ritningarna till den stora, fula och anspråksfulla vården, som nu synes i Peterskyrkan vid den första pilastern ytterst till höger från stora ingången. Den aftäcktes den 27 nov. 1701, sedan Kristinas forne skyddsling monsignor Albani uppstigit på påfvestolen såsom Clemens XI. Monumentet ansågs redan då såsom »di malissimo gusto»; det var dock ej fullbordadt. Ännu fattades en bas-relief på själfva sarkofagen, föreställande Kristinas högtidliga afsvärjelse i Insbruck inför den påflige legaten Holstenius. Hvem skulle – – o ödets ironi! — hugga denna Kristinas ära i marmor, om ej samme Théodon, hvilkens roman hon så snöpligt korsat tolf år förut. Han hämnades med att prestera något afskyvärdt fult, men hämden var icke afsiktlig. Théodon var född klåpare i konst som i kärlek. Högt uppe sitter hon nu, Gustaf Adolfs dotter, i en jättemedaljong af brons, stolt blickande ned på den svenske vandraren, som gärna knyter näven i harm och blygsel. Under medaljongen bär en krönt och vingad dödskalle en tafla med om affallet erinrande inskrift. Nederst som postament sarkofagen med Théodons relief, uppbärande en krona mellan två barocka knubbiga änglar. Det är grannt, kallt, intetsägande som alla monument, som icke hafva några hjärtan att tala till.

EFTERSKRIFT.
Palazzo Corsini har hyst ännu en af våra drottningar inom sina murar, dock innan hon bar Sveriges krona. Då Josef Bonaparte efter freden i Tolentino kom till Rom såsom republikens sändebud, bebodde han, på hösten 1797, palatset. I hans följe befunno sig bl. a. Eugène de Beauharnais samt den tjugusjuårige krigaren och skalden general Duphot, som var förlofvad med Josefs svägerska Désirée Clary. Den 23 december ankommo dennas föräldrar makarne Clary jämte Désirée på besök till Josef för att i hans och Duphot's sällskap njuta af nöjena under vintersäsongen i Rom. Men ödet hade annorlunda bestämt. Den i glada förhoppningar började resan skulle få ett tragiskt slut. Fem dagar efter Désirée's ankomst ägde en gatustrid rum utanför palatset mellan romerska republikaner och påfliga soldater, och Duphot, som jämte Beauharnais stigit ned för att mäkla fred, föll i de sinas åsyn, träffad af en påflig kula. Josef Bonaparte och familjen Clary lämnade genast Rom, och någon tid därefter räckte Désirée sin hand åt general Bernadotte.

English translation (my own):

QUEEN KRISTINA'S LAST DAYS.
BY C. BILDT.
With 4 pictures.
(Continuation and ending.)

AS we have seen, Kristina had long had no reason to complain about her health. Well aware of her bad stomach, she maintained a careful diet, could not tolerate spices and never drank wine, but on the other hand she never took the time to chew her food. Now and then her stomach rebelled, and sometimes there were brief attacks of fever, but these ailments were no more than one might expect in a person with her restless life, who had spent over twenty summers in unhealthy Rome. With the exception of the influenza, which was rampant in Italy in 1657, she had not had any illness until 1686 that was not quickly cured by the medicines she usually used, purgatives and bloodletting.

She had a rather limited confidence in the art of medicine, and the gentlemen Æsculapiuses were often the subject of her jokes. Until 1675, she had had as her personal physician a certain Cesare Macchiati, then a Jewish physician, Gabriel Felix, who later came to King Jan Sobieski, and now, in recent times, a certain Romolo Spezioli from Fermo, who also looked after Azzolino. The time had come when he would have a lot to do.

At the beginning of 1689, Kristina was impatiently awaiting a visit from her governor general Olivekrantz and the Marquis del Monte on his return from Sweden. After consulting with them, she wanted to decide whether it would be worth the trouble to reach some agreement with the Elector of Brandenburg. She was already in negotiations to sell her right of possession to Palazzo Riario — so dear was the dream of the sovereignty of a small German town to her who had so easily abandoned the scepter of Sweden. But Olivekrantz and del Monte kept her waiting — instead there came illness and death.

On February 13, 1689 — the day after she had ordered that a general discharge be granted to Olivekrantz for his entire administration — Kristina was struck by a fainting fit, which, when she regained consciousness after a quarter of an hour, was accompanied by a strong fever and the same swelling of the legs from which she had already suffered the two previous springs. After three days, new senselessness followed, and then such great weakness that one believed that her last hour had come and sent for the sacraments, which she received with great calm.

Some improvement then occurred, and as soon as Kristina felt somewhat stronger, she thought of arranging matters after her death, which she faced with cold courage. On March 1, she signed her will, which made Azzolino the universal heir with the obligation to pay several legacies and all debts, and then she thought of making peace with the Pope.

She sent for Monsignor Albani and asked him to tell Innocent that she humbly begged his forgiveness for all the unpleasantness she had caused him and hoped that he would pardon those of her servants who had said anything bad about the papal justice. Innocent, whose severity was a sense of duty but not harshness, received with emotion the message from his tormentor. With tears in his eyes he sent her his forgiveness and blessing, together with a full amnesty for all her people.

The message was delivered by Cardinal Ottoboni, who brought the greeting that the Pope had wished to visit the Queen himself, but was prevented by his own illness. Innocent also offered to have at once a famous physician named Malpici brought from Bologna. At the same time a letter arrived from the Viceroy of Naples, Don Lorenzo Colonna, who wanted to send no less than three doctors.

Before these relief troops could arrive, however, the Queen, who, after the reconciliation with the Pope, had been feeling better for a couple of days, suddenly suffered a new attack, so severe this time that all hope was considered lost, and the rumour of her death began to spread in the city. As a last resort, a French monk was sent for, who immediately used Kristina's usual medicines, which had perhaps been considered too simple up to now. A turn for the better occurred almost immediately, so that after four days she was in full convalescence. Already on March 12 she was busy with her affairs again, dictated a letter to her banker Texeira, and was able to add the following postscript with her own hand:

"I live, by a miracle of God and thanks to the strong and more than human complexion God has given me. I can say that the miracles of art have also contributed to this, for my doctor, as well as the skilled men who have also been summoned, have truly worked wonders. It will be so for as long as God pleases."

On March 20 she wrote to Olivekrantz:

"God has wanted to snatch me from the arms of death against my own hope, and I was already resigned to this last transition, which I believed inevitable. Nevertheless, I am still full of life, thanks to a miracle of grace, nature and art, which have conspired to restore me to health and life. My strong temperament has overcome an illness that could have killed twenty of Hercules. But I suppose that it is grace that has strengthened this temperament to such an astonishing degree that it arouses the admiration of the doctors.

I have ordered that a relation be made of all that has happened, in which you will find the whole history of my illness and my recovery. However, I cannot escape a long convalescence, during which I am made to observe such a strict rule that it bothers me greatly. But I hope that everything will be over by Easter, and that I will then be completely free from the doctor's care. The doctor scolds me when he sees me writing.

The affair about which the envoy of Brandenburg spoke with the Marquis (del Monte) is an old story, which has long since been concluded to the mutual satisfaction of both parties. In such cases one should only answer these few words: the Queen knows what she is doing and what she should do. This letter is for you and the Marquis in common.

I approve, by the way, of all the decisions you have made and everything you may have done in Sweden. I await you with impatience and will send you back soon. Do not doubt it. Adieu.
Kristina Alexandra.

P. S.
I am not writing to the Marquis, for I have nothing to say to him."

On April 2 she wrote a few more lines to Olivekrantz, whom she awaited "like the Jews await the Messiah". The letter ended:

"My convalescence is fortunately nearing its end, albeit slowly due to the inclement weather, but upon your arrival I hope you will find me in full health. Adieu."

On the same day she wrote a letter of condolence to the Duke of Parma on the occasion of his brother's death. These lines are the last that one has from her hand.

Her recovery was celebrated with solemn thanksgivings in several churches. The musicians of the artists' guild i Virtuosi, who had always had a good customer in Kristina, sang a Te Deum on March 25 in the church of San Salvatore in Lauro, whose patron was Azzolini; other artists arranged another, and on March 31 the Jesuits, at the instigation of Count d'Alibert, held a magnificent thanksgiving in their neighbouring church, il Gesù, which was for the time being adorned with the Queen's famous tapestries. So certain was the danger considered to be over that it was announced that Kristina, after having paid a visit to the Pope and herself attended a Te Deum at St. Peter's, intended to make a new pilgrimage to the Madonna of Loreto. There, in the Madonna's treasury, since her first visit in 1655, her Swedish crown and scepter had been kept. How strange it would be to see them again now! But these plans would never come to fruition.

During the Queen's illness an incident had occurred which had long been considered to belong to the realm of the novel, but which the now available papers have brought back to reality. The reader has not forgotten the beautiful singer Angelina, whose tender relationship with the sculptor Théodon was broken off by her mother forcing her to enter Kristina's service. The strict guard in the Palazzo Riario left the two lovers only an opportunity for a couple of furtive meetings, but the walls which separated youth and love were no protection against gold and cunning.

One of Rome's greatest ladies' men, Monsignor Vaini, a distinguished viveur, who had nothing of the priest but his coat, had seen Angelina at one of the Queen's concerts and was captivated by her beauty, and he knew the way. Two other girls of Kristina's circle had already fallen into his trap: one, a sister of Ottavia and Porzia Giustiniani, had died under circumstances that cast a shadow of guilt for her death on Vaini, so that he was since then looked down upon by the Queen, but he had instead some acquaintances among the servants, which came in handy. The cold rejection of his explanations by Angelina did not deter him. He knew that her mother Caterina Giorgini, who had moved with her daughters to the Palazzo Riario, wanted nothing better than to capitalise on their favour, and from her he bought the key to Angelina's bedchamber. The Queen's illness and the ensuing disorder provided a favourable opportunity. It was not neglected.

The enterprise was audacious, for Angelina's bedroom — now occupied by an old professor, the president of the Accademia dei Lincei — was directly above Kristina's, but he who dares not, wins nothing, and this time the gain was well worth a venture. On the night of March 4, while the Queen still lay between life and death, Vaini, disguised, with two pistols in his belt and nine false keys in his pocket, crept up the stairs. A bribed chamberlain conducted him safely to Caterina, who opened the door to the room where Angelina slept the unsuspecting sleep of innocence.

Angelina's cry for help was heard, however, and the two bodyguards who were on guard in the Queen's apartment, Palma and Merola, rushed up to see what was going on. They broke open the locked door, drove away the chamberlain Larini and Caterina, and threw themselves upon Vaini — though too late. In his terror he offered money to keep the matter quiet, a full four thousand scudi, but it was of no avail. He was taken down to the guardhouse in chains, and a messenger was sent to the chief of the guard, the Marquis Ornani. When morning came, the latter consulted with Cardinal Azzolini and his fraternal nephew Pompeo. It was decided to let Vaini go but to report the matter to the justice system. The scandal was nevertheless to be kept quiet, so that the Queen would not know anything until she recovered.

When Kristina, who had heard the noise, asked what had happened, one blamed thieves, and the sick woman let herself be content with that.

As soon as she got better, she asked for Angelina, who had always been her special favourite, but whom no one dared to let into the Queen's presence for fear that she would tell everything, and she received the answer that she was ill. In the end, however, it turned out that the girl was perfectly healthy but was keeping herself locked up in her room in grief and despair. Kristina then immediately sent for Angelina, who, with tears and falling to her knees, told her of the abuse she had suffered, and then the storm broke loose. The Queen's rage knew no bounds. She had Merola summoned, the same one who had been involved in arresting Vaini, and ordered him to kill the seducer.

If bloody revenge was to be taken, Merola was probably the right man. A real bravo type, this Neapolitan! He had enlisted among Kristina's lancie spezzate to protect himself from retribution for a couple of murders committed in Naples, and during the battles for the freedom of the quarter he had stabbed one of the Pope's Sbirri to death. Those were good credentials. One thing, however, gave him misgivings. His account with justice had just been settled by the general amnesty the Pope had granted Kristina's people. It was a new and particularly pleasant feeling for Merola to be able to move freely again without danger of arrest. He did not want to waste it on a whim from the Queen, who might soon no longer exist in the world, especially since there might be something to be earned elsewhere.

Either way, he informed Vaini that he would do best to leave Rome. The frightened prelate did not let himself be told this twice, but disappeared after giving Merola his frank recognition, whereupon the bodyguard calmly reported to Kristina that the revenge was accomplished.

The deception was soon discovered, however. Insinuating tongues informed the Queen that Vaini was very much alive, in Subiaco. So one had played a trick on her — was that possible? Merola, who was summoned to court, denied it at first, but from his confused answers Kristina understood the truth. In a rage she rose from her chair, walked quickly a few steps forward with outstretched hands and fingers spread out, as if to seize Merola by the throat — and fell fainting to the floor. — This happened on April 14, 1689.

Little is known about the last illness that followed. That, as has sometimes been said, the memory of Monaldeschi would have embittered Kristina's last moments is probably a poem. At least there is no credible record of it. It would not have been in keeping with Kristina's character. She constantly regarded the death of the unfortunate equerry as the execution of a just sentence, just as she would have done with Vaini. She was probably unconscious most of the time, since no words of hers have been preserved from these days. Her confessor, the Carmelite monk Slavata, was with her until the last, speaking, it is said, to her in Latin, French and German. Swedish was not to be heard at her deathbed. Kristina received the Sacraments and the Pope's blessing with calmness and responded properly to the prayers in the office of the dying. Perhaps she felt, as our ingenious poet sang:

"It should not feel heavy to walk
since happiness, power and glory have gone before.
Thou art so poor, Kristina Alexandra,
when the play glides towards its end."

At six o'clock in the morning of April 19, 1689, she raised her left hand to her throat and breathed out her last sigh very quietly. Azzolino, although himself far from well, had watched day and night at her bedside. His fidelity is the reconciling light in the darkness of emptiness, vanity and crime surrounding the dying Queen from a foreign land. How anxiously the failing eye must have rested on his red-edged coat! There, however, beat one heart that mourned her.

The room where Kristina died is located on the south side of the first floor of the palazzo, next to the southwest corner room. Two columns with gilded Corinthian capitals divide it into two, each half covered by a separate vault, decorated with frescoes, in which Zuccari's brush has depicted biblical scenes, surrounded by medallions with saints and the Madonna and by grotesques with playing nymphs and tritons. It is not unusually large (9 m. × 5.40 m.), but sunny and cheerful, and had a lovely view in Kristina's time. Now it is used for the Galleria Corsini's collection of paintings and is full of portraits. The only one of these Kristina would recognise, if she woke up there, is Cardinal Ottoboni. By chance, his picture hung right where he brought the sick Pope's forgiveness blessing.

Right next door was the chapel with its sacristy, connected by a door to the bedchamber. Very small rooms, as the reader can see from the plan above. The altar, over which hung a copy of a Madonna by Sassoferato, was only removed in 1883. The furniture had disappeared long before that, most of it shortly after the Queen's death, and nothing, not even an inscription, speaks more of Kristina Alexandra.

For four days the Queen's body lay exposed on the lit de parade in the palazzo. On April 24, at 8 o'clock in the evening, it was carried by torchlight in an open carriage, surrounded by her bodyguard and accompanied by her entire court, to Santa Maria in Vallicella, one of the churches under the patronage of Azzolino. The following day, in the presence of the entire College of Cardinals, the solemn funeral service was celebrated there, after which a magnificent procession set in motion to carry Kristina to her final resting place in St. Peter's Basilica.

The procession was opened by schoolboys and children from the poorhouse, then followed sixteen brotherhoods in cowls and head coverings, then monks from fifteen of Rome's most distinguished monasteries, among them Lars Skytte, all with crosses, banners and burning wax candles, then five hundred men of the brotherhood with large wax torches, five men in the line, then the clergy of the Queen's parish of Santa Dorotea, singers, the clergy of St. Peter's, then the high-carried bier, covered with gold brocade with crowns and the Vasa coat of arms, on which the body rested bare with a crown and scepter, wrapped in a white gold-embroidered robe with a violet, ermine-trimmed velvet mantle, white gloves and shoes.

Around and behind the bier, which was carried by Kristina's people, walked her courtiers and officers, with Wasenau and Warwick at the head; after them followed the head of the papal Swiss Guard on horseback with six of his soldiers, papal heralds, masters of ceremonies, chamberlains, chaplains, bishops, etc., on horseback and on foot. The cortège, which advanced between the Papal Swiss Guard marching on either side, was closed by ten of the Queen's carriages.

On arriving at St. Peter's, the body was received by the canons, who read the absolution over it. It was enclosed with crown and scepter in a cypresswood coffin, in which some of her medals were also placed, this again in a lead coffin with her name and arms in relief, and this finally in a wooden coffin, which was placed in the central nave of the crypt, in the so-called Grotte Vecchie. There it still stands, opposite Pius VI's coffin, leaning against the wall, completely covered with mortar, without any decorations whatsoever, with the following inscription simply painted on the free long side:

"D. O. M.
CORPUS CHRISTINÆ ALEXANDRÆ
GOTHORUM SUECORUM VANDALORUMQUE REGINÆ
OBIIT DIE XIX APRILIS MDCLXXXIX."

Not far from there, her entrails are kept in another sarcophagus. It has the form of a half-dome of white marble resting on the floor, leaning against the wall, about 1 meter high, fluted and crowned by a cross. Above it is a tablet of white marble, framed in black baroque drawings, which surrounds an inscription, identical to the previous one except that "Corpus" ["Body"] has been replaced by "Præcordia" ["Entrails"].

Kristina had ordered the following in her will:

"We want Our dead body to be wrapped in white and buried in the church of la Rotonda (Pantheon) or in any other that Our heir may determine, without exhibition of the corpse; We forbid every funeral procession and all other such vanity. The epitaph should be a simple stone with only this inscription:

D. O. M.
VIXIT CHRISTINA ANNOS LXIII.

We want nothing more or less."

Her wishes were respected as little as in the matter of the care or the burial. The honour of the Catholic Church demanded a stately memorial of the great apostasy. If the apostasy itself had been troublesome during her lifetime, she would at least have advertised the papacy after her death. It took a few years, however, for Innocent XI died just four months after Kristina, and his successor Alexander VIII (Ottoboni) did not have time during his short reign (October 1689-February 1691) to meet with any institution about the monument.

It was not until Innocent XII (1691-1700) that a definitive decision was made about the execution, which was entrusted to Carlo Fontana. He drew up the drawings for the large, ugly and pretentious care, which is now visible in St. Peter's Basilica by the first pilaster on the far right from the main entrance. It was unveiled on November 27, 1701, after Kristina's former protege, Monsignor Albani, had ascended to the papal throne as Clement XI. The monument was already considered "di malissimo gusto" ["of the worst taste"]; however, it was not completed. A bas-relief was still missing on the sarcophagus itself, depicting Kristina's solemn abdication in Innsbruck before the papal legate Holstenius.

Who should — oh, the irony of fate! — carve this honour of Kristina in marble but the same Théodon, whose novel she had so slyly crossed twelve years before. He took revenge by performing something abominably ugly, but the revenge was not intentional. Théodon was a born blunderer in art as in love.

High up she now sits, Gustav Adolf's daughter, in a giant bronze medallion, proudly looking down on the Swedish wanderer, who gladly clenches his fist in anger and shame. Under the medallion, a crowned and winged skull bears a tablet with an inscription commemorating the apostasy. At the bottom, as a pedestal, is the sarcophagus with the relief of Théodon, supporting a crown between two chubby Baroque angels. It is narrow, cold, bland like all monuments that have no hearts to speak to.

POSTSCRIPT.
Palazzo Corsini has housed another of our queens within its walls, but before she wore the crown of Sweden. When Joseph Bonaparte came to Rome as the republic's envoy after the Peace of Tolentino, he lived in the palace in the autumn of 1797. In his entourage were, among others, Eugène de Beauharnais and the twenty-seven year old warrior and poet General Duphot, who was engaged to Joseph's sister-in-law Désirée Clary. On December 23, her parents, Monsieur and Madame Clary, arrived with Désirée to visit Joseph in order to enjoy the pleasures of the winter season in Rome in his and Duphot's company. But fate had decided otherwise.

The journey that began with happy hopes would have a tragic end. Five days after Désirée's arrival, a street fight took place outside the palace between Roman Republicans and Papal soldiers, and Duphot, who had descended with Beauharnais to mediate peace, fell in front of his men, struck by a papal bullet. Joseph Bonaparte and the Clary family immediately left Rome, and some time later Désirée offered her hand to General Bernadotte.

Notes: Angelina Giorgina is also known as Angela Voglia, Angelina Voglia, Angelica Giorgina (possibly being confused with Kristina's other singer Angelica Quadrelli) and La Giorgina. She received her nickname La Giorgina after her stepfather, Carlo or Giacomo Giorgino; her biological father was Francesco Voglia, and her mother was Caterina Fracchi. Her full name was Angela Maddalena Voglia.

Vaini is also known as Vanini.

Sunday, April 13, 2025

Kristina's love of chemistry (alchemy); her allegedly getting duped by Giuseppe Francesco Borri; Cardinal Decio Azzolino introducing her to Pietro Antonio Bandiera; Bandiera gaining Kristina's favour but sometimes allegedly getting physically abused by her; his supposed "roguery"; the failed experiments they embarked on; Kristina promises to protect Bandiera after he is targeted by slanderers; Azzolino's "heirs" getting revenge on Bandiera; Abbot Vannini falls in love with Bandiera's daughter (?) and the results of this; and Kristina becomes fascinated with finding the secret of life extension, from an early posthumous biography, year 1697

Sources:

Histoire des intrigues galantes de la reine Christine de Suede: et de sa cour, pendant son sejour à Rome, pages 83 to 95, by Christian Gottfried Franckenstein, 1697


The history of the intrigues & gallantries of Christina, Queen of Sweden, and of her court whilst she was at Rome faithfully render'd into English from the French original, pages 73 to 82, translated by Philip Hollingworth, 1697 (1927 edition in second link)




Above: Kristina.


Above: Kristina in her distillery room. Illustration from a Dutch translation of this book.

The account:

L'Amour n'étoit pas le seul amusement de la Reine, la Chymie étoit son occupation la plus serieuse, quoy qu'elle eût perdu des sommes considérables à Hambourg à soufler, particuliérement avec le Borry Chymiste Milanois qui est en prison perpetuelle au château Saint Ange, pour heresie, lequel ne lui donna que des cendres, & de la fumée pour deux ou trois mille écus. Les malheureuses expériences l'avoient plûtôt excitée à continuer la recherche de la Pierre Philosophale, qu'elles ne l'avoient desabusée. Dés qu'elle fut arrivée à Rome, elle fit dresser un grand laboratoire dans son palais, où elle passoit la plus grande partie de son tems, & où elle consumoit les plus clairs de ses revenus, non tant en charbon & en ingrediens, que par la friponnerie des gens qu'elle employoit en ce miserable metier, car il est ordinaire aux grands d'être volez par ceux en qui ils se fient le plus. Le Cardinal Azolin qui ne vouloit pas combattre ouvertement la passion dominante de la Reine, lui presenta un nommé Bandiere Chymiste, fils d'un Apoticaire d'une petite ville de Romagne proche de Bologne, croyant par là l'avoir assez engagé à ne faire pas tant de dépense, ni de profusion, en faisant semblant de suivre l'inclination de la Reine pour la Chymie. Mais quoy que cet homme rendît en apparence un compte exact de toutes choses, le Cardinal ne s'apperçeut que troptôt de ses friponneries, puisqu'il y avoit des mois où cette depense pour la Chymie, qu'on appelloit distillerie, montoit à trois, & même à quatre mil livres. Cependant tout son merite n'étoit que q[u]elques secrets de Chymie fort peu utiles, & il ne se soûtenoit que par un caquet mal suivi, & par un reçit fabuleux des belles expériences qu'il n'avoit jamais faites. En peu de tems il eût l'adresse de s'insinuer fort avant dans les bonnes graces de la Reine, par ses complaisances outrées, tant elle étoit facile à se laisser gouverner par des gens de rien. Mais ce procedé ne lui a pas toûjours reüssi, car elle la bâtonné bien des fois, & maltraité en bien des manieres. Il est impossible de dire toutes les friponneries qu'il a faites durant sa vie, sur tout quand il se vit appuyé de la Reine, nonobstant les mauvais traitemens qu'elle lui faisoit quelque fois, mais s'il étoit flateur à l'egard de la Reine, il faisoit le fier envers tout le monde excepté ceux qui lui montroient les dents, car alors il de venoit fort souple, étant le plus poltron de tous les hommes, quoy qu'il allât toûjours armé de pistolets, & de bayonnêtes; menteur au dernier point, traitre autant à ceux qui lui faisoient du bien, qu'à ceux qui lui faisoient du mal, fort addonné aux femmes & presque toûjours yvre, quand il n'avoit pas affaire à la Reine. Quand les fureurs de cette Princesse furent un peu rallenties, c'est à dire aprés trois ou quatre années, elle voulut bien contenter le Cardinal, & faire un parti au Bandiere d'entreprendre cette distilation pour le prix de deux cent pistolles par mois, ce qu'il fut obligé d'accepter, car outre cela, on l'entretenoit d'habits, avec quinze écus de gages par mois, & bien d'autres petits profits; mais il fit tant de friponneries, que pour les specifier toutes, il faudroit avoir une bonne memoire; Ceux qui ont quelque connoissance de la Chymie, sçavent combien d'attirail & de choses il faut mettre en œuvre, tant en charbon, en fourneaux qu'en diverses pieces de terre & de verre, fioles, alembics, mortiers, & autres vases de terre, & de metal: Mais la plus grosse dépense est en drogues, Vif-argent, litarge, plomb, & mille autres ingrediens qu'on pretend convertir en or. La Reine vouloit toûjours aller le même train pour calciner, filtrer, distiller, enfin pour trouver ce qu'el[le] n'a jamais trouvé. Le misérable Bandiere étoit le joüet de la Reine & du Cardinal, lequel voulant degôuter la Reine de ce metier, étoit bien aise de voir aller toutes choses de travers. Ainsi Bandiere passoit les journées avec assez de peine, mais les nuits étoient le comble de ses miseres, car la Reine n'étant alors occupée avec personne, elle le tenoit cloüé des six, & sept heures entiéres sur ses fourneaux, & parce qu'elle ne rencontroit jamais ce qu'elle cherchoit, elle lui jettoit à la tête tout ce qu'elle tenoit sous la main, & lui donnoit de bons coups, avec le grand pillon de bois. Enfin la Reine s'aperçeut que le Cardinal la joüoit, mais pour ne pas rompre le marché avec Bandiere, & pour garder quelques mesures avec lui, sa Majesté s'avisa de lui faire des billets de ce qu'elle vouloit manipuler, croyant epargner d'avantage quand il n'auroit plus le maniment de l'argent, ainsi Bandiere alloit prendre ses poudres & autres drogues chez l'epicier, mais au bout de l'année, le Cardinal decouvrit qu'on étoit arrivé à la premiere dépense. Enfin la Reine renonça pour un tems à la Chymie, par ce que ses rentes ne venoient plus de Suede à cause de la guerre. Elle s'amusoit cependant à faire de petites expériences, & à tirer des sels de plusieurs choses. J'ay vû que Bandiere lui apportoit de petits morceaux de verre qu'on trouve en creusant dans les Caves, des anticailles de Rome, & autres semblables colifichets, quelque fois la Reine lui applaudissoit, mais quelques fois aussi le manche du balay étoit sa recompense. Le miserable étoit quelques fois si chagrin qu'il disoit mille sottises d'elle, que personne n'auroit osé redire à la Reine, parce qu'elle étoit persuadée qu'on lui portoit envie, & que les rapports qu'on faisoit de lui, n'étoient que medisance, & pour le detruire: Enfin ce malheureux aprés avoir bien souffert, faisoit souffrir à son tour tous les autres, parce qu'il prevenoit la Reine, & entroit à toute heure où elle se trouvoit. Il devint le protecteur de toutes les infamies qui se commettoient au quartier de sa Majesté, s'etant ligué avec le Marquis Delmonte, pour lui découvrir tout ce qui se passoit entre cette Princesse, & le Cardinal, ce qui ne lui étoit pas dificile, saçhant tous les coins du Palais, où il se pouvoit cacher pour tout entendre. Le Cardinal desesperé lui joüa un tour de souplesse pour le perdre. Il commença à le caresser de nouveau, & il insinua à la Reine de lui mettre entre les mains les aumônes de cent écus par mois, qu'elle faisoit distribuer aux pauvres familles de Rome, Il fut ravi de ce pieux employ, mais de la maniere qu'il se comporta, le Cardinal eût bientôt lieu de se venger des chagrins qu'il lui avoit donné, car ce coquin en distribuant les aumônes, au lieu de les donner à d'honnêtes familles selon l'intention de la Reine, il les distribuoit à des gens de mauvaise vie pour assouvir ses passions infames, & comme il étoit obligé de montrer des certificats de pauvreté sous signez de curez, il les faisoit contrefaire, ou s'il s'adressoit à des femmes & filles d'honneur pour avoir quelques certificats veritables, il faisoit tant qu'il les subornoit la plûpart à la seconde ou 3. visite de charité, pour leur faire l'aumône secréte: Celles qui ne vouloient pas s'abbandonner à lui, étoient privées de l'aumône, & il faisoit son rapport que c'étoient des gens perdus de reputation, qui ne meritoient pas que la Reine leur fît la charité. On en murmura, on s'en plaignit même au Cardinal, mais il n'en voulut point prendre connoissance, & renvoya les pauvres & les curez s'en plaindre à la Reine. Un curé zêlé de ceux qu'on appelloit les Barbons du Pape, vint hardiment un jour trouver sa Majesté, mais soit que ce Prêtre ne voulut pas demeurer d'accord de sa foiblesse, & de son mauvais choix en la personne de Bandiere pour son aumonier secret, le Barbon fut rabroué, & Bandiere en niant ses mauvaises actions fut crû sur sa parole. Mais comme c'étoit un miserable que nulle politique ne rendoit sage, il en fit tant que le Pape qui étoit Innocent XI. en eût des plaintes de tous cotez. Le Cardinal Azolin allant à l'audience du St. Pere, reconnut que le Pape étoit en colere, & il le lui marqua de maniere que le Cardinal ne pût se defendre d'écrire un billet à la Reine, des plaintes qu'on faisoit de Bandiere. Ce billet arriva malheureusement dans le tems que la Reine étoit broüillée avec la Cardinal pour d'autres affaires, ainsi il ne fut pas bien reçeu, au contraire elle le donna par depit à Bandiere, en lui disant «tien Bandiere ces méchans prêtres te voulent ruiner auprés de moy, mais moque toy d[']eux je te protegeray toûjours»: Bandiere se jettant aux genoux de la Reine, avec des larmes de Crocodile, lui demanda sa protection, & puis alla montrer le billet au Cardinal à tout le monde, en disant mille sottises. Le pauvre Cardinal voyant que la Reine l'avoit sacrifié fit semblant de n'en rien sçavoir, & pour avoir le bien de sa Majesté aprés sa mort il en a bien souffert d'autres de Bandiere, je n'en rapporte pas la dixiéme partie; Mais les Heritiers de ce Cardinal se sont bien vangez de ce misérable, & l'ont reduit à mourir de necessité, aprés avoir été le rebut, & l'opprobre de tous ceux qui l'avoient connu. Comme c'étoit une mechante langue, & qu'il avoit offensé tout le monde, il ne trouva point d'amis dans le besoin & même il ne faut pas s'etonner, si ayant des honnoré tant d'honnêtes familles, Dieu ait permis que la sienne l'ait été aussi. Il avoit une fille assez belle, mais fort ambitieuse, qui ne se contentoit pas des habits que son Pere lui faisoit porter, parçe que c'étoit un avaricieux qui lui faisoit souvent manquer le necessaire; Il n'étoit pourtant mênager que chez lui. Un certain Abbé devint amoureux de cette fille, c'est un Gentilhomme Italien d'assez bonne maison, appellé l'Abbé vannini, lequel deviendra fort fameux par ses violences dans la suite de cette histoire. Comme ce Prelat a toûjours voulu de frians morceaux, & qu'il ne regardoit point à la dépense, on écouta bientôt ses propositions. La conclusion se fit sans grands preliminaires, car en Italie on vient d'abord au fait en ces sortes d'affaires, & parce que les occasions sont plus rares qu'ailleurs, quand elles se presentent, on ne manque pas d'en profiter. Un soir bien tard que Bandiere, selon la coûtume, revenoit de chez la Reine, il trouva un Garde à la porte de son logis qui ne voulut pas le laisser entrer, & parce que Bandiere avoit dit qu'il coucheroit chez la Reine où il avoit un lit, nos amans ne s'attendoient pas qu'il vint interrompre leurs plaisirs, & troubler la fête. Bandiere chassé de sa maison mit la main au pistolet, mais soit qu'il ne prît pas feu, ou qu'il ne sçût pas s'en servir, deux hommes se jettérent sur sa fripperie, & le roüérent de coups, ne le voulans pas tuer. Il fut accompagné par ces gens incommodes, jusques chez son bon ami le Marquis Delmonte, où il se refugia, & passa fort mal le reste de la nuit, & cependant l'Amant de sa fille s'evada, mais on sçût cette histoire dés le lendemain par toute la Ville. Bandiere en porta ses plaintes à la Reine, mais comme elle se payoit quelques fois de raison, elle lui dit qu'il ne devoit pas trouver etrange qu'on l'eût auné à la même mesure qu'il avoit mesuré les autres. Le Cardinal Azolin en rit de tout son cœur, & le Marquis Delmonte aprés avoir eu sa part au gâteau, fit en sorte de porter la Reine à faire mettre cette fille dans un monastere pour quelque tems. Cependant il s'est trouvé un niais qui l[']a epousée malgré ses parens, qui connoissoient mieux la fille que lui, mais la pauvre misérable mourut en couche de son premier enfant.

Non seulement la Reine cherchoit l'art de faire de l'or, mais elle pretendoit trouver la Medecine universelle, & le secret de vivre plus d'un siecle: Comme elle croyoit de leger, ayant lû dans le mercure Galand un secret sur ce sujet, elle voulut l'eprouver sur sa personne, sans autre precaution, mais elle en pensa crever, & s'en seroit trouvée trés mal, si l'on ne l'avoit secourüe au plus vîte. Cette experience n'ayant pas reüssi, elle se laissa encore attraper quelque tems aprés, par un Anglois Chymiste, lequel aprés l'avoir entretenuë un jour de plusieurs choses assez curieuses, l'assûra qu'il avoit un secret pour prolonger la vie, & qu'une personne de 50 à soixante ans pourroit se maintenir avec la même vigueur, jusqu'à six vingts ans & tirer encore plus loin. Il en fit l'application sur soy même ou à l'âge de 70 ans, à ce qu'il disoit, il avoit encore bon appetit, dormoit bien & faisoit toutes les fonctions de la vie comme un homme de 50 ans. Il lui montra pour preuve de son sçavoir, plusieurs certificats de quantité de personnes, que non seulement il disoit avoir gueries d'etranges maladies, mais qu'il avoit rajeunies, & auxquelles il avoit donné de la vigueur. Il fit une experience sur le Marquis Delmonte, qui montra une vigueur extréme dans un combat d'amour, & il assûra la Reine que ce Marquis à l'âge de 60 ans n'avoit jamais eu plus de vigueur qu'alors. Il n'en falut pas d'avantage afin que la Reine prît feu. Le Charlatan Anglois sçût si bien la persuader qu'elle voulut avoir son secret. Cet homme témoigna qu'il n'avoit jamais voulu l'enseigner à personne, mais qu'il lui fourniroit la dose dont elle pourroit se servir, ce qui lui suffisoit sans l'obliger à declarer son secret, parce que sa Majesté étant la plus genereuse Reine du monde, elle ne feroit pas dificulté de l'apprendre à bien des gens, que pour lui ce secret étoit tout son tresor. Enfin la Reine echauffée lui promit dix mille écus pour sçavoir son secret, à condition qu'il s'en iroit hors de l'Italie, & qu'il n'y mettroit plus de pied, mais il faisoit toûjours le rencheri. Le Marquis Delmonte qui pretendoit en tirer sa part, persuadoit la Reine de ne point laisser echapper ce secret, ainsi la chose vint si avant qu'on lui offrit trente mille écus. Le Cardinal Azolin l'ayant sçû, fut tout epouvanté d'une si grosse somme; Car la Reine vouloit lui donner une cedule sur le banc où le Saint Esprit étoit en depost, ou lui mettre des pierreries entre les mains pour sa seureté. Un jour étant parmi ses filles dans le tems qu'on la peignoit, elle dit, «je ne veux mettre sur les modes plus que jamais, mon secret fera bien soupirer des gens, & en pourra rejoüir d'autres. J'espere en Dieu de vivre encore plus que je n'ay véçû, & bien au de là, & de voir encore une douzaine de pontifes; c'est là où j'apprendray bien des choses que je pourray assûrer d'avoir vuës, quoy que le Cardinal Ricci ait dit de moy; «La Reine de Suede mange beaucoup, mais elle digére peu parce qu'elle ne mâche pas assez, cela avancera sa mort». Il est mort lui même ce vieux fou, mais moy je vivray long tems», & autres semblables pauvretez: mais ces belles esperances s'evanoüirent bien-tôt, car le Cardinal Azolin, avec cent pistolles chassa l'Anglois de Rome, quoyque lui même ait fait voir depuis une semblable foiblesse dans sa derniere maladie, où il voulut acheter deux mille écus une pillule composée par le Marquis Santinelli.

With modernised spelling:

L'amour n'était pas le seul amusement de la reine. La chimie était son occupation la plus sérieuse, quoiqu'elle eût perdu des sommes considérables à Hambourg à souffler, particulièrement avec le Borri, chimiste milanais, qui est en prison perpétuelle au château Saint-Ange pour hérésie, lequel ne lui donna que des cendres et de la fumée pour deux ou trois mille écus. Les malheureuses expériences l'avaient plutôt excitée à continuer la recherche de la pierre philosophale qu'elles ne l'avaient désabusée.

Dès qu'elle fut arrivée à Rome, elle fit dresser un grand laboratoire dans son palais, où elle passait la plus grande partie de son temps et où elle consumait les plus clairs de ses revenus, non tant en charbon et en ingrédients que par la friponnerie des gens qu'elle employait en ce misérable métier, car il est ordinaire aux grands d'être volés par ceux en qui ils se fient le plus.

Le cardinal Azzolin, qui ne voulait pas combattre ouvertement la passion dominante de la reine, lui présenta un nommé Bandière, chimiste, fils d'un apothicaire d'une petite ville de Romagne proche de Bologne, croyant par là l'avoir assez engagé à ne faire pas tant de dépense, ni de profusion en faisant semblant de suivre l'inclination de la reine pour la chimie. Mais, quoique cet homme rendît en apparence un compte exact de toutes choses, le cardinal ne s'aperçut que trop tôt de ses friponneries, puisqu'il y avait des mois où cette dépense pour la chimie, qu'on appelait distillerie, montait à trois et même à quatre mille livres.

Cependant, tout son mérite n'était que quelques secrets de chimie fort peu utiles, et il ne se soutenait que par un caquet mal suivi et par un récit fabuleux des belles expériences qu'il n'avait jamais faites. En peu de temps il eut l'adresse de s'insinuer fort avant dans les bonnes grâces de la reine par ses complaisances outrées, tant elle était facile à se laisser gouverner par des gens de rien. Mais ce procédé ne lui a pas toujours réussi, car elle la bâtonné bien des fois et maltraité en bien des manières.

Il est impossible de dire toutes les friponneries qu'il a faites durant sa vie, surtout quand il se vit appuyé de la reine, nonobstant les mauvais traitements qu'elle lui faisait quelquefois; mais, s'il était flatteur à l'égard de la reine, il faisait le fier envers tout le monde excepté ceux qui lui montraient les dents, car alors il de venait fort souple, étant le plus poltron de tous les hommes, quiqu'il allât toujours armé de pistolets et de baïonnettes — menteur au dernier point, traitre autant à ceux qui lui faisaient du bien qu'à ceux qui lui faisaient du mal, fort adonné aux femmes et presque toujours ivre quand il n'avait pas affaire à la reine.

Quand les fureurs de cette princesse furent un peu rallenties, c'est-à-dire après trois ou quatre années, elle voulut bien contenter le cardinal et faire un parti au Bandière d'entreprendre cette distilation pour le prix de deux cent pistoles par mois, ce qu'il fut obligé d'accepter, car outre cela on l'entretenait d'habits avec quinze écus de gages par mois et bien d'autres petits profits; mais il fit tant de friponneries que, pour les spécifier toutes, il faudrait avoir une bonne mémoire.

Ceux qui ont quelque connaissance de la chimie savent combien d'attirail et de choses il faut mettre en œuvre tant en charbon, en fourneaux qu'en diverses pièces de terre et de verre, fioles, alambics, mortiers et autres vases de terre et de métal; mais la plus grosse dépense est en drogues, vif-argent, litharge, plomb et mille autres ingrédients qu'on prétend convertir en or. La reine voulait toujours aller le même train pour calciner, filtrer, distiller, enfin pour trouver ce qu'elle n'a jamais trouvé. Le misérable Bandière était le jouet de la reine et du cardinal, lequel, voulant dégoûter la reine de ce métier, était bien aise de voir aller toutes choses de travers.

Ainsi Bandière passait les journées avec assez de peine, mais les nuits étaient le comble de ses misères, car la reine n'étant alors occupée avec personne, elle le tenait cloué des six et sept heures entières sur ses fourneaux; et parce qu'elle ne rencontrait jamais ce qu'elle cherchait, elle lui jetait à la tête tout ce qu'elle tenait sous la main et lui donnait de bons coups avec le grand pilon de bois.

Enfin la reine s'aperçut que le cardinal la jouait; mais, pour ne pas rompre le marché avec Bandière, et pour garder quelques mesures avec lui, Sa Majesté s'avisa de lui faire des billets de ce qu'elle voulait manipuler, croyant épargner d'avantage quand il n'aurait plus le maniment de l'argent, ainsi Bandière allait prendre ses poudres et autres drogues chez l'épicier. Mais, au bout de l'année, le cardinal découvrit qu'on était arrivé à la première dépense.

Enfin la reine renonça pour un temps à la chimie, parce que ses rentes ne venaient plus de Suède, à cause de la guerre. Elle s'amusait cependant à faire de petites expériences et à tirer des sels de plusieurs choses. J'ai vu que Bandière lui apportait de petits morceaux de verre qu'on trouve en creusant dans les caves, des antiquailles de Rome et autres semblables colifichets. Quelquefois la reine lui applaudissait, mais quelquefois aussi le manche du balai était sa récompense.

Le miserable était quelquefois si chagrin qu'il disait mille sottises d'elle que personne n'aurait osé redire à la reine, parce qu'elle était persuadée qu'on lui portait envie et que les rapports qu'on faisait de lui n'étaient que médisance, et pour le détruire. Enfin ce malheureux, après avoir bien souffert, faisait souffrir à son tour tous les autres, parce qu'il prévenait la reine et entrait à toute heure où elle se trouvait.

Il devint le protecteur de toutes les infamies qui se commettaient au quartier de Sa Majesté, s'étant ligué avec le marquis del Monte pour lui découvrir tout ce qui se passait entre cette princesse et le cardinal, ce qui ne lui était pas dificile, sachant tous les coins du palais, où il se pouvait cacher pour tout entendre. Le cardinal, désespéré, lui joua un tour de souplesse pour le perdre. Il commença à le caresser de nouveau, et il insinua à la reine de lui mettre entre les mains les aumônes de cent écus par mois qu'elle faisait distribuer aux pauvres familles de Rome.

Il fut ravi de ce pieux emploi, mais de la manière qu'il se comporta, le cardinal eut bientôt lieu de se venger des chagrins qu'il lui avait donné, car ce coquin, en distribuant les aumônes, au lieu de les donner à d'honnêtes familles selon l'intention de la reine, il les distribuait à des gens de mauvaise vie pour assouvir ses passions infâmes; et comme il était obligé de montrer des certificats de pauvreté soussignés de curés, il les faisait contrefaire, ou s'il s'adressait à des femmes et filles d'honneur pour avoir quelques certificats véritables.

Il faisait tant qu'il les subornait la plupart à la seconde ou troisième visite de charité pour leur faire l'aumône secrète. Celles qui ne voulaient pas s'abandonner à lui étaient privées de l'aumône, et il faisait son rapport que c'étaient des gens perdus de réputation, qui ne méritaient pas que la reine leur fît la charité. On en murmura, on s'en plaignit même au cardinal, mais il n'en voulut point prendre connaissance et renvoya les pauvres et les curés s'en plaindre à la reine.

Un curé, zélé de ceux qu'on appelait les barbons du pape, vint hardiment un jour trouver Sa Majesté, mais soit que ce prêtre ne voulut pas demeurer d'accord de sa faiblesse et de son mauvais choix en la personne de Bandière pour son aumônier secret, le barbon fut rabroué; et Bandière, en niant ses mauvaises actions, fut cru sur sa parole. Mais, comme c'était un misérable que nulle politique ne rendait sage, il en fit tant que le pape (qui était Innocent XI) en eut des plaintes de tous côtés.

Le cardinal Azzolin, allant à l'audience du Saint Père, reconnut que le pape était en colère, et il le lui marqua de manière que le cardinal ne put se défendre d'écrire un billet à la reine, des plaintes qu'on faisait de Bandière. Ce billet arriva malheureusement dans le temps que la reine était brouillée avec la cardinal pour d'autres affaires; ainsi il ne fut pas bien reçu — au contraire, elle le donna par dépit à Bandière en lui disant:

«Tiens, Bandière; ces méchants prêtres te voulent ruiner auprès de moi, mais moque-toi d'eux. Je te protégerai toujours.»

Bandière, se jetant aux genoux de la reine, avec des larmes de crocodile, lui demanda sa protection, et puis alla montrer le billet au cardinal à tout le monde, en disant mille sottises. Le pauvre cardinal, voyant que la reine l'avait, sacrifié fit semblant de n'en rien savoir; et, pour avoir le bien de Sa Majesté après sa mort, il en a bien souffert d'autres de Bandière. Je n'en rapporte pas la dixième partie; mais les héritiers de ce cardinal se sont bien vengés de ce misérable et l'ont reduit à mourir de nécessité, après avoir été le rebut et l'opprobre de tous ceux qui l'avaient connu.

Comme c'était une méchante langue et qu'il avait offensé tout le monde, il ne trouva point d'amis dans le besoin, et même il ne faut pas s'étonner si, ayant déshonoré tant d'honnêtes familles, Dieu ait permis que la sienne l'ait été aussi. Il avait une fille assez belle, mais fort ambitieuse, qui ne se contentait pas des habits que son père lui faisait porter, parce que c'était un avaricieux qui lui faisait souvent manquer le nécessaire. Il n'était pourtant ménager que chez lui.

Un certain abbé devint amoureux de cette fille. C'est un gentilhomme italien d'assez bonne maison, appelé l'abbé Vanini, lequel deviendra fort fameux par ses violences dans la suite de cette histoire. Comme ce prélat a toujours voulu de friands morceaux et qu'il ne regardait point à la dépense, on écouta bientôt ses propositions. La conclusion se fit sans grands préliminaires, car en Italie on vient d'abord au fait en ces sortes d'affaires; et parce que les occasions sont plus rares qu'ailleurs, quand elles se présentent on ne manque pas d'en profiter.

Un soir bien tard que Bandière, selon la coutume, revenait de chez la reine, il trouva un garde à la porte de son logis qui ne voulut pas le laisser entrer, et parce que Bandière avait dit qu'il coucherait chez la reine, où il avait un lit, nos amants ne s'attendaient pas qu'il vint interrompre leurs plaisirs et troubler la fête. Bandière, chassé de sa maison, mit la main au pistolet, mais, soit qu'il ne prît pas feu, ou qu'il ne sût pas s'en servir, deux hommes se jetèrent sur sa fripperie et le rouèrent de coups, ne le voulants pas tuer.

Il fut accompagné par ces gens incommodes, jusque chez son bon ami le marquis del Monte, où il se refugia et passa fort mal le reste de la nuit; et cependant l'amant de sa fille s'évada, mais on sut cette histoire dès le lendemain par toute la ville. Bandière en porta ses plaintes à la reine, mais, comme elle se payait quelquefois de raison, elle lui dit qu'il ne devait pas trouver étrange qu'on l'eût auné à la même mesure qu'il avait mesuré les autres.

Le cardinal Azzolin en rit de tout son cœur, et le marquis del Monte, après avoir eu sa part au gâteau, fit en sorte de porter la reine à faire mettre cette fille dans un monastère pour quelque temps. Cependant, il s'est trouvé un niais qui l'a épousée malgré ses parents, qui connaissaient mieux la fille que lui; mais la pauvre misérable mourut en couche de son premier enfant.

Non seulement la reine cherchait l'art de faire de l'or, mais elle prétendait trouver la médecine universelle et le secret de vivre plus d'un siècle. Comme elle croyait de léger, ayant lu dans le Mercure galant un secret sur ce sujet, elle voulut l'éprouver sur sa personne sans autre précaution, mais elle en pensa crever et s'en serait trouvée très mal si l'on ne l'avait secourue au plus vite.

Cette expérience n'ayant pas réussi, elle se laissa encore attraper quelque temps après par un anglais chimiste, lequel, après l'avoir entretenue un jour de plusieurs choses assez curieuses, l'assura qu'il avait un secret pour prolonger la vie et qu'une personne de cinquante à soixante ans pourrait se maintenir avec la même vigueur jusqu'à six-vingts ans et tirer encore plus loin. Il en fit l'application sur soi-même, où, à l'âge de 70 ans, à ce qu'il disait, il avait encore bon appetit, dormait bien et faisait toutes les fonctions de la vie comme un homme de 50 ans.

Il lui montra pour preuve de son savoir plusieurs certificats de quantité de personnes que non seulement il disait avoir guéries d'étranges maladies, mais qu'il avait rajeunies, et auxquelles il avait donné de la vigueur. Il fit une expérience sur le marquis del Monte, qui montra une vigueur extrême dans un combat d'amour, et il assura la reine que ce marquis, à l'âge de 60 ans, n'avait jamais eu plus de vigueur qu'alors.

Il n'en fallut pas davantage afin que la reine prit feu. Le charlatan anglais sut si bien la persuader qu'elle voulut avoir son secret. Cet homme témoigna qu'il n'avait jamais voulu l'enseigner à personne, mais qu'il lui fournirait la dose dont elle pourrait se servir, ce qui lui suffisait sans l'obliger à déclarer son secret, parce que Sa Majesté, étant la plus généreuse reine du monde, elle ne ferait pas difficulté de l'apprendre à bien des gens, que pour lui ce secret était tout son trésor.

Enfin la reine, échauffée, lui promit dix mille écus pour savoir son secret, à condition qu'il s'en irait hors de l'Italie et qu'il n'y mettrait plus de pied, mais il faisait toujours le renchéri. Le marquis del Monte, qui prétendait en tirer sa part, persuadait la reine de ne point laisser échapper ce secret. Ainsi la chose vint si avant qu'on lui offrit trente mille écus. Le cardinal Azzolin, l'ayant su, fut tout épouvanté d'une si grosse somme, car la reine voulait lui donner une cédule sur le banc où le Saint Esprit était en dépôt, ou lui mettre des pierreries entre les mains pour sa sûreté.

Un jour, étant parmi ses filles dans le temps qu'on la peignait, elle dit:

«Je ne veux mettre sur les modes plus que jamais. Mon secret fera bien soupirer des gens et en pourra réjouir d'autres. J'espère en Dieu de vivre encore plus que je n'ai vécu — et bien au-delà — et de voir encore une douzaine de pontifes. C'est là où j'apprendrai bien des choses que je pourrai assurer d'avoir vues, quoique le cardinal Ricci ait dit de moi: «La reine de Suède mange beaucoup, mais elle digère peu, parce qu'elle ne mâche pas assez; cela avancera sa mort.»

Il est mort lui-même, ce vieux fou, mais moi, je vivrai longtemps»,

et autres semblables pauvretés.

Mais ces belles espérances s'évanouirent bientôt, car le cardinal Azzolin, avec cent pistoles, chassa l'Anglais de Rome, quoique lui-même ait fait voir depuis une semblable faiblesse dans sa dernière maladie, où il voulut acheter deux mille écus une pilule composée par le marquis Santinelli.

Swedish translation (my own):

Kärleken var inte drottningens enda nöje. Kemi var hennes allvarligaste sysselsättning, även om hon hade förlorat avsevärda summor i Hamburg på att blåsa, särskilt med Borri, en milanesisk kemist, som sitter i evigt fängelse i Castel Sant'Angelo för kätteri, som inte gav henne annat än aska och rök för två eller tre tusen écus. De olyckliga experimenten hade mer upphetsat henne att fortsätta sökandet efter de vises sten än de hade missbrukat henne.

Så snart hon anlände till Rom lät hon bygga ett stort laboratorium i sitt palats, där hon tillbringade större delen av sin tid och där hon förbrukade huvuddelen av sin inkomst, inte så mycket i kol och ingredienser som i skurkaktigheten hos de människor hon anställde i denna eländiga handel, ty det är vanligt att stora människor blir rånade av dem som de litar mest på.

Kardinal Azzolino, som inte öppet ville bekämpa drottningens dominerande passion, presenterade för henne en man vid namn Bandiera, en kemist, son till en apotekare från en liten stad i Romagna nära Bologna, och trodde att han därigenom tillräckligt hade övertalat honom att inte spendera så mycket eller att vara så produktiv i att låtsas följa drottningens böjelse för kemin. Men även om denne man tydligen gav en exakt redogörelse för allt, upptäckte kardinalen bara alltför snart sin skurkaktighet, ty det fanns månader då dessa utgifter för kemi, som kallades destilleri, uppgick till tre och till och med fyra tusen livres.

Men alla hans förtjänster var bara några mycket värdelösa hemligheter inom kemin, och han försörjde sig endast av ett dåligt följt prat och av en fantastisk redogörelse för de vackra experiment han aldrig hade gjort. På kort tid hade han skickligheten att insinuera sig väl in i drottningens goda nåder genom sina upprörande komplimanger, så lätt var hon att låta sig styras av oduglingar. Men detta förfarande lyckades honom inte alltid, ty hon slog honom med en batong många gånger och misshandlade honom på många sätt.

Det är omöjligt att berätta om alla de skurkaktigheter han begått under sitt liv, särskilt när han fann sig stöttad av drottningen, trots den dåliga behandling hon ibland gav honom; men om han var smickrande mot drottningen, så uppträdde han stolt mot alla utom dem som visade honom sina tänder, för då blev han mycket smidig, var den fegaste av alla män, som alltid gick beväpnade med pistoler och bajonetter — en lögnare i högsta grad, en förrädare lika mycket mot dem som gjorde honom gott som mot dem som gjorde honom dåligt, ytterst beroende av kvinnor och nästan alltid full när han inte hade att göra med drottningen.

De som har viss kunskap i kemi vet hur mycket attiraljer och saker som måste användas både i kol, ugnar och olika bitar av jord och glas, fiol, alambiker, mortlar och andra lergods och metallkärl; men den största kostnaden ligger i droger, kvicksilver, litharge, bly och tusen andra ingredienser som påstås omvandlas till guld. Drottningen ville alltid gärna gå samma väg för att kalcinera, filtrera och destillera — kort sagt, för att hitta det hon aldrig hittade. Den eländige Bandiera var drottningens och kardinalens leksak, som ville göra drottningen äcklad av detta yrke och var mycket glad över att se att allt gick fel.

Sålunda tillbringade Bandiera dagarna med tillräckligt svårt, men nätterna var höjden av hans elände, för drottningen, då han då inte var upptagen med någon, höll honom spikad i sex eller sju timmar på sina spisar; och eftersom hon aldrig fann det hon sökte, kastade hon i huvudet allt hon hade till hands och gav honom goda slag med den stora mortelstöten.

Till slut insåg drottningen att kardinalen vilseledde henne; men för att inte bryta köpet med Bandiera, och för att hålla vissa åtgärder med honom, tog Hennes Majestät det in i hennes huvud att skriva till honom biljetter för vad hon ville manipulera, och trodde att hon skulle spara mer när han inte längre hade förmågan att hantera pengar, så Bandiera skulle gå och hämta hans pulver och andra droger från specerihandlaren. Men i slutet av året upptäckte kardinalen att den första kostnaden hade uppnåtts.

Till sist gav drottningen upp kemin för en tid, ty hennes inkomster inte längre kom från Sverige på grund av kriget. Hon roade sig dock med att göra små experiment och utvinna salter från olika saker. Jag har sett att Bandiera tog med sig små glasbitar som man hittar när man grävde i källare, antikviteter från Rom och andra liknande prydnadssaker. Ibland applåderade drottningen honom, men ibland var också kvastskaftet hans belöning.

Stackaren blev ibland så upprörd att han sade tusen dumma saker om henne som ingen skulle ha vågat upprepa för drottningen, ty hon var övertygad om att folk avundades honom och att de rapporter som gjordes om honom inte var annat än förtal och avsedda att förgöra honom. Slutligen fick denna olyckliga man, efter att ha lidit mycket, alla andra att lida i tur och ordning, ty han varnade drottningen och gick in var hon än var när som helst.

Han blev beskyddare av alla infamier som begicks i Hennes Majestäts kvarter, efter att ha slagit sig samman med markisen del Monte för att avslöja för honom allt som hände mellan denna prinsessa och kardinalen, vilket inte var svårt för honom, eftersom han kände till varje hörn av palatset, där han kunde gömma sig för att höra allt. Kardinalen, i förtvivlan, spelade ett knep av smidighet för att förlora honom. Han började smickra honom igen, och han insinuerade till drottningen att lägga i hans händer de allmosor på hundra écus per månad som hon hade delat ut till de fattiga familjerna i Rom.

Han var förtjust i denna fromma sysselsättning, men på grund av det sätt som han uppförde sig på, fick kardinalen snart anledning att hämnas för de sorger han vållat honom, emedan denne skurk, genom att dela ut allmosor, i stället för att ge dem till ärliga familjer, enligt drottningens avsikt, delade han ut dem till människor av dåligt levnadssätt för att tillfredsställa sin ökända passion; och då han var skyldig att visa av kurater undertecknade fattigdomsbevis, lät han förfalska dem, eller om han riktade sig till kvinnor och hederspigor för att ha några äkta certifikat.

Han gjorde så mycket att han mutade de flesta av dem vid det andra eller tredje välgörenhetsbesöket för att ge dem hemliga allmosor. De som inte ville överge sig åt honom blev berövade allmosor, och han rapporterade att de var människor med förlorat rykte, som inte förtjänade att drottningen skulle ge dem välgörenhet. Det mumlades om det och till och med klagomål till kardinalen, men han vägrade att ta hänsyn och skickade tillbaka de fattiga och kuraterna för att klaga till drottningen.

En kurat, en nitisk av dem som kallades påvens barboni, kom en dag frimodigt för att finna Hennes Majestät, men emedan denne kurat inte ville instämma i hennes svaghet och hennes dåliga val i Bandieras person för hennes hemlige kapellan, blev barbonen avvisad; och Bandiera, genom att förneka sina dåliga handlingar, troddes på hans ord. Men eftersom han var en stackare som ingen politik kunde göra klok, gjorde han så mycket att påven (som var Innocentius XI) hade klagomål från alla håll.

Kardinal Azzolino, som gick till audiensen med den Helige Fadern, insåg att påven var arg, och han gjorde det klart för honom på ett sådant sätt att kardinalen inte kunde motstå att skriva en lapp till drottningen och informera dem om klagomålen om Bandiera. Tyvärr kom denna lapp vid en tidpunkt då drottningen var i strid med kardinalen i andra frågor; sålunda blev den inte väl mottagen — tvärtom, hon gav den till Bandiera av trots och sade:

»Här, Bandiera; dessa onda präster vill förstöra dig i mina ögon, men skratta åt dem. Jag kommer alltid att skydda dig.«

Bandiera, som kastade sig på drottningens knä, med krokodiltårar, bad om hennes skydd och gick sedan för att visa lappen för kardinalen för alla och sade tusen nonsens. Den stackars kardinalen, som såg att drottningen hade offrat honom, låtsades inte veta något om det; och för att upprätthålla Hennes Majestäts lycka efter hans död, led han många fler av Bandiera. Jag redovisar inte en tiondel av den; men arvingarna till denne kardinal tog sin hämnd på denne stackare och reducerade honom till att dö av nöd, efter att ha varit utstötta och utsatta för alla dem som känt honom.

Eftersom han hade en ond tunga och hade förolämpat alla, fann han inga vänner i nöd, och det är verkligen inte förvånande att Gud, efter att ha vanhedrat så många ärliga familjer, lät hans egna också vanäras. Han hade en ganska vacker men mycket ambitiös dotter, som inte nöjde sig med de kläder hennes far fick henne att bära eftersom han var en snålhet som ofta lämnade henne utan förnödenheter. Ändå var han bara husman hemma.

En viss abbot blev kär i denna flicka. Han var en italiensk herre av ganska god familj, kallad abbot Vanini, som skulle bli mycket känd för sitt våld under den här historiens gång. Eftersom denne prelat alltid ville ha läckra småbitar och inte tittade på bekostnad, lyssnades snart på hans förslag. Slutsatsen nåddes utan större förberedelser, ty i Italien kommer man först till punkten i det här slags affärer; och eftersom möjligheter är mer sällsynta än någon annanstans, när de dyker upp, misslyckas man inte att utnyttja dem.

En sen kväll, när Bandiera var på väg tillbaka från hos drottningen, som var hans sed, fann han en vakt vid dörren till sitt logi som inte ville släppa in honom. Eftersom Bandiera hade sagt att han skulle sova hos drottningen, där han hade en säng, förväntade sig inte våra älskare att han skulle komma och avbryta deras nöjen och störa festen. Bandiera, jagad från sitt hus, fick tag på en pistolett, men antingen för att den inte avfyrade, eller för att han inte visste hur han skulle använda den, kastade två män sig på hans kläder och slog honom, utan att de ville döda honom.

Kardinal Azzolino skrattade hjärtligt åt detta, och markisen del Monte, efter att ha fått sin del av kakan, såg till att övertala drottningen att låta denna flicka placeras i ett kloster ett tag. Men det fanns en dåre som gifte sig med henne trots hennes föräldrar, som kände flickan bättre än han; men den stackars flickan dog när hon födde sitt första barn.

Drottningen sökte inte bara konsten att tillverka guld, utan hon påstod sig ha hittat den universella medicinen och hemligheten med att leva i mer än ett sekel. Eftersom hon ansåg att det var oseriöst, efter att ha läst en hemlighet i Le Mercure galant om detta ämne, ville hon testa den på sig själv utan några andra försiktighetsåtgärder, men hon trodde att hon skulle dö och skulle ha befunnits mycket sjuk om hon inte hade blivit frisk så snabbt som möjligt.

Efter att detta experiment inte lyckats, lät hon sig en tid senare fångas igen av en engelsk kemist, som, efter att ha underhållit henne en dag med flera ganska märkliga saker, försäkrade henne att han hade en hemlighet att förlänga livet och att en person på femtio till sextio år kunde upprätthålla sig själv med samma kraft till sextioårsåldern och gå ännu längre. Han tillämpade det på sig själv, där han vid sjuttio års ålder, sade han, fortfarande hade god aptit, sov gott och utförde livets alla funktioner som en man på femtio år.

Som bevis på sin kunskap visade han henne flera intyg från en mängd människor som han påstod sig inte bara ha bott från märkliga sjukdomar utan också föryngrat och som han givit kraft åt. Han utförde ett experiment på markisen del Monte, som visade extrem kraft i en kärleksstrid, och han försäkrade drottningen att denne markis, vid 60 års ålder, aldrig hade haft mer kraft än då.

Detta var allt som krävdes för att drottningen skulle fatta eld. Den engelske charlatanen var så bra på att övertala henne att hon ville ha hans hemlighet. Denne man betygade att han aldrig hade velat lära ut det för någon, men att han skulle ge henne den dos hon kunde använda, vilket var tillräckligt för henne utan att tvinga honom att avslöja sin hemlighet, ty Hennes Majestät, som är den mest generösa drottningen i världen, inte skulle ha några svårigheter att lära ut det för många människor, och att för honom var detta hemlighetsmakeri hela hans skatt.

Slutligen lovade den upphetsade drottningen honom tio tusen écus för att lära sig hans hemlighet, på villkor att han skulle lämna Italien och aldrig sätta sin fot där igen, men han överträffade henne alltid. Markisen del Monte, som påstod sig få sin del, övertalade drottningen att inte låta denna hemlighet fly. Så kom saken till en sådan spets att han erbjöds trettio tusen écus. Kardinal Azzolino blev, efter att ha fått veta detta, alldeles förskräckt över en så stor summa, ty drottningen ville ge honom ett intyg på deposition på Banco di Spirito Santo eller lägga ädelstenar i hans händer för hans säkerhet.

En dag, bland sina flickor medan hon höll på att kamma håret, sade hon:

»Jag vill vara på modet mer än någonsin. Min hemlighet kommer att få vissa människor att sucka och kan glädja andra. Jag hoppas på Gud att få leva ännu längre än jag har levt — och långt bortom — och att se ett dussin fler påvar. Det är där jag kommer att lära mig många saker som jag kan försäkra mig om att ha sett, även om kardinal Ricci sade om mig: »Drottningen av Sverige äter mycket, men hon äter så mycket; detta kommer att påskynda hennes död.«

Han är själv död, den gamle tokstollen, men jag, jag kommer att leva länge.«

och annan liknande påverheter.

Men dessa fina förhoppningar försvann snart, ty kardinal Azzolino drev med hundra pistoler engelsmannen från Rom, fastän han själv sedan dess visat en liknande svaghet i sin sista sjukdom, där han ville köpa för två tusen écus ett piller komponerat av markisen Santinelli.

English translation (by Hollingworth):

But Love was not the only amusement of this Royal Lady; Chymistry was her more serious business, though she had lost considerable Sums of Money by it at Hamburgh; and particularly with one Borry a Chymist of Milan, who is now condemned to perpetual Imprisonment for Heresie in the Castle of St. Angelo, and who return'd her only Cinders and Smoak for 2 or 3 thousand Crowns. The unfortunate Experiments she had often made, excited her to go forward in the search of the Philosopher's Stone. As soon as she arriv'd at Rome, she built a great Laboratory in her Palace, and consumed the best part of her ready Cash, not so much in Coals and Ingredients, as the Roguery of the People she employ'd in this miserable Trade; for 'tis ordinary with great People to be robb'd by those they put the most Confidence in. Cardinal Azzolini, who would not openly oppose himself to this her predominant Passion, presented a Chymist to her, who was named Bandiere the Son of an Apothecary, in a little City of Romagnia near to Bologne, thinking by this means he had sufficiently engag'd her to keep within some reasonable bounds, himself pretending to follow the Queen's Inclination for Chymistry. But though this Man render'd an exact Account of all things to appearance, the Cardinal easily found out a great deal of Roguery, seeing there was scarce a Month pass'd, wherein the Expence upon Chymistry, which they call'd Distillation, did not amount to three, and sometimes four thousand Livres. And notwithstanding his Pretences, he had only some Secrets in Chymistry of little use, and sustain'd himself upon nothing but incoherent Tattle, and fabulous Receipts of fine Experiments, which he had never made. In a little time he had the Artifice to insinuate himself very much into the Queen's Favour, by his unreasonable Complaisance, so easie was she to be govern'd by People of no Account. But this way of Proceeding did not always succeed; for sometimes she beat him, and handled him very ill more ways than one. 'Tis impossible to reckon up all the Rogueries he had done in his Life; but above all, while he was supported by the Queen: And yet notwithstanding the ill Treatment he sometimes met with, he made bold with all Mankind, except the Queen whom he was forc'd to flatter, and such as durst shew their Teeth; for to these he was very humble, being the greatest Coward in the World, though he always went arm'd with Pistols and Bayonnets. He was a Lyar to the utter-Point, and a Traitor to those that did him good, as well as those that hurt him; very much addicted to Women, and almost always drunk when he had no business with the Queen.

After the Heat of this Princess was a little abated; (that is to say, after three or four Years,) she was willing to content the Cardinal, and bargain with Bandiere to undertake this Distillation at two hundred Pistols per Month, which he was oblig'd to accept of; for besides this he got Cloaths, with fifteen Crowns wages per Month, and many other little Profits; but he committed so many Rogueries, that he must have a good memory that is able to reckon them. Those who understand any thing of Chymistry, know what abundance of Utensils and Instruments are requisite to such Undertakings, not only in Coals and Furnaces, but in divers pieces of Earth and Glass, Vials, Alembicks, Mortars, and other Vessels of Earth and Metal. But the greatest Expence is in Drugs, Quick-silver, Litharge, Lead, and a thousand other Ingredients which they pretend to convert into Gold. The Queen would always go her self, to calcine, filter, distill, and to find out that which was never found. The miserable Bandiere was the Jest of the Queen and Cardinal, who being willing to put the Queen into a disgust of this Trade, was very glad to see all things go cross: So that Bandiere passed his Days with trouble enough, but the Nights brought an heap of Miseries upon him; for then the Queen being at leisure, would keep him lock'd for six or seven hours together at his Furnaces; and because she could never meet with what she sought for, she would throw at his head any thing that came next to her Hand, and sometimes would give him good rough blows with a Faggot-stick.

At last the Queen perceiv'd that the Cardinal only laugh'd at these her Fancies; yet because she would not break with Bandiere, but keep some measures with him, she ordered him to make Bills of what he wanted for Manual Operation, imagining she should save something, when he had no more the management of the Money: So Bandiere went for his Powders and other Drugs to the Druggist: But at the Year's end the Cardinal discovered that it came all to the same Expence. Well the Queen left off Chymistry for a time, because her Rents from Sweden came not so current as formerly, by reason of the War. Nevertheless she pleased her self with making little Experiments, and to draw Salts from many things. I have seen Bandiere bring her little Bits of Glass found in the digging of Caves, and in the Chanels of Rome, and other like Trinkets, and the Queen would sometimes commend him, and sometimes again reward him with a Box on the Ear. This miserable Wretch was sometimes so vex'd, that he would call her a thousand Fools, and yet no body durst tell the Queen of it, because she thought they bore Malice against him; and that the Reports which were told of him were nothing but ill Will, on purpose to destroy him. But after all this unhappy Man's Sufferings, he made all others suffer in their turns, because he would be always whispering Stories to the Queen, having the Privildge at all times to enter into any place where she was. Thus he became the Protector of all the Villainies that were committed in her Majesty's Quarter; and being in League with the Marquis Del Monte, wou'd discover to him all that pass'd between this Princess and the Cardinal; which was easie for him to do, knowing all corners of the Palace where he might hide himself to hearken. The Cardinal being enraged against him, and grown almost desperate, shewed him a Trick of Kindness on purpose to destroy him. He begun to caress him afresh, and insinuated into the Queen to put into his Hands the Alms of an hundred Crowns a-Months, which she caus'd to be distributed to the poor Families of Rome. He was transported with this pious Office; but he composed himself after such a manner in the doing of it, that the Cardinal had quickly an Opportunity to revenge himself of the Vexations he had given him. For this Rogue in distributing the Alms, instead of giving it to honest Families according to the Queen's Intention, gave it to People of an ill Life to satiate his infamous Passions. And because he was oblig'd to shew Certificates of Poverty sign'd by the Parish-Priests, he counterfeited them, or else applied himself to Women and Maids of Reputation to procure true Certificates from them; and he so order'd it that he subborn'd the greater part of them at the Alms in secret. Those who would not abandon themselves to his Lusts, were depriv'd of the Alms; and he gave in his Report that they were People of a scandalous Reputation, and did not deserve the Queen's Charity. They murmur'd and complain'd to the Cardinal, but he would take no Cognizance of the Matter, craftily sending both the poor People and the Parish-Priests to make their Complaint to the Queen. A zealous Curate, one of those whom they call the Pope's Barboni, went boldly one Day to find her Majesty; but whether it was that the Priest did not play his part well, or that the Queen would not take notice of his weakness, and her ill choice of Bandiere for her private Almoner, the Barboni was chid, and Bandiere denying his ill Actions was believ'd upon his Word. But as he was a Wretch whom no Politicks could make wise, he went on at such a rate, that Pope Innocent XI. had Complaints against him from all sides.

Cardinal Azzolini going to an Audience of the Holy Father, found that he was angry, and he told him of it in such a manner, that the Cardinal could not forbear writing a Letter to the Queen about those Complaints which were made against Bandiere. The Letter was brought unhappily at a time when the Queen was embroil'd with the Cardinal about other Affairs, insomuch that it was not well receiv'd; nay, on the contrary, she gave it to Bandiere out of spite to the Cardinal, saying, "Bandiere these wicked Priests would ruine thee with me; but laugh at both of them, for I will always take care of thee."

Bandiere kneeling down before the Queen, with Crocodiles Tears implor'd her protection, and afterwards shew'd the Cardinal's Letter to all the World, and gave him all the ill Language imaginable. The poor Cardinal seeing the Queen had thus sacrific'd him, made as if he never minded it; and because of his Heirship to the Queen, suffer'd both this and a great deal more from others, as well as Bandiere. But the Cardinal's Heirs were well reveng'd upon this Wretch, and reduced him to pass that he perished for want, after having been the reproach and scorn of all that knew him. For as he had a wicked Tongue, and had offended every body, he found no Friend in time of need, neither ought it to be at all wonder'd at, if seeing he had dishonour'd so many honest Families, God permitted the same to fall upon his.

He had a Daughter tolerably handsome, but very ambitious, who was not contented with the Cloaths her Father would bring her, because being covetous, she often wanted what was necessary: She therefore contrived to have them another way than from him. For a certain Abbot happened to fall in Love with her, who was an Italian Gentleman descended from an honourable Family, and was called the Abbot Vannini; which Man became notorious for his Extravagancies, as you will find in the progress of this History. For this our Prelate always loving a sweet Bit, and never valuing the Expence of it, his Propositions were quickly list'ned to; and the Conclusion was made betwixt them without any great Preliminaries: For in Italy they come presently to the Point in these kind of Affairs, because Opportunities are more scarce there than elsewhere; and when such are presented, Lovers never fail to take their Advantage.

One Night, though very late, as Bandiere according to his Custom came from the Queen, he found a Guard at the Door of his Lodging, who would not suffer him to enter; and because Bandiere used to say he could lye when he would at the Queen's, where he had a Bed, our Lovers did not expect he would have come to interrupt their Pleasures, and trouble the Merriment. Bandiere being thus kept out of his House, laid his hand upon his Pistol; but whether it were that it did not take Fire, or that he knew not how to make use of it, two Men took hold of his Cloaths and drubb'd him soundly, but did not kill him. These troublesome Companions went along with him as far as his good Friend the Marquis Del Monte's House, where he got in, and shelter'd himself, passing the rest of the Night very ill. And, after all this, his Daughter's Lover marched off at his own leisure; but the next Day this Story was spread through the whole City. Bandiere complain'd of it to the Queen, who as she sometimes paid him home, told him, that he ought not to think it strange, if the same measure were meted to him that he himself measured to others. Cardinal Azzolini laughed with all his Heart; and the Marquis Del Monte having had his part of the Concern, would fain have perswaded the Queen to put this young Woman into a Monastery for some time. But she was only a Young Thing, who had married her self without her Parent's Consent to one who was better Acquainted with the Daughter, than the Father: But the poor Wretch died in Childbed of her first Child.

Now the Queen did not only search after the Art of making Gold, but pretended to find out the Universal Medicine, and the Secret of living an hundred Years. As she was very easie of belief, having read a Secret of this kind in the Mercury Gallant, so she would try it upon her own Person, without any Precaution; but she quickly began to swell so much that she was ready to burst, and had been in a very ill condition, if she had not received a speedy Remedy. This Experiment not succeeding, she suffer'd her self to be deluded afterwards by an English Chymist, who having entertain'd her one Day with a great many things which were very curious, assur'd that he had had a Secret to prolong Life, and that by it Persons being of about fifty or sixty Years of Age, might maintain themselves in the same Vigour to Sixscore Years, and much further. He said he had made the Application upon himself, and being 70 Years old as he pretended, he had yet a good Appetite, slept well, and had all the Functions of Life as a Man of fifty Years old. And for a proof of his Knowledge, he shewed her Certificates from a great number of Persons, whom he had not only cur'd of strange Distempers, but had made Young again, and given them Vigour. He said he had tryed the Experiment upon the Marquis Del Monte, who shewd thereupon an extream Vigour in the Combat of Love, and assured the Queen, that the Marquis (tho' he were 60 Years old) had never more Vigour than at that time. He needed say no more to set the Queen on fire. This English Mountebank, knew so well how to perswade her, that she would have this Secret at any rate. He profess'd that he would never teach it to any Person, but that he would furnish her with a Dose which should be sufficient to keep by her without revealing his Secret, because Her Majesty being the most Generous Queen in the World, would make no difficulty of teaching it to a great many People, and for his part this Arcanum was all the Treasure he had. At last the Queen being eager, promis'd him ten thousand Crowns for his Secret, upon Condition he should go immediately out of Italy, and come thither no more. But he every Day raised his Price higher and higher, and the Marquis Del Monte who intended to have his Share herein, perswaded the Queen by any means not to let this Secret escape, and the thing was carry'd so far, that he was offer'd thirty thousand Crowns. But Cardinal Azzolini having understood it, was all over in a cold Sweat at so great a Sum; for the Queen was ready to have given him a Bill upon the Bank of Santo Spirito, which was engaged for Payment, or would have put her Jewels into his Hands for Security.

One Day being among her Maids, as they were combing her Head, she said, "I shall put my self into the Mode now more than ever; my Secret will be vehemently desired by some People, and rejoyce others. I hope in God to live yet longer than I have liv'd, to a large extent of Years, and to see a dozen Popes more. Then I shall tell them a great many things which I can assure them I have seen, tho' Cardinal Ricci said of me, 'The Queen of Sweden eats a great deal, and digests but little, because she does not chew it well; and this will hasten her Death.' And now the old Fool is dead himself, but as for me I shall live a long time"; and other such like things. But all these fine Hopes presently vanish'd; for Cardinal Azzolini, with an hundred Pistols, sent this English Man out of Rome, tho' himself afterward shewed a Weakness of the like kind, in his last Sickness, where he would have given two thousand Crowns for a Pill composed by the Marquis Santanell.

With modernised spelling and punctuation for easier reading:

But love was not the only amusement of this royal lady. Chemistry was her more serious business, though she had lost considerable sums of money by it at Hamburg — and particularly with one Borri, a chemist of Milan, who is now condemned to perpetual imprisonment for heresy in the Castle of St. Angelo, and who returned her only cinders and smoke for 2 or 3,000 crowns. The unfortunate experiments she had often made excited her to go forward in the search of the philosopher's stone.

As soon as she arrived at Rome, she built a great laboratory in her palace and consumed the best part of her ready cash, not so much in coals and ingredients as the roguery of the people she employed in this miserable trade, for 'tis ordinary with great people to be robbed by those they put the most confidence in.

Cardinal Azzolini, who would not openly oppose himself to this her predominant passion, presented a chemist to her, who was named Bandiera, the son of an apothecary in a little city of Romagna near to Bologna, thinking by this means he had sufficiently engaged her to keep within some reasonable bounds, himself pretending to follow the Queen's inclination for chemistry.

But though this man rendered an exact account of all things to appearance, the Cardinal easily found out a great deal of roguery, seeing there was scarce a month passed wherein the expense upon chemistry, which they called distillation, did not amount to three and sometimes four thousand livres.

And, notwithstanding his pretenses, he had only some secrets in chemistry of little use and sustained himself upon nothing but incoherent tattle and fabulous receipts of fine experiments which he had never made. In a little time he had the artifice to insinuate himself very much into the Queen's favour by his unreasonable complaisance — so easy was she to be governed by people of no account. But this way of proceeding did not always succeed, for sometimes she beat him and handled him very ill more ways than one.

'Tis impossible to reckon up all the rogueries he had done in his life, but above all while he was supported by the Queen; and yet, notwithstanding the ill-treatment he sometimes met with, he made bold with all mankind — except the Queen, whom he was forced to flatter and such as durst shew their teeth, for to these he was very humble, being the greatest coward in the world, though he always went armed with pistols and bayonets. He was a liar to the utter point and a traitor to those that did him good as well as those that hurt him, very much addicted to women, and almost always drunk when he had no business with the Queen.

After the heat of this princess was a little abated (that is to say, after three or four years), she was willing to content the Cardinal and bargain with Bandiera to undertake this distillation at two hundred pistols per month, which he was obliged to accept of, for besides this he got clothes with fifteen crowns' wages per month, and many other little profits, but he committed so many rogueries that he must have a good memory that is able to reckon them.

Those who understand anything of chemistry know what abundance of utensils and instruments are requisite to such undertakings, not only in coals and furnaces, but in diverse pieces of earth and glass, vials, alembics, mortars, and other vessels of earth and metal. But the greatest expense is in drugs, quicksilver, litharge, lead, and a thousand other ingredients which they pretend to convert into gold. The Queen would always go herself to calcine, filter, distill, and to find out that which was never found.

The miserable Bandiera was the jest of the Queen and Cardinal, who, being willing to put the Queen into a disgust of this trade, was very glad to see all things go cross, so that Bandiera passed his days with trouble enough, but the nights brought an heap of miseries upon him, for then the Queen, being at leisure, would keep him locked for six or seven hours together at his furnaces; and because she could never meet with what she sought for, she would throw at his head anything that came next to her hand, and sometimes would give him good, rough blows with a faggot stick.

At last the Queen perceived that the Cardinal only laughed at these her fancies; yet because she would not break with Bandiera, but keep some measures with him, she ordered him to make bills of what he wanted for manual operation, imagining she should save something when he had no more the management of the money. So Bandiera went for his powders and other drugs to the druggist, but at the year's end the Cardinal discovered that it came all to the same expense.

Well, the Queen left off chemistry for a time because her rents from Sweden came not so current as formerly, by reason of the war. Nevertheless, she pleased herself with making little experiments and to draw salts from many things. I have seen Bandiera bring her little bits of glass found in the digging of caves and in the channels of Rome and other like trinkets, and the Queen would sometimes commend him and sometimes again reward him with a box on the ear.

This miserable wretch was sometimes so vexed that he would call her a thousand fools, and yet nobody durst tell the Queen of it, because she thought they bore malice against him and that the reports which were told of him were nothing but ill will, on purpose to destroy him. But after all this unhappy man's sufferings, he made all others suffer in their turns, because he would be always whispering stories to the Queen, having the privilege at all times to enter into any place where she was.

Thus he became the protector of all the villainies that were committed in Her Majesty's quarter; and, being in league with the Marquis del Monte, would discover to him all that passed between this princess and the Cardinal, which was easy for him to do, knowing all corners of the palace where he might hide himself to hearken. The Cardinal being enraged against him, and grown almost desperate, shewed him a trick of kindness on purpose to destroy him. He begun to caress him afresh and insinuated into the Queen to put into his hands the alms of an hundred crowns a months, which she caused to be distributed to the poor families of Rome.

He was transported with this pious office, but he composed himself after such a manner in the doing of it that the Cardinal had quickly an opportunity to revenge himself of the vexations he had given him. For this rogue in distributing the alms, instead of giving it to honest families, according to the Queen's intention, gave it to people of an ill life to satiate his infamous passions. And because he was obliged to shew certificates of poverty signed by the parish priests, he counterfeited them or else applied himself to women and maids of reputation to procure true certificates from them; and he so ordered it that he suborned the greater part of them at the alms in secret.

Those who would not abandon themselves to his lusts were deprived of the alms, and he gave in his report that they were people of a scandalous reputation and did not deserve the Queen's charity. They murmured and complained to the Cardinal, but he would take no cognisance of the matter, craftily sending both the poor people and the parish priests to make their complaint to the Queen.

A zealous curate, one of those whom they call the Pope's barboni, went boldly one day to find Her Majesty; but whether it was that the priest did not play his part well, or that the Queen would not take notice of his weakness, and her ill choice of Bandiera for her private almoner, the barbone was chid, and Bandiera, denying his ill actions, was believed upon his word. But as he was a wretch whom no politics could make wise, he went on at such a rate that Pope Innocent XI had complaints against him from all sides.

Cardinal Azzolini, going to an audience of the Holy Father, found that he was angry, and he told him of it in such a manner that the Cardinal could not forbear writing a letter to the Queen about those complaints which were made against Bandiera. The letter was brought unhappily at a time when the Queen was embroiled with the Cardinal about other affairs, insomuch that it was not well received; nay, on the contrary, she gave it to Bandiera out of spite to the Cardinal, saying:

"Bandiera, these wicked priests would ruin thee with me; but laugh at both of them, for I will always take care of thee."

Bandiera, kneeling down before the Queen, with crocodile's tears, implored her protection and afterwards shewed the Cardinal's letter to all the world and gave him all the ill language imaginable. The poor Cardinal, seeing the Queen had thus sacrificed him, made as if he never minded it and, because of his heirship to the Queen, suffered both this and a great deal more from others as well as Bandiera. But the Cardinal's heirs were well revenged upon this wretch and reduced him to pass that he perished for want, after having been the reproach and scorn of all that knew him.

For as he had a wicked tongue and had offended everybody, he found no friend in time of need; neither ought it to be at all wondered at if, seeing he had dishonoured so many honest families, God permitted the same to fall upon his. He had a daughter, tolerably handsome, but very ambitious, who was not contented with the clothes her father would bring her because, being covetous, she often wanted what was necessary. She therefore contrived to have them another way than from him.

For a certain abbot happened to fall in love with her, who was an Italian gentleman descended from an honourable family and was called the Abbot Vanini; which man became notorious for his extravagancies, as you will find in the progress of this history. For this our prelate, always loving a sweet bit and never valuing the expense of it, his propositions were quickly listened to; and the conclusion was made betwixt them without any great preliminaries, for in Italy they come presently to the point in these kind of affairs, because opportunities are more scarce there than elsewhere; and when such are presented, lovers never fail to take their advantage.

One night, though very late, as Bandiera, according to his custom, came from the Queen, he found a guard at the door of his lodging, who would not suffer him to enter; and because Bandiera used to say he could lie when he would at the Queen's, where he had a bed, our lovers did not expect he would have come to interrupt their pleasures and trouble the merriment. Bandiera, being thus kept out of his house, laid his hand upon his pistol; but whether it were that it did not take fire or that he knew not how to make use of it, two men took hold of his clothes and drubbed him soundly, but did not kill him.

These troublesome companions went along with him as far as his good friend the Marquis del Monte's house, where he got in and sheltered himself, passing the rest of the night very ill. And, after all this, his daughter's lover marched off at his own leisure; but the next day this story was spread through the whole city. Bandiera complained of it to the Queen, who, as she sometimes paid him home, told him that he ought not to think it strange if the same measure were meted to him that he himself measured to others.

Cardinal Azzolini laughed with all his heart, and the Marquis del Monte, having had his part of the concern, would fain have persuaded the Queen to put this young woman into a monastery for some time. But she was only a young thing who had married herself without her parents' consent to one who was better acquainted with the daughter than the father; but the poor wretch died in childbed of her first child.

Now, the Queen did not only search after the art of making gold, but pretended to find out the universal medicine and the secret of living an hundred years. As she was very easy of belief, having read a secret of this kind in the Mercury Gallant, so she would try it upon her own person, without any precaution; but she quickly began to swell so much that she was ready to burst and had been in a very ill condition if she had not received a speedy remedy.

This experiment not succeeding, she suffered herself to be deluded afterwards by an English chemist who, having entertained her one day with a great many things which were very curious, assured that he had had a secret to prolong life and that by it persons being of about fifty or sixty years of age might maintain themselves in the same vigour to six-score years and much further. He said he had made the application upon himself and, being 70 years old as he pretended, he had yet a good appetite, slept well, and had all the functions of life as a man of fifty years old.

And, for a proof of his knowledge, he shewed her certificates from a great number of persons whom he had not only cured of strange distempers, but had made young again and given them vigour. He said he had tried the experiment upon the Marquis del Monte, who shewed thereupon an extreme vigour in the combat of love and assured the Queen that the Marquis (though he were 60 years old) had never more vigour than at that time.

He needed say no more to set the Queen on fire. This English mountebank knew so well how to persuade her that she would have this secret at any rate. He professed that he would never teach it to any person, but that he would furnish her with a dose which should be sufficient to keep by her without revealing his secret, because Her Majesty, being the most generous queen in the world, would make no difficulty of teaching it to a great many people, and for his part this arcanum was all the treasure he had.

At last the Queen, being eager, promised him ten thousand crowns for his secret, upon condition he should go immediately out of Italy and come thither no more. But he every day raised his price higher and higher, and the Marquis del Monte, who intended to have his share herein, persuaded the Queen by any means not to let this secret escape, and the thing was carried so far that he was offered thirty thousand crowns. But Cardinal Azzolini, having understood it, was all over in a cold sweat at so great a sum, for the Queen was ready to have given him a bill upon the Bank of Santo Spirito, which was engaged for payment, or would have put her jewels into his hands for security.

One day, being among her maids as they were combing her head, she said:

"I shall put myself into the mode now more than ever. My secret will be vehemently desired by some people and rejoice others. I hope in God to live yet longer than I have lived, to a large extent of years, and to see a dozen popes more. Then I shall tell them a great many things which I can assure them I have seen, though Cardinal Ricci said of me, 'The Queen of Sweden eats a great deal and digests but little, because she does not chew it well; and this will hasten her death.'

And now the old fool is dead himself, but as for me, I shall live a long time";

and other suchlike things.

But all these fine hopes presently vanished, for Cardinal Azzolini, with an hundred pistols, sent this Englishman out of Rome, though himself afterward shewed a weakness of the like kind in his last sickness, where he would have given two thousand crowns for a pill composed by the Marquis Santinell.

English translation (my own):

Love was not the Queen's only amusement. Chemistry was her most serious occupation, although she had lost considerable sums at Hamburg in blowing, particularly with Borri, a Milanese chemist, who is in perpetual imprisonment in the Castel Sant'Angelo for heresy, who gave her nothing but ashes and smoke for two or three thousand écus. The unfortunate experiments had more excited her to continue the search for the philosopher's stone than they had disabused her.

As soon as she arrived in Rome, she had a large laboratory built in her palazzo, where she spent the greater part of her time and where she consumed the bulk of her income, not so much in coal and ingredients as in the roguery of the people she employed in this miserable trade, for it is common for great people to be robbed by those in whom they trust the most.

Cardinal Azzolino, who did not want to openly combat the Queen's dominant passion, introduced to her a man named Bandiera, a chemist, son of an apothecary from a small town in Romagna near Bologna, believing that he had thereby sufficiently persuaded him not to spend so much or to be so prolific in pretending to follow the Queen's inclination for chemistry. But, although this man apparently gave an exact account of everything, the Cardinal only too soon discovered his roguery, as there were months when this expenditure for chemistry, which was called distillery, amounted to three and even four thousand livres.

However, all his merit was only a few very useless secrets of chemistry, and he supported himself only by a poorly followed chatter and by a fabulous account of the beautiful experiments he had never made. In a short time he had the skill to insinuate himself well into the Queen's good graces by his outrageous complaisances, so easy was she to let herself be governed by people of no account. But this procedure did not always avail him, for she beat him with a baton many times and mistreated him in many ways.

It is impossible to tell all the rogueries he committed during his life, especially when he found himself supported by the Queen, notwithstanding the bad treatment she sometimes gave him; but, if he was flattering towards the Queen, he acted proud towards everyone except those who showed him their teeth, because then he became very supple, being the most cowardly of all men, who always went armed with pistols and bayonets — a liar to the greatest degree, a traitor as much to those who did him good as to those who did him bad, most addicted to women and almost always drunk when he was not dealing with the Queen.

Those who have some knowledge of chemistry know how much equipment and things must be used both in coal, furnaces and various pieces of earth and glass, vials, alembics, mortars and other earthenware and metal vessels; but the greatest expense is in drugs, quicksilver, litharge, lead and a thousand other ingredients that are claimed to be converted into gold. The Queen always wanted to go the same way to calcinate, filter and distill — in short, to find what she never found. The miserable Bandiera was the Queen's and the Cardinal's plaything, who, wanting to make Queen disgusted with this profession, was very pleased to see everything going wrong.

Thus Bandiera spent the days with enough difficulty, but the nights were the height of his misery, because the Queen, being then occupied with no one, kept him nailed for six or seven hours on her stoves; and because she never found what she was looking for, she threw at his head everything she had at hand and gave him good blows with the large wooden pestle.

Finally the Queen realised that the Cardinal was playing her; but, in order not to break the bargain with Bandiera, and to keep some measures with him, Her Majesty took it into her head to write him notes for what she wanted to manipulate, believing she would save more when he no longer had the ability to handle money, so Bandiera would go and get his powders and other drugs from the grocer. But, at the end of the year, the Cardinal discovered that the first expense had been reached.

Finally, the Queen gave up chemistry for a time, because her income was no longer coming from Sweden due to the war. She amused herself, however, by doing small experiments and extracting salts from various things. I have seen that Bandiera brought her little pieces of glass that one finds while digging in cellars, antiques from Rome and other similar trinkets. Sometimes the Queen applauded him, but sometimes also the broom handle was his reward.

The wretch was sometimes so upset that he said a thousand stupid things about her that no one would have dared to repeat to the Queen, because she was persuaded that people envied him and that the reports made about him were nothing but slander and intended to destroy him. Finally, this unfortunate man, after having suffered greatly, made everyone else suffer in turn, because he warned the Queen and entered wherever she was at any time.

He became the protector of all the infamies that were committed in Her Majesty's quarters, having joined forces with the Marquis del Monte to reveal to him everything that was happening between this princess and the cardinal, which was not difficult for him, knowing every corner of the palazzo, where he could hide to hear everything. The Cardinal, in despair, played a trick of suppleness to lose him. He began to flatter him again, and he insinuated to the Queen to put into his hands the alms of one hundred écus per month that she had distributed to the poor families of Rome.

He was delighted with this pious employ, but because of the way he comported himself, the Cardinal soon had reason to avenge himself for the sorrows he had caused him, because this scoundrel, in distributing alms, instead of giving them to honest families, according to the Queen's intention, he distributed them to people of ill life to satisfy his infamous passions; and as he was obliged to show certificates of poverty undersigned by curates, he had them counterfeited, or if he addressed himself to women and maids of honour to have some genuine certificates.

He did so much that he bribed most of them on the second or third charity visit to give them secret alms. Those who did not want to abandon themselves to him were deprived of alms, and he reported that they were people of lost reputation, who did not deserve for the Queen to give them charity. There were murmurs about it and even complaints to the Cardinal, but he refused to take notice and sent the poor and the curates back to complain to the Queen.

A curate, a zealous one of those who were called the Pope's barboni, came boldly one day to find Her Majesty, but because this curate did not want to agree with her weakness and her bad choice in the person of Bandiera for her secret chaplain, the barbone was rebuffed; and Bandiera, by denying his bad actions, was believed at his word. But, because he was a wretch whom no policy could make wise, he did so much that the Pope (who was Innocent XI) had complaints from all sides.

Cardinal Azzolino, going to the audience with the Holy Father, recognised that the Pope was angry, and he made it clear to him in such a way that the Cardinal could not resist writing a note to the Queen, informing them of the complaints made about Bandiera. Unfortunately, this note arrived at a time when the Queen was at odds with the Cardinal over other matters; thus, it was not well received — on the contrary, she gave it to Bandiera out of spite, saying:

"Here, Bandiera; these wicked priests want to ruin you in my eyes, but laugh at them. I will always protect you."

Bandiera, throwing himself at the Queen's knees, with crocodile tears, begged for her protection, and then went to show the note to the Cardinal to everyone, saying a thousand nonsenses. The poor Cardinal, seeing that the Queen had sacrificed him, pretended to know nothing about it; and, in order to maintain Her Majesty's good fortune after his death, he suffered many more from Bandiera. I do not report a tenth part of it; but the heirs of this Cardinal took their revenge on this wretch and reduced him to dying from need, after having been the outcast and the opprobrium of all those who had known him.

As he had a wicked tongue and had offended everyone, he found no friends in need, and indeed it is not surprising that, having dishonoured so many honest families, God allowed his own to be dishonoured as well. He had a rather beautiful but very ambitious daughter, who was not content with the clothes her father made her wear because he was a miser who often left her without the necessities. Yet he was only a househusband at home.

A certain abbot fell in love with this girl. He was an Italian gentleman of fairly good family, called Abbot Vanini, who would become very famous for his violence in the course of this story. As this prelate always wanted tasty morsels and did not look at the expense, his proposals were soon listened to. The conclusion was reached without great preliminaries, for in Italy one comes first to the point in these sorts of affairs; and because opportunities are rarer than elsewhere, when they present themselves one does not fail to take advantage of them.

One late evening, as Bandiera was returning from the Queen's, as was his custom, he found a guard at the door of his lodgings who would not let him in. Because Bandiera had said he would sleep at the Queen's, where he had a bed, our lovers did not expect him to come and interrupt their pleasures and disturb the party. Bandiera, chased from his house, got his hands on a pistolet, but, either because it did not fire, or because he did not know how to use it, two men threw themselves on his clothes and beat him up, not wanting to kill him.

Cardinal Azzolino laughed heartily at this, and the Marquis del Monte, after having his share of the cake, made sure to persuade the Queen to have this girl put in a monastery for a while. However, there was a fool who married her in spite of her parents, who knew the girl better than he did; but the poor girl died giving birth to her first child.

Not only was the Queen seeking the art of making gold, but she claimed to have found the universal medicine and the secret of living for more than a century. As she believed it to be frivolous, having read in the Le Mercure Galant a secret on this subject, she wanted to test it on herself without any other precaution, but she thought she would die and would have been found very ill if she had not been succoured as quickly as possible.

This experiment not having succeeded, she allowed herself to be trapped again some time later by an English chemist, who, after having entertained her one day with several rather curious things, assured her that he had a secret to prolong life and that a person of fifty to sixty years of age could maintain themselves with the same vigour until sixty years of age and go even further. He applied it to himself, where, at the age of seventy, he said, he still had a good appetite, slept well and performed all the functions of life like a man of fifty years of age.

As proof of his knowledge, he showed her several certificates from a quantity of people whom he claimed to have not only cured of strange illnesses, but also rejuvenated and to whom he had given vigour. He performed an experiment on the Marquis del Monte, who showed extreme vigour in a love combat, and he assured the Queen that this Marquis, at the age of 60, had never had more vigour than then.

This was all it took for the Queen to catch fire. The English charlatan was so good at persuading her that she wanted to have his secret. This man testified that he had never wanted to teach it to anyone, but that he would provide her with the dose she could use, which was enough for her without obliging him to reveal his secret, because Her Majesty, being the most generous queen in the world, would have no difficulty in teaching it to many people, and that for him this secrecy was his entire treasure.

Finally, the Queen, excited, promised him ten thousand écus to learn his secret, on condition that he would leave Italy and never set foot there again, but he always one-upped her. The Marquis del Monte, who claimed to get his share, persuaded the Queen not to let this secret escape. Thus the matter came to such a head that he was offered thirty thousand écus. Cardinal Azzolino, having learned this, was quite terrified by such a large sum, for the Queen wanted to give him a certificate on deposit at the Banco di Spirito Santo, or to put precious stones in his hands for his security.

One day, among her girls while she was having her hair combed, she said:

"I want to be fashionable more than ever. My secret will make some people sigh and may rejoice others. I hope in God to live even longer than I have lived — and well beyond — and to see a dozen more pontiffs. It is there that I will learn many things that I can assure to have seen, although Cardinal Ricci said of me: 'The Queen of Sweden eats a lot, but she digests little, because she doesn't chew enough; that will hasten her death.'

He is dead himself, that old fool, but me, I will live for a long time",

and other similar poverties.

But these fine hopes soon vanished, for Cardinal Azzolino, with a hundred pistoles, drove the Englishman from Rome, although he himself had since shown a similar weakness in his last illness, where he wanted to buy for two thousand écus a pill composed by the Marquis Santinelli.

Note: The Banco di Spirito Santo (Bank of the Holy Spirit) was a bank founded by Pope Paul V on December 13, 1605. It was the first central bank in Europe (as the bank of the Papal States) at a level above city-states, the first public deposit bank in Rome, and the oldest continuously operating bank in Rome until its merger in 1992.