Thursday, January 25, 2024

Bulstrode Whitelocke's diary entry, dated April 30/May 10 (Old Style), 1654

Source:

A journal of the Swedish ambassy, volume 2, pages 120 to 121, by Bulstrode Whitelocke, published in 1772
The diary entry:

Berkman and Mons. Bloome dined with Whitelocke, and took occasion to magnify the respects of the chancellor and his son Grave Eric to the protector, and to Whitelocke; who was not backward to joyne in those eulogies, and to acknowledge the respects. Berkman said, that Canterstein was to bring some writings to Whitelocke, and that Lagerfeldt had spoken to the queen to present Whitelocke with some copper; that she had given order for 200 ship-pownd of copper to be brought from the mines to Stockholme, to be putt aboard Whitelocke's ship, ready to be carryed away with him; that every ship-pownd was heer worth forty dollers, and was as much as 300 english pownd; which he cast up in the whole to the value of about 2500 l. sterling; and Whitelocke was satisfyed in his own conscience, that he might honorably receive it, having given to the queen as many presents already as were worth 1000 l. and ingaged to her his horses, which were worth above 2000 l. more; besides the guifts and gratuities which he had liberally given, and intended to give to the queen's servants and officers; and that, in recompence of above 3000 l. given away, he might well receive a present of the value of 2500 l. ...

With modernised spelling:

Berkman and Monsieur Bloome dined with Whitelocke and took occasion to magnify the respects of the Chancellor and his son Grave Erik to the Protector and to Whitelocke, who was not backward to join in those eulogies and to acknowledge the respects. Berkman said that Canthersten was to bring some writings to Whitelocke and that Lagerfeldt had spoken to the Queen to present Whitelocke with some copper, that she had given order for 200 ship-pound of copper to be brought from the mines to Stockholm, to be put aboard Whitelocke's ship, ready to be carried away with him; that every ship-pound was here worth forty dollars and was as much as 300 English pound, which he cast up in the whole to the value of about 2,500£ sterling; and Whitelocke was satisfied in his own conscience that he might honourably receive it, having given to the Queen as many presents already as were worth 1,000£ and engaged to her his horses, which were worth above 2,000£ more, besides the gifts and gratuities which he had liberally given and intended to give to the Queen's servants and officers; and that, in recompense of above 3,000£ given away, he might well receive a present of the value of 2,500£ ...

Bulstrode Whitelocke's diary entry, dated April 29/May 9 (Old Style), 1654

Sources:

A journal of the Swedish ambassy, volume 2, pages 116 to 120, by Bulstrode Whitelocke, published in 1772
Bulstr. Whitelockes Dag-Bok Öfver Dess Ambassade til Sverige, pages 602 to 605, translated by Johan Edman, 1777
The diary entry:

... Whitelocke waited on the queen, and gave her an account of the signing and sealing of his articles; wheruppon she said,

Qu. "I am glad that this buisnes is done to your satisfaction."

Wh. "There remaines only your majesty's sealing your letters of full power to your commissioners, who treated with me."

Qu. "I sealed them this morning."

Wh. "Then my humble suit is, that your majesty would appoint a day for my audience to take my leave."

Qu. "This is Saturday, butt if you desire it you may have it on Friday next."

Wh. "Would your majesty's leisure permit to give me audience on Tuesday or Wednesday next, they being no holydayes?"

Qu. "The assembly is to sit on Tuesday, and att their first meeting I shall have a great deale of buisnes with them, which will hinder me from any other affayres."

Wh. "I humbly pray your majesty to appoint it, as soon as your own leisure will permit, for I shall have many buisnesses and ceremonies after it to performe, before my going away."

Qu. "On Monday next I will appoint a day; and touching the secret article, about which I formerly discoursed with you, I have now altered my opinion, and am resolved to follow the advice that you and Mons. Woolfeldt have given me; I will write a letter under my own hand to the protector, to the effect you advised, and deliver it to you to be presented to him."

Wh. "This will be much the better way."

Qu. "I desire you to be carefull of the letter; and, before I seale it, I will show it to you for your advice in it."

Wh. "Madame, I shall have a speciall care of it, and to procure an answear of it from the protector, I hope, to your majesty's contentment, that you may make use of it if there shall be occasion; and I believe the protector will be a firme friend to your majesty."

Qu. "I doubt it not, nor your respects to me."

Wh. "I am ingaged, by your many favours, to serve your majesty with all faithfullnes."

Qu. "I had some clothes in a ship comming hither, and the ship is taken, and my clothes detained in England, so that I cannot gett them to weare."

Wh. "If your majesty want clothes, I have a piece of english stuffe att my house, which cost two shillings a yeard; and, if that were not too deare for your majesty's wearing, I would send it to you."

Qu. "Two shillings a yeard is deare enough for me: I pray send your stuffe hither, and I shall willingly accept it, and thanke you for it."

Wh. "Will your majesty be pleased on Monday next to goe into England?"

Qu. "Hardly so soone; yett perhaps I may one day see England: butt what is your meaning in this?"

Wh. "Madame, Monday next is the first day of May, a great day in England; we call it May-day, when the gentlemen use to waite uppon their mistresses abroade, to bid the spring wellcome, and to have some collection or intertainment for them. Now, your majesty being my mistris, if you will doe me the honor, that, after the custome of England, I may waite on you on May-day, and have a little treatment for you after the manner of England: this I call going into England, and shall take it as a very great favour from your majesty."

Qu. "If this be your meaning of going into England, I shall be very willing, as your mistris, to goe with you on Monday next, and to see the english mode."

Lagerfeldt and the master of the ceremonies dining with Whitelocke, he inquired of them, what was to be done by him as to presents to any of the queen's servants or officers, who had done him respect in his buisnes, or being heer; and what other things were requisite to be done by him, according to the usage of ambassadors in this court before their going away, and when he might obtaine his audience to take his leave.

The master of the ceremonies gave him good and chargeable instructions, and Lagerfeldt agreed in most points with him; and uppon Whitelocke's intreaty, undertooke to see that the letters of full power to the queen's commissioners, and the re-credentialls to Whitelocke, should be perfected and brought to him, and a day of audience appointed.

Lagerfeldt told Whitelocke, that the queen was willing to present him with some of this countrey commodities, as copper, to carry with him into England, if it would be as acceptable to him as other presents of diamonds and the like; and, he said, he hoped there was no order of the common-wealth of England to forbid the receiving of such presents by their publique ministers.

He said, that formerly he asked of Mons. Chanut, the french ambassador heer, if he would accept a present of copper; and he willingly accepted it, and carryed it with him, saying, that he rather desired copper then diamonds or jewells, bicause he could better fell the copper then jewells, and make money of it.

Whitelocke said, that whatsoever her majesty pleased to bestow on him, should be wellcom to him, and that he liked the commodities of this countrey as well as those of the Indies, and that for Chanut's reason.

He said, that the protector had not forbid him to receive any testimonies of the queen's respect to him, as she used to doe to all publique ministers; that the order of the common-wealth, forbidding guifts or presents to publique ministers, was not now in force; that he thought her majesty's bountey to him, and his justification of the acceptance of it, might be the more from such valuable presents, as her majesty had done him the honor to receive from him, and his intention to bestow all his horses uppon her, and such as she would appoint, which, for the honor of the common-wealth, he would not sell.

With modernised spelling:

... Whitelocke waited on the Queen and gave her an account of the signing and sealing of his articles, whereupon she said:

Queen: "I am glad that this business is done to your satisfaction."

Whitelocke: "There remains only Your Majesty's sealing your letters of full power to your commissioners, who treated with me."

Queen: "I sealed them this morning."

Whitelocke: "Then my humble suit is that Your Majesty would appoint a day for my audience to take my leave."

Queen: "This is Saturday, but if you desire it, you may have it on Friday next."

Whitelocke: "Would Your Majesty's leisure permit to give me audience on Tuesday or Wednesday next, they being no holidays?"

Queen: "The assembly is to sit on Tuesday, and at their first meeting I shall have a great deal of business with them, which will hinder me from any other affairs."

Whitelocke: "I humbly pray Your Majesty to appoint it as soon as your own leisure will permit, for I shall have many businesses and ceremonies after it to perform before my going away."

Queen: "On Monday next I will appoint a day; and touching the secret article, about which I formerly discoursed with you, I have now altered my opinion and am resolved to follow the advice that you and Monsieur Ulfeldt have given me. I will write a letter under my own hand to the Protector, to the effect you advised, and deliver it to you to be presented to him."

Whitelocke: "This will be much the better way."

Queen: "I desire you to be careful of the letter, and before I seal it, I will show it to you for your advice in it."

Whitelocke: "Madame, I shall have a special care of it and to procure an answer of it from the Protector, I hope, to Your Majesty's contentment, that you may make use of it if there shall be occasion; and I believe the Protector will be a firm friend to Your Majesty."

Queen: "I doubt it not, nor your respects to me."

Whitelocke: "I am engaged by your many favours to serve Your Majesty with all faithfulness."

Queen: "I had some clothes in a ship coming hither, and the ship is taken and my clothes detained in England, so that I cannot get them to wear."

Whitelocke: "If Your Majesty want clothes, I have a piece of English stuff at my house which cost two shillings a yard; and, if that were not too dear for Your Majesty's wearing, I would send it to you."

Queen: "Two shillings a yard is dear enough for me. I pray send your stuff hither and I shall willingly accept it, and thank you for it."

Whitelocke: "Will Your Majesty be pleased on Monday next to go into England?"

Queen: "Hardly so soon, yet perhaps I may one day see England; but what is your meaning in this?"

Whitelocke: "Madame, Monday next is the first day of May, a great day in England; we call it May Day, when the gentlemen use to wait upon their mistresses abroad, to bid the spring welcome, and to have some collection or entertainment for them. Now, Your Majesty being my mistress, if you will do me the honour that, after the custom of England, I may wait on you on May Day and have a little treatment for you after the manner of England, this I call going into England and shall take it as a very great favour from Your Majesty."

Queen: "If this be your meaning of going into England, I shall be very willing, as your mistress, to go with you on Monday next and to see the English mode."

Lagerfeldt and the master of the ceremonies dining with Whitelocke, he inquired of them what was to be done by him as to presents to any of the Queen's servants or officers who had done him respect in his business or being here, and what other things were requisite to be done by him, according to the usage of ambassadors in this court before their going away, and when he might obtain his audience to take his leave.

The master of the ceremonies gave him good and chargeable instructions, and Lagerfeldt agreed in most points with him and, upon Whitelocke's entreaty, undertook to see that the letters of full power to the Queen's commissioners and the recredentials to Whitelocke should be perfected and brought to him, and a day of audience appointed.

Lagerfeldt told Whitelocke that the Queen was willing to present him with some of this country commodities, as copper, to carry with him into England if it would be as acceptable to him as other presents of diamonds and the like; and he said he hoped there was no order of the Commonwealth of England to forbid the receiving of such presents by their public ministers.

He said that formerly he asked of Monsieur Chanut, the French ambassador here, if he would accept a present of copper; and he willingly accepted it and carried it with him, saying that he rather desired copper then diamonds or jewels because he could better fell the copper then jewels and make money of it.

Whitelocke said that whatsoever Her Majesty pleased to bestow on him should be welcome to him, and that he liked the commodities of this country as well as those of the Indies, and that for Chanut's reason.

He said that the Protector had not forbid him to receive any testimonies of the Queen's respect to him, as she used to do to all public ministers; that the order of the Commonwealth, forbidding gifts or presents to public ministers, was not now in force; that he thought Her Majesty's bounty to him and his justification of the acceptance of it might be the more from such valuable presents, as Her Majesty had done him the honour to receive from him, and his intention to bestow all his horses upon her, and such as she would appoint, which, for the honour of the Commonwealth, he would not sell.

Approximate reconstruction of the conversation as it was in French (my own translation):

Christine: «Je suis heureuse que cette affaire soit réglée à votre satisfaction.»

Whitelocke: «Il ne reste plus qu'à Votre Majesté de sceller vos lettres de plein pouvoir à vos commissaires, qui ont traité avec moi.»

Christine: «Je les ai scellés ce matin.»

Whitelocke: «Alors mon humble demande est que Votre Majesté fixe un jour pour que mon audience prenne congé.»

Christine: «C'est samedi, mais si vous le désirez, vous pourrez l'avoir vendredi prochain.»

Whitelocke: «Les loisirs de Votre Majesté permettraient-ils de me donner audience mardi ou mercredi prochain, car ce ne sont pas des fêtes?»

Christine: «L'assemblée doit siéger mardi, et lors de leur première réunion, j'aurai avec eux beaucoup d'affaires, ce qui m'empêchera de toute autre affaire.»

Whitelocke: «Je prie humblement Votre Majesté de le nommer dès que vos loisirs le permettront, car j'aurai de nombreuses affaires et cérémonies à accomplir après cela avant mon départ.»

Christine: «Lundi prochain, je fixerai un jour; et concernant l'article secret, dont j'ai autrefois discuté avec vous, j'ai maintenant changé d'avis et je suis résolue à suivre les conseils que vous et M. Ulfeldt m'avez donnés. Je l'écrirai de ma main une lettre au protecteur, dans le sens que vous lui avez conseillé, et vous la remettre pour qu'elle lui soit présentée.»

Whitelocke: «Ce sera de loin la meilleure manière.»

Christine: «Je désire que vous usiez prudence avec la lettre, et avant de la sceller, je vous la montrerai pour obtenir votre conseil.»

Whitelocke: «Madame, j'en prendrai un soin particulier et j'en obtiendrai une réponse du protecteur, j'espère, au contentement de Votre Majesté, afin que vous puissiez en faire usage s'il y a lieu; et je crois que le  protecteur sera un ami fidèle de Votre Majesté.»

Christine: «Je n'en doute pas, ni vos respects pour moi.»

Whitelocke: «Je suis engagé par vos nombreuses faveurs à servir Votre Majesté en toute fidélité.»

Christine: «J'avais des vêtements dans un vaisseau qui venait ici, et le vaisseau a été pris et mes vêtements retenus en Angleterre, de sorte que je ne peux pas les obtenir pour les porter.»

Whitelocke: «Si Votre Majesté manque de vêtements, j'ai chez moi un vêtement anglais qui coûte deux shillings le mètre; et, si ce n'est pas trop cher pour que Votre Majesté le porte, je vous l'enverrai.»

Christine: «Deux shillings le mètre me coûtent assez cher. Je vous en prie, envoyez vos affaires ici et je les accepterai volontiers, et je vous en remercie.»

Whitelocke: «Plaîtrait-il à Votre Majesté lundi prochain d'aller en Angleterre?»

Christine: «A peine si tôt, mais peut-être pourrai-je un jour voir l'Angleterre; mais que voulez-vous dire par là?»

Whitelocke: «Madame, lundi prochain est le premier jour de mai, un grand jour en Angleterre; nous l'appelons May Day, lorsque les messieurs attendent souvent leurs maîtresses à l'étranger pour souhaiter la bienvenue au printemps et organiser une collecte ou un divertissement pour maintenant, Votre Majesté étant ma maîtresse, si vous voulez me faire l'honneur de pouvoir, selon la coutume de l'Angleterre, vous attendre le 1er mai et vous faire un petit traitement à la manière de l'Angleterre; c'est ce que j'appelle aller en Angleterre, et je le prendrai comme une très grande faveur de Votre Majesté.»

Christine: «Si tel est votre intention d'aller en Angleterre, je serai tout à fait disposée, en tant que votre maîtresse, à vous accompagner lundi prochain et à voir la mode anglaise.»

Swedish translation of the conversation (by Edman):

Drottn. »Jag är glad at Edart ärende efter önskan blifvit afslutadt.«

Wh. »Nu återstår intet, utom Edar Maj:ts underskrift och sigill på dess Ombuds fullmagter.«

Drottn. »Det är redan i dag expedieradt.«

Wh. »Då får jag endast i underdånighet anhålla, at Edar Maj:t i nåder täckes utsätta dag för at lemna mig afskeds audience.«

Drottn. »Nu är Lördag, och kan jag, om J så åstundar, därtil utsätta nästa Fredag.«

Wh. »Skulle Edar Maj:t hafva lägligt, önskade jag at det nästa Måndag eller Tisdag kunde låta sig göra, emedan då icke är någon Helgedag.«

Drottn. »Ständerne mötas om Tisdag, och är jag i början mycket med dem sysslosatt, samt därigenom från andra affairer hindrad.«

Wh. »Jag anhåller underdånigst, at Edar Maj:t må utsätta dag därtil, så snart det faller lägligt, ju förr dess häller, emedan jag sedan har hvarjehanda förrättningar innan afresan.«

Drottn. »Nästa Måndag skall jag utsätta dag, och rörande den hemliga artiklen, hvarom jag talt vid Eder, har jag nu ändrat min tanka, och beslutit at följa Edart och ULFELDS råd. Jag skall skrifva et egenhändigt bref til Protector, på det sätt J föreslagit, och vil lemna det i Edra händer, för at vid tilfälle til egaren öfverlemna.«

Wh. »Jag tror sannerligen at detta förslag är det bästa.«

Drottn. »Jag pålägger Eder at om detta bref vara aktsam, och vil jag, innan det förseglas, visa det för Eder, för at därom höra Edra tankar.«

Wh. »Jag skall därpå taga besynnerlig akt, och hoppas at kunna ifrån Protector skaffa et svar därpå, som skall vara til Edar Maj:ts nöje, hvaraf Edar Maj:t vid tilfälle torde kunna sig betjena; förmodande äfven Protectors vänskap och tilgifvenhet för Edar Maj:t ej blifva mindre upriktig än fast.«

Drottn. »Jag tviflar icke, hvarken om Protectors vänskap eller Edar tilgifvenhet för mig.«

Wh. »Jag är förbunden at med all trohet tjena Edar Maj:t för den myckna ynnest Edar Maj:t ständigt behagat visa mig.«

Drottn. »Nu är åter et skepp upbragt til England, som hade för mig några kläder om bord, och som de blifvit qvarhållne, går jag utaf dem i mistning.«

Wh. »Om Edar Maj:t behöfver kläde, har jag et stycke godt Engelskt, til 2 schilling alnen, hvilket jag vil sända, i fall Edar Maj:t ej finner det för dyrt.«

Drottn. »Två schilling alnen är för mig nog; jag tackar Eder för anbudet, och är nögd at emottaga det.«

Wh. »Skulle det icke behaga Edar Maj:t at nästa Måndag resa til England?«

Drottn. »Näppeligen så snart, ehuru det framdeles torde ske; men hvad kan vara Edar mening därmed?«

Wh. »Nästa Måndag är första Maji, hvilken dag vi i England på utmärkt sätt fire och kalla Majidag, då våre Cavalierer pläga bjuda ut Fruntimmer, och i synnerhet sina Valentiner, til något vackert ställe, samt där fägna dem och betyga sin glädje öfver den återkomna våren. Som Edar Maj:t nu visat mig den nåden, at blifva min Valentine, så skulle jag önska at, efter Engelsk sed, med en välsignad efter Engelske smaken, så upvakta Edar Maj:t, och kallar jag detta, at resa till England, hvilket jag skulle räkna för en besynnerlig stor ynnest och heder.«

Drottn. »Menar J icke annat än detta med at resa til England, så är jag färdig at såsom Edar kärasta nästa Måndag helsa på Eder, och se denna Engelske rolighet.«

Contemporary Swedish translation of the conversation (my own):

Kristina: »Jag är glad att den här affären görs till Er belåtenhet.«

Whitelocke: »Det återstår bara att Ers Majestät skall försegla Era brev med fullmakt till Era kommissarier, som behandlade med mig.«

Kristina: »Jag förseglade dem i morse.«

Whitelocke: »Då är min ödmjukhet att Ers Majestät skulle utse en dag för min publik att ta min avsked.«

Kristina: »Detta är lördag, men om Ni önskar det kan Ni ha det på nästa fredag.«

Whitelocke: »Skulle Ers Majestäts fritid tillåta att ge mig audiens på tisdag eller onsdag nästa, eftersom de inte är helgdagar?«

Kristina: »Ständerna skall sitta på tisdag, och vid deras första möte skall jag ha en hel del affärer med dem, vilket kommer att hindra mig från alla andra angelägenheter.«

Whitelocke: »Jag ber ödmjukt Ers Majestät att utse den så snart som Era egna lediga stunder tillåter det, för jag kommer att ha många affärer och ceremonier efter det att utföra innan jag går bort.«

Kristina: »På måndag nästa kommer jag att bestämma en dag; och rörande den hemliga artikel, om vilken jag förut talade med Er, har jag nu ändrat min uppfattning och är besluten att följa det råd som Ni och herr Ulfeldt har gett mig. Jag kommer att skriva ett brev under min egen hand till protektorn, med den verkan Ni gav Rådet, och överlämna det till Er för att presenteras för honom.«

Whitelocke: »Det här kommer att bli mycket bättre sätt.«

Kristina: »Jag önskar att Ni skall vara försiktig med brevet, och innan jag förseglar det, skall jag visa det för Er för Ert råd i det.«

Whitelocke: »Madam, jag skall ha en särskild omsorg om det och att få ett svar på det från protektorn, hoppas jag, till Ers Majestäts belåtenhet, så att Ni kan använda det om det blir tillfälle; och jag tror att protektorn kommer att vara en fast vän till Ers Majestät.«

Kristina: »Jag tvivlar inte på det, inte heller på Er respekt för mig.«

Whitelocke: »Jag är engagerad av Era många tjänster för att tjäna Ers Majestät med all trohet.«

Kristina: »Jag hade några kläder i ett skepp som kom hit, och skeppet tas och mina kläder kvarhålls i England, så att jag inte kan få dem så att jag kan bära dem.«

Whitelocke: »Om Ers Majestät saknar kläder, har jag en bit engelska prylar hemma hos mig som kostar två shilling alnen, och om det inte är för dyrt för Ers Majestäts bärande, skulle jag skicka det till Er.«

Kristina: »Två shilling alnen är dyrt nog för mig. Jag ber Er, skicka Era saker hit och jag skall villigt ta emot det, och jag tackar Er för det.«

Whitelocke: »Skulle det behaga Ers Majestät nästa måndag att resa till England?«

Drottning: »Knappt så snart, men kanske kan jag en dag se England, men vad är Er mening med detta?«

Whitelocke: »Madam, nästa måndag är den första dagen i maj, en stor dag i England; vi kallar det May Day, då herrarna ofta väntar på sina fruar utomlands, för att hälsa våren välkommen och ha lite samling eller underhållning för dem. Nu, eftersom Ers Majestät är ju min härskarinna, om Ni vill göra mig den äran att jag efter Englands sed kan vänta på Er på första maj och få en liten behandling för Er efter Englands sätt; detta kallar jag att resa till England, och jag skall ta det som en mycket stor tjänst från Ers Majestät.«

Kristina: »Om detta är Er mening med att resa till England, så kommer jag att vara mycket villig, som Er härskarinna, att följa med Er nästa måndag och se den engelska sedvänja.«


Above: Kristina.


Above: Bulstrode Whitelocke.

Bulstrode Whitelocke's diary entry, dated April 25/May 5 (Old Style), 1654

Sources:

A journal of the Swedish ambassy, volume 2, pages 100 to 102, by Bulstrode Whitelocke, published in 1772
Bulstr. Whitelockes Dag-Bok Öfver Dess Ambassade til Sverige, pages 575 to 577, translated by Johan Edman, 1777
Christina of Sweden, page 111, by Ida Ashworth Taylor, 1909


The diary entry:

... Whitelocke went in to the queen, and presented her with the cabinet of essences, which was of green velvet, lined with silver lace very richly; within it were about twenty glasses of spirits of the rarest kinds, each glasse stopped with a silver head of english silver, to screw off and on, and a lock and key of the same; and opening the cabinet, the queen smelt of most of the glasses, butt tasted none of them: she highly commended them and the cabinet, especially the english silver, wherof she had some discourse, and said, she would send them to her mother, who would be very glad of them.

Then, according to his promise, he presented her majesty with an english bible of a very fayre print, and richly bound; and uppon that they had this discourse.

Wh. "If your majesty would be pleased to spend some time in reading this bible, and comparing it with those in other languages, it would be a great help to your understanding of the english, if your majesty have any further thoughts therof."

Qu. "My desire still is to gaine the english tounge; and I thinke this, which you mention, will be a good way to learne it. I aske your pardon that you stayed so long before you came in to me; no-body told me of your being without, and I am ashamed of this incivility."

Wh. "The incivility, madame, is on my side, by interrupting your greater affayres; butt I come not now as an ambassador, but as a perticular servant to bring this bible to your majesty."

Qu. "It is a noble present, and there was the lesse reason to make you stay for admittance with it."

Wh. "This booke was presented to me by an english doctor, with a letter, mentioning the text, that the Beræans were accounted the more noble, bicause they received the word with gladnes, as I hope your majesty will."

Qu. "I receive it from you with much thankfullnes, and shall gladly make use of it as the best of bookes."

Wh. "Your majesty, by often reading it, and comparing it with other bibles, will not only therby gaine advantage, as to the language, butt the highest comfort to your soule."

Qu. "I have used to reade much in the bible, and take great contentment in it."

Wh. "Your majesty will find more contentment and comfort in the study of this booke, then of all other bookes whatsoever; and therfore, I doe humbly recommend the often reading of it to your majesty."

Qu. "I doubt you have an ill opinion of me, that you so earnestly perswade me to this, as if you thought me too backward in it."

Wh. "I only give my humble advice to your majesty, out of my own experience, of the great comfort, wisdome, and true pleasure, which is to be mett with in this booke, and no where else, and that all things out of it are of no value."

Qu. "I am full of the same opinion; butt there are too many who have not so venerable an opinion of it as they ought to have."

Wh. "There are indeed, madame, too many, who mock att this booke, and att God himselfe, whose book it is; butt these poore wormes will one day know that God will not be mocked, and that they and their reproaches will sadly perish togither; and I am glad to heare your majesty's distast of such wicked ones."

Qu. "Surely every good christian ought to distast such men and such opinions."

They had much more discourse uppon the same subject, wherin Whitelocke spake the more, bicause he found the queen more inclined to it now then he had perceived her to be att other times. ...

With modernised spelling:

... Whitelocke went in to the Queen and presented her with the cabinet of essences, which was of green velvet, lined with silver lace very richly. Within it were about twenty glasses of spirits of the rarest kinds, each glass stopped with a silver head of English silver to screw off and on, and a lock and key of the same; and opening the cabinet, the Queen smelt of most of the glasses, but tasted none of them. She highly commended them and the cabinet, especially the English silver, whereof she had some discourse and said she would send them to her mother, who would be very glad of them.

Then, according to his promise, he presented Her Majesty with an English Bible of a very fair print, and richly bound; and upon that they had this discourse:

Whitelocke: "If Your Majesty would be pleased to spend some time in reading this Bible and comparing it with those in other languages, it would be a great help to your understanding of the English, if Your Majesty have any further thoughts thereof."

Queen: "My desire still is to gain the English tongue, and I think this which you mention will be a good way to learn it. I ask your pardon that you stayed so long before you came in to me; nobody told me of your being without, and I am ashamed of this incivility."

Whitelocke: "The incivility, Madame, is on my side, by interrupting your greater affairs; but I come not now as an ambassador, but as a particular servant to bring this Bible to Your Majesty."

Queen: "It is a noble present, and there was the less reason to make you stay for admittance with it."

Whitelocke: "This book was presented to me by an English doctor with a letter mentioning the text, that the Bereans were accounted the more noble because they received the Word with gladness, as I hope Your Majesty will."

Queen: "I receive it from you with much thankfulness and shall gladly make use of it as the best of books."

Whitelocke: "Your Majesty, by often reading it and comparing it with other Bibles, will not only thereby gain advantage as to the language, but the highest comfort to your soul."

Queen: "I have used to read much in the Bible and take great contentment in it."

Whitelocke: "Your Majesty will find more contentment and comfort in the study of this book than of all other books whatsoever, and therefore I do humbly recommend the often reading of it to Your Majesty."

Queen: "I doubt you have an ill opinion of me that you so earnestly persuade me to this, as if you thought me too backward in it."

Whitelocke: "I only give my humble advice to Your Majesty, out of my own experience, of the great comfort, wisdom, and true pleasure which is to be met with in this book and nowhere else, and that all things out of it are of no value."

Queen: "I am full of the same opinion, but there are too many who have not so venerable an opinion of it as they ought to have."

Whitelocke: "There are indeed, Madame, too many who mock at this book and at God Himself, whose book it is; but these poor worms will one day know that God will not be mocked, and that they and their reproaches will sadly perish together; and I am glad to hear Your Majesty's distaste of such wicked ones."

Queen: "Surely every good Christian ought to distaste such men and such opinions."

They had much more discourse upon the same subject, wherein Whitelocke spake the more, because he found the Queen more inclined to it now then he had perceived her to be at other times. ...

Approximate reconstruction of the conversation as it was in French (my own):

Whitelocke: «S'il plaît à Votre Majesté de consacrer du temps à lire cette Bible et à la comparer avec celles d'autres langues, ce serait d'une grande aide pour votre compréhension de l'anglais si Votre Majesté avait d'autres réflexions à ce sujet.»

Christine: «Mon désir est toujours d'acquérir la langue anglaise, et je pense que ce que vous mentionnez sera un bon moyen de l'apprendre. Je vous demande pardon d'être resté si longtemps avant de venir chez moi; personne ne m'a dit que vous étiez dehors, et j'ai honte de cette incivilité.»

Whitelocke: «L'incivilité, Madame, est de mon côté, en interrompant vos plus grandes affaires; mais je ne viens pas maintenant en tant qu'ambassadeur, mais en tant que serviteur particulier qui apporte cette Bible à Votre Majesté.»

Christine: «C'est un présent noble, et il y avait d'autant moins de raisons de vous obliger à rester avec lui pour y être admis.»

Whitelocke: «Ce livre m'a été présenté par un médecin anglais avec une lettre mentionnant le texte, selon lequel les Béréens étaient considérés comme les plus nobles parce qu'ils recevaient la parole avec joie, comme j'espère que Votre Majesté le fera.»

Christine: «Je le reçois de vous avec beaucoup de gratitude et j'en ferai volontiers usage comme le meilleur des livres.»

Whitelocke: «Votre Majesté, en la lisant souvent et en la comparant avec d'autres Bibles, obtiendra non seulement un avantage quant à la langue, mais aussi la plus haute consolation pour son âme.»

Christine: «J'avais l'habitude de lire beaucoup de choses dans la Bible et j'en étais très contente.»

Whitelocke: «Votre Majesté trouvera plus de contentement et de consolation dans l'étude de ce livre que de tout autre livre quel qu'il soit, et c'est pourquoi je recommande humblement à Votre Majesté d'en lire souvent.»

Christine: «Je doute que vous ayez une mauvaise opinion de moi pour me persuader si sincèrement de faire cela, comme si vous m'en trouviez trop paresseuse.»

Whitelocke: «Je donne seulement mon humble conseil à Votre Majesté, à partir de ma propre expérience, de la grande consolation, de la sagesse et du vrai plaisir que l'on peut rencontrer dans ce livre et nulle part ailleurs, et que toutes choses en dehors de celui-ci sont sans valeur.»

Christine: «Je suis entièrement de la même opinion, mais il y en a trop qui n'en ont pas une opinion aussi vénérable qu'ils devraient l'avoir.»

Whitelocke: «Il y en a en effet, Madame, trop nombreux qui se moquent de ce livre et de Dieu lui-même, dont c'est le livre; mais ces pauvres vers sauront un jour que Dieu ne veut pas qu'il se moque et qu'eux et leurs reproches périront ensemble; et je suis heureux d’entendre le dégoût de Votre Majesté envers de tels méchants.»

Christine: «Tout bon chrétien devrait sûrement détester de tels hommes et de telles opinions.»

Swedish translation of the conversation (by Edman):

Wh. »Om Edar Maj:t behagar använda någon tid til denna Bibels läsning, och där under jämföra honom med dem på andra språk, så har Edar Maj:t därutaf en stor hjelpreda i Engelske språket, i fall Edar Maj:t därmed vil göra sig vidare möda.«

Drottn. »Min åstundan har ständigt varit at lära Engelske språket; och tror jag, at det J nämner, skall göra det mindre svårt. Jag beder om förlåtelse, at J ej strax fick komma in til mig, af orsak at ingen anmälte Eder vara upkommen; och är jag helt flat öfver denna ohöflighet.«

Wh. »Ohöfligheten är å min sida, som, tör hända, hindrar Edar Maj:t från mer betydande affairer; men jag kommer icke nu som Ambassadeur, utan som Edar Maj:ts tjenare, för at efter befallning öfverlemna denna Bibel.«

Drottn. »Det är en hederlig skänk; och borde J så mycket snarare strax hafva sluppit in.«

Wh. »En Engelsk Prest har gifvit mig denna Bibel, jämte et lärdt bref om grundtexten, hvarest innevånarne i Beræa äro berömde, för det de annamet ordet med glädje, hvilket jag äfven hoppas Edar Maj:t behagar göra.«

Drottn. »Jag emottager honom med tacksamhet, och vil med glädje nyttja honom såsom en den förträffeligaste bok.«

Wh. »Edar Maj:t vinner, igenom dess flitiga läsande, ej allenast färdighet i språket, utan äfven en den bästa själenes tröst.«

Drottn. »Jag har brukat flitigt läsa i Bibeln, och finner mycket nöje däraf.«

Wh. »Edar Maj:t skall finna mer nöje och tröst i denna boken, än i alla andra; hvarföre jag ock på det ödmjukaste vågar at anhålla, det Edar Maj:t ofta må sysslosätta sig med dess läsande.«

Drottn. »Det ser ut, som skulle J hafva mycket elak tanka om mig, såsom den där skulle förakta Guds ord, efter J så ifrigt och ofta påminner om dess läsande.«

Wh. »Jag gifver endast i ödmjukhet Edar Maj:t min tanka tilkänna, då jag af erfarenhet vet, hvad tröst, visdom och nöje, verkeligen är at hemta af denna boken, fram för alla andra, och hvarförutan alt verldsligt är af intet värde.«

Drottn. »Jag är fullkomligen af samma tanka; men månge sätta ej så mycket värde därpå, som vederborde.«

Wh. »De äro i sanning månge nog, som drifva geck med denna bok, och med Gud sjelf, hvars ord det är; men desse usle matkar skola en gång erfara, at Gud icke vil blifva geckad, och at de med deras visdom blifva til skam; och är jag glad at höra, det Edar Maj:t bär afsky för dem, som hysa så gudlösa tankar.«

Drottn. »Hvar och en god Christen bör visserligen bära afsky för sådana tankar, så väl som för folket som hysa dem.«

Contemporary Swedish translation of the conversation (my own):

Whitelocke: »Om det skulle behaga Ers Majestät att ägna lite tid åt läsandet av den här Bibeln och jämföra den med de på andra språk, skulle det vara till stor hjälp för Er förståelse av engelska om Ers Majestät har några ytterligare tankar om det.«

Kristina: »Min önskan är fortfarande att få engelska språket, och jag tror att detta som Ni nämner kommer att vara ett bra sätt att lära sig det. Jag ber om ursäkt att Ni fick stanna så länge innan Ni kom in till mig; ingen sade till mig att Ni var utanför, och jag skäms över denna ohövlighet.«

Whitelocke: »Ohövligheten, madam, är på min sida, genom att avbryta Era större angelägenheter, men jag kommer inte nu som en ambassadör, utan som en partikuljär tjänare för att föra denna bibel till Ers Majestät.«

Kristina: »Det är en nobel gåva, och det fanns mindre anledning att få Er att stanna för tillträde med den.«

Whitelocke: »Denna bok presenterades för mig av en engelsk läkare med ett brev som nämnde texten, att bereanerna ansågs vara ädlare eftersom de tog emot ordet med glädje, vilket jag hoppas att Ers Majestät vill göra.«

Kristina: »Jag tar emot den från Er med stor tacksamhet och skall gärna använda den som den bästa av böcker.«

Whitelocke: »Ers Majestät, genom att ofta läsa den och jämföra den med andra biblar, skall bara därigenom att vinna fördelar vad gäller språket, utan den högsta trösten för Er själ.«

Drottningen: »Jag har brukat läsa mycket i Bibeln och är mycket nöjd därmed.«

Whitelocke: »Ers Majestät skall finna mer tillfredsställelse och tröst i studiet av denna bok än av alla andra böcker överhuvudtaget, och därför rekommenderar jag ödmjukt att den ofta läses av Ers Majestät.«

Kristina: »Jag tvivlar på att Ni har en dålig uppfattning om mig att Ni så uppriktigt övertalar mig att göra detta, som om Ni tyckte att jag var för lat i det.«

Whitelocke: »Jag ger bara mitt ödmjuka råd till Ers Majestät, av min egen erfarenhet, av den stora tröst, visdom och sanna nöje som är att möta i denna bok och ingen annanstans, och att alla saker utanför den är utan värde.«

Kristina: »Jag är helt av samma åsikt, men det finns för många som inte har en så vördnadsvärd åsikt om det som de borde ha.«

Whitelocke: »Det finns verkligen, madam, alltför många som hånar den här boken och Gud själv, vars bok det är; men dessa stackars maskar skall en dag veta att Gud inte vill bli hånad och att de och deras förebråelser skall förgås tillsammans; och jag är glad att höra Ers Majestäts motvilja mot sådana onda.«

Kristina: »Visserligen borde varje god kristen avsky sådana män och sådana åsikter.«


Above: Kristina.


Above: Bulstrode Whitelocke.

Bulstrode Whitelocke's diary entry, dated April 24/May 4 (Old Style), 1654

Sources:

A journal of the Swedish ambassy, volume 2, pages 97 to 100, by Bulstrode Whitelocke, published in 1772
The Sibyl of the North: The Tale of Christina, Queen of Sweden, page 92; pages 96 to 97, by Faith Compton Mackenzie, 1931



The diary entry excerpt:

Whitelocke waited on the queen to give her the wellcome home, and found her lodgings changed, leaving the better roomes for the prince; she excused her long stay out of town, and said she would now have no more delay in his buisnes, butt it should be forthwith dispatched. Whitelocke told her, that the chancellor and his son were not yett come to town; but he humbly thanked her majesty for the speed of her returne: she assured him that her chancellor and his son would be in town the next day, and that she should not have come to towne so soon butt for his buisnes, that the day after her chancellor's comming the articles might be signed.

She likewise discoursed with him about the secret article, that in case those heer should not performe justly with her, that then the protector should not be bound by this treaty. Whitelocke told her, that Woolfeldt and he had conference about it, and had fully considered it, and were both of opinion, that it would be unfitt for her majesty to make such an article, and it might turne to her prejudice; butt Whitelocke said, that if she pleased to write to the protector, and to leave her letters with Whitelocke to procure an answear from his highnes to her majesty, wherby his care for her good and assistance to her might appeare, and the letter to be fitt to be showed, it might be of more advantage to her then such a secret article, to which he was not impowred to assent, butt it must be remitted to the protector: and whither he would consent to it, in that way or not, was doubtfull; and when it should be knowne to those heer, it would be distastfull. Uppon this, the queen seemed fully satisfyed, as to the secret article to be layd aside, and not more thought on.

Whitelocke advised her as formerly touching her liberty, and not long continuing heer after her resignation; and she thanked him for his advice, and sayd, that in case those heer should not deale justly with her, she hoped she should find the protector a friend to her, and that she did putt herselfe uppon his nobleness and friendship.

Whitelocke told her, that the protector was a great lover and maintainer of justice and honor, and had a perticular affection to her majesty, which he believed she would find him ready to manifest uppon this or any other occasion, and find him a true friend to her; wherwith (poor lady!) she seemed much comforted, having brought her affayres to so low an ebbe as this was; and thus high was the protector's reputation heer.

As to the generall buisnes of the treaty with Whitelocke, she said, it would be fitt to have the articles signed to-morrowe, and that Whitelocke soon after should have his audience, and she would give order to have it done accordingly.

She asked Whitelocke if he would beare her company to take the aier, which he did; and she riding a horse managed to the great saddle, who was troublesome, she came into her coach, and caused Whitelocke to sitt in the same boote with her, that they might discourse the more privately. There were also in her coach the senator Rosenhaw, Grave Tot, and Steinbergh.

The queen freely told Whitelocke, that if he would not sell his horses, as she understood he would not, that yett she should take it for a favour, if he would lett her have one of his setts of coach horses, which would doe her great service in her intended journey, they being fitter for travayle then any she had. Whitelocke told her, they were all att her majesty's service; that he thought it not becoming him to sell them, butt if she pleased to accept them, she should freely have them; that he thought his black horses fittest for her, and best, and there were eight of them, and the other sett he intended to present unto the prince: "that", she said, "would be very well", and she kindly thanked him, and accepted of his complement.

Whitelocke also told the queen, that he had a smalle cabinet of glasses of spirits of waters, essences of excellent kinds, extracted; butt he believed that her majesty did not much esteem such things, and they were too inconsiderable to make a present of them to the queen mother, if she had any liking of them. The queen said, her mother was much pleased with such essences, and that she would send them to her from Whitelocke. He asked when he should bring them, and an english bible which he promised to the queen; she said, to-morrow if he pleased, and that att all times he should be wellcome to her.

With modernised spelling:

Whitelocke waited on the Queen to give her the welcome home and found her lodgings changed, leaving the better rooms for the Prince. She excused her long stay out of town and said she would now have no more delay in his business, but it should be forthwith dispatched. Whitelocke told her that the Chancellor and his son were not yet come to town, but he humbly thanked Her Majesty for the speed of her return. She assured him that her Chancellor and his son would be in town the next day and that she should not have come to town so soon but for his business, that the day after her Chancellor's coming the articles might be signed.

She likewise discoursed with him about the secret article, that in case those here should not perform justly with her, that then the Protector should not be bound by this treaty. Whitelocke told her that Ulfeldt and he had conference about it and had fully considered it, and were both of opinion that it would be unfit for Her Majesty to make such an article, and it might turn to her prejudice; but Whitelocke said that if she pleased to write to the Protector and to leave her letters with Whitelocke to procure an answer from His Highness to Her Majesty, whereby his care for her good and assistance to her might appear, and the letter to be fit to be showed, it might be of more advantage to her then such a secret article, to which he was not empowered to assent, but it must be remitted to the Protector; and whether he would consent to it in that way or not was doubtful, and when it should be known to those here, it would be distasteful.

Upon this the Queen seemed fully satisfied, as to the secret article to be laid aside and not more thought on.

Whitelocke advised her as formerly touching her liberty and not long continuing here after her resignation, and she thanked him for his advice and said that in case those here should not deal justly with her, she hoped she should find the Protector a friend to her and that she did put herself upon his nobleness and friendship.

Whitelocke told her that the Protector was a great lover and maintainer of justice and honour and had a particular affection to Her Majesty, which he believed she would find him ready to manifest upon this or any other occasion and find him a true friend to her, wherewith (poor lady!) she seemed much comforted, having brought her affairs to so low an ebb as this was; and thus high was the Protector's reputation here.

As to the general business of the treaty with Whitelocke, she said it would be fit to have the articles signed tomorrow and that Whitelocke soon after should have his audience, and she would give order to have it done accordingly.

She asked Whitelocke if he would bear her company to take the air, which he did; and she riding a horse managed to the great saddle, who was troublesome, she came into her coach and caused Whitelocke to sit in the same boot with her that they might discourse the more privately. There were also in her coach the senator Rosenhane, Grave Tott, and Steinberg.

The Queen freely told Whitelocke that if he would not sell his horses, as she understood he would not, that yet she should take it for a favour if he would let her have one of his sets of coach horses, which would do her great service in her intended journey, they being fitter for travel than any she had. Whitelocke told her they were all at Her Majesty's service, that he thought it not becoming him to sell them, but if she pleased to accept them, she should freely have them; that he thought his black horses fittest for her, and best, and there were eight of them; and the other set he intended to present unto the Prince. "That", she said, "would be very well", and she kindly thanked him and accepted of his compliment.

Whitelocke also told the Queen that he had a small cabinet of glasses of spirits of waters, essences of excellent kinds, extracted; but he believed that Her Majesty did not much esteem such things, and they were too inconsiderable to make a present of them to the Queen Mother, if she had any liking of them. The Queen said her mother was much pleased with such essences and that she would send them to her from Whitelocke. He asked when he should bring them and an English Bible which he promised to the Queen; she said tomorrow, if he pleased, and that at all times he should be welcome to her.


Above: Kristina.


Above: Maria Eleonora.


Above: Bulstrode Whitelocke.

Note: Kristina was certainly an expert of sorts on her mother's love for essence waters. Sometime when she was six, seven or eight years old and desperately dehydrated from consistently refusing to drink beer or wine, she had been sneaking every evening after supper to drink the supply of rosewater that Maria Eleonora used for washing her face in the mornings, and it worked for a while until the mother got suspicious and one night the child got caught in the act by either a lady-in-waiting or a buffoon. Sadly, Kristina ended up getting birch-whipped and yelled at for it, but instead of crying, she said that without that rosewater she would have died from thirst. From then on she was finally allowed to drink a special water supply of their very own as well as the less alcoholic small beer, if only to save her from dehydration, but even after finally having her needs accommodated, Kristina still did not drink or even feel thirst unless it was overwhelming.

Wednesday, January 24, 2024

Jean Nicolas de Parival on Kristina's attendance at the wedding of Maria Juliana Wrangel and Nils Brahe the Younger in December 1660 and the pamphlet written against her by Johannes Elai Terserus, the Bishop of Åbo, in February 1661

Source:

Continuation du histoire du siècle de fer par Parival, volume 2, book 1, pages 43 to 44, by Jean Nicolas de Parival, 1666
Kristina's letter of February 3/13 to secretary Vilhelm Davisson is here:
The account:

La haste que nous auions de suiure la magnanime Reine Christine, nous auoit fait oublier le suiet qui l'arréta quelque temps à Nortcoping ville de son Appanage. Vn peu auparauant son depart de Stocholm se consomma, le mariage de la fille de l'heureux General Vrangel auec le fils du Comte Brahe, qu'elle honora de sa presence auec la Reine regente, & où les delicatesses & confitures surmonterent presque celles d'Italie & de France. «Les manieres de viure aussi bien que les mœurs sont changées & la cuisine simple de nos ancestres est rejettée comme niaises, bien que tres-conuenable à la santé. Aussi viuoient ils plus long-temps que ne font aujourd'huy ceux de ce siecle.»

Il arriua aussi vne si gande tempeste en ladite ville que cinq des plus grands nauires furent emportez, trois echoüez & deux tellement endommagez qu'ils coulerent à fond.

Durant le sejour que cette Princesse fit à Nortcoping, qui se passa en des visites, ballets & diuertissemens Royaux, elle n'oublia pas de mettre la derniere main à ses affaires, afin possible de n'estre pas obligée de refaire vn si long voyage pour le mesme suiet. Elle reçeut auis au mesme temps que l'Euesque d'Aboo s'étoit vanté dans vne lettre d'auoir veu ietter des soupirs & des larmes à ladite Reine, touchant le changement de sa religion, dont il vouloit inferer qu'elle se repentoit de tout ce qui s'estoit passé, & que s'il estoit à faire il ne se feroit pas. «Mais l'aigle ne fait pas semblant de voir les moineaux, ny le chant des hyboux ne l'empesche pas de prendre son repos. Plus les ames sont genereuses, & moins font elles semblant de voir les actions laches. Le mensonge dicté par des hommes de petite naissance choque les grands, comme l'abayement des petits chiens les grands dogues.» Elle s'en émeut fort peu comme il paroit par la lettre qu'elle enuoya à son Secretaire Davison, dont i'ay voulu inserer les principaux argumens pour depeindre la folie de plusieurs Theologiens, & la grandeur de courage de cette Reine. ...

With modernised spelling:

La hâte que nous avions de suivre la magnanime reine Christine nous avait fait oublier le sujet qui l'arrêta quelque temps à Norrköping, ville de son appanage. Un peu auparavant son départ de Stockholm, se consomma le mariage de la fille de l'heureux général Wrangel avec le fils du comte Brahe, qu'elle honora de sa présence avec la reine-régente, et où les delicatesses et confitures surmontèrent presque celles d'Italie et de France.

«Les manières de vivre, aussi bien que les mœurs, sont changées, et la cuisine simple de nos ancêtres est rejettée comme niaises, bien que très convenable à la santé. Aussi vivaient-ils plus longtemps que ne font aujourd'hui ceux de ce siècle?»

Il arriva aussi une si gande tempête en ladite ville que cinq des plus grands navires furent emportés, trois échoués, et deux tellement endommagés qu'ils coulèrent à fond.

Durant le séjour que cette princesse fit à Norrköping, qui se passa en des visites, ballets et divertissements royaux, elle n'oublia pas de mettre la dernière main à ses affaires, afin possible de n'être pas obligée de refaire un si long voyage pour le même sujet. Elle reçut avis au même temps que l'évêque d'Åbo s'était vanté dans une lettre d'avoir vu jetter des soupirs et des larmes à ladite reine touchant le changement de sa religion, dont il voulait inférer qu'elle se repentait de tout ce qui s'était passé et que s'il était à faire il ne se ferait pas.

«Mais l'aigle ne fait pas semblant de voir les moineaux, ni le chant des hiboux ne l'empêche pas de prendre son repos. Plus les âmes sont généreuses, et moins font-elles semblant de voir les actions lâches. Le mensonge dicté par des hommes de petite naissance choque les grands, comme l'aboiement des petits chiens les grands dogues.»

Elle s'en émut fort peu, comme il paraît par la lettre qu'elle envoya à son secrétaire Davisson, dont j'ai voulu insérer les principaux arguments pour dépeindre la folie de plusieurs théologiens et la grandeur de courage de cette reine. ...

Swedish translation (my own):

Den brådska vi hade att följa den storsint drottning Kristina hade fått oss att glömma ämnet som stoppade henne en tid i Norrköping, hennes apanagestad. Lite före hennes avresa från Stockholm ägde bröllop rum med den glade generalen Wrangels dotter med greve Brahes son, vilken hon hedrade med sin närvaro hos drottningregenten, och där delikatesserna och sötsakerna nästan överträffade Italiens och  Frankrike.

»Levnadssätten, såväl som moralen, förändrats, och våra förfäders enkla matlagning avvisas som dum, fastän mycket hälsosam. Så levde de längre än vad de i detta århundrade gör idag?«

Det kom också en så stor storm i nämnda stad, att fem av de största skeppen fördes bort, tre strandade och två blev så skadade att de sjönk.

Under den vistelse som denna prinsessa gjorde i Norrköping, som tillbringades i besök, baletter och kungliga underhållningar, glömde hon inte att lägga sista handen på sina angelägenheter, för att inte bli tvungen att upprepa en så lång resa för samma ämne. Hon fick samtidigt besked om att biskopen i Åbo i ett brev skryt med att han sett suckar och tårar falla på nämnda drottning angående förändringen i hennes religion, varav han ville sluta sig till att hon ångrade allt som hade skett och att om det måste göras så skulle det inte göras.

»Men örnen låtsas inte se sparvarna, inte heller hindrar ugglornas sång honom från att vila. Ju generösare själar är, desto mindre låtsas de se fega handlingar. Lögnen dikterad av män av ringa börd chockerar de stora, som små hundars skällande mot stora mastiffer.«

Hon blev mycket lite rörd av det, vilket framgår av det brev hon skickade till sin sekreterare Davisson, av vilket jag har velat lägga in huvudargumenten för att skildra flera teologers galenskap och denna drottnings stora mod. ...

English translation (my own):

The haste we had to follow the magnanimous Queen Kristina had made us forget the subject which stopped her for some time in Norrköping, the town of her appanage. A little before her departure from Stockholm, the marriage of the daughter of the happy General Wrangel with the son of Count Brahe took place, whom she honoured with her presence with the Queen Regent, and where the delicacies and sweetmeats almost surpassed those of Italy and France.

"The ways of living, as well as the morals, are changed, and the simple cuisine of our ancestors is rejected as stupid, although very healthy. So did they live longer than those of this century do today?"

There also came such a great storm in the said city that five of the largest ships were carried away, three were stranded, and two were so damaged that they sank.

During the stay that this princess made in Norrköping, which was spent in visits, ballets and royal entertainments, she did not forget to put the finishing touches to her affairs, so as not to be obliged to repeat such a long journey for the same subject. She received notice at the same time that the Bishop of Åbo had boasted in a letter that he had seen sighs and tears shed at the said Queen regarding the change in her religion, from which he wanted to infer that she was repenting of everything that had happened and that if it had to be done, it would not be done.

"But the eagle does not pretend to see the sparrows, nor does the song of the owls prevent him from taking his rest. The more generous souls are, the less they pretend to see cowardly actions. The lie dictated by men of little birth shocks the great ones, like the barking of small dogs at great mastiffs."

She was very little moved by it, as appears from the letter she sent to her secretary Davisson, of which I have wanted to insert the main arguments to depict the madness of several theologians and the great courage of this queen. ...


Above: Kristina.


Above: Hedvig Eleonora.


Above: Johannes Elai Terserus, the Bishop of Åbo.

Note: Carl Gustaf Wrangel's eldest daughter, Margareta Juliana Wrangel, married Count Nils Brahe's son Nils Brahe the Younger in December 1660.

Jean Nicolas de Parival on the priests' arguments against Kristina and how it frightened and outraged her to the point of tears and literally begging them to reconsider, to no avail, year 1660

Sources:

Continuation du histoire du siècle de fer par Parival, volume 1, book 3, pages 230 to 233, by Jean Nicolas de Parival, 1666
Christina of Sweden, pages 210 to 211, by Ida Ashworth Taylor, 1909


The Sibyl of the North: The Tale of Christina, Queen of Sweden, pages 190 to 191, by Faith Compton Mackenzie, 1931


The account:

La Reine Christine voyant que les rayons de son soleil n'auoient plus assez de force pour échauffer ceux qu'elle auoit tant obligez tenant les resnes de l'Empire Suedois, pleins d'auersion contre elle pour la haine qu'ils portent à la Religion Catholique, se trouua embarrassée dans des reproches & disputes Ecclesiastiques, qui ne luy donnerent pas peu d'apprehension, & luy firent douter d'vn bon succez de ses affaires. «Ces gens là peuuent beaucoup, quand ils sont épaulez par quelques grands, qui cherchent, sans se decouurir, la ruine d'vne bonne cause.» Il est à propos de mettre icy quelques inuectiues, en forme d'argumens, que firent ces pretendus Prelats, qui ne pouuoient approuuer en leurs consciences que la fille du Grand Gustave ioüoit des merites de son Pere, par ce que la Religion qu'il auoit maintenuë, introduite par son grand Pere, couroit risque d'estre supprimée par elle, ayant fait serment (comme ils dissoient) dans son abiuration de s'en rendre ennemie. «Le Pape», disoient ils, «est ennemy de nostre Religion Euangelique, & par consequent l'ennemy le plus irreconciliable de la Couronne de Suede.» Le surnom d'Alexandre leur deplaisoit plus qu'aux Apostres les onguents iettez sur les pieds du Sauueur. Ils étalerent aussi qu'ils n'auoient pû estre surmontez par tant d'ennemis, par ce qu'ils auoient deffendu les veritez Euangeliques plus que les autres nations; C'est pourquoy ils ne pouuoient souffrit [sic] l'idolatrie, selon les priuileges, ny clandestines ny publiques: De façon que tout contract deuoit estre annullé. Cette harangue trouuant de l'approbation dans le conseil politique, iettoit la Reine dans de grandes craintes, laquelle se voyant attaquée fort indiscrettement, ne pût arrester ses larmes, & nonobstant qu'on luy reprochât son changement, elle ne laissa pas de demeurer ferme en la maintenuë de son droit. Vn des Senateurs se ioignant au Clergé, luy osa dire qu'elle estoit decheuë entierement de tous ses droits & pretentions pour auoir embrassé l'Eglise Romaine. A la réponse qu'elle fit de n'estre résponsable deuant personne, comme estant Souueraine; il luy fut repliqué que par son contract elle ne pouuoit annuller les constitutions du Royaume. Le Clergé adioûta que ledit contract ne pouuoit subsister, si elle ne demeuroit constante en la Religion. Mais elle, voyant que son authorité estoit sans pouuoir & que la iustice desarmée ne peut rien contre la force, eut recours aux larmes, priant à iointes mains les Ecclesiastiques de luy vouloir accorder son droit. Ils répondirent qu'ils n'y pouuoient consentir quant à la Religion, sans pecher contre Dieu, leurs consciences, & leurs Eglises Euangeliques, tant en Allemagne qu'en Suede, qui leur reprocheroient de n'estre ny chauds ny froids. Cela fait, on abbattit sa chappelle malgré elle, & on fit repasser la mer aux Prestres & aux Italie[n]s de sa suite. Si les armes l'argent & le conseil du fils ainé de l'Eglise Catholique ne les eussent fortifiés, leur Euangile, enfié de tant de prosperitez, ne les eut pas rendus si puissans, mais cette viande grossiere est bonne pour le menu peuple; & non pour des Senateurs. Elle n'estoit plus Reine que de nom, & celuy qu'elle auoit fait Roy, & qui se vantoit d'auoir tout de Dieu & de Christine, n'estoit plus: il y auoit vn autre soleil qui paroissoit sur l'horison Gotique, d'autres maximes, & i'ose dire que ceux qui auoient l'administration de l'Estat n'eussent pas desiré qu'elle se fut remise au giron du Lutheranisme, pour des raisons fort politiques. Elle auoit regné auec beaucoup de prudence méme dans les cœurs de ses suiets, de façon que sa presence ne pouuoit apporter que de l'ombrage; & il n'y auoit point de plus assuré moyen d'empécher qu'elle ne regaignat les cœurs, qu'en faisant agir le Clergé contre elle. «Les ialousies au fait des Gouuernemens sont tres-puissantes, & les innocentes soûmission mesme, qui les deuroient amoindrir, les augmentont.» Ce braue Gentil-homme Suedois nous en donne vne preuue suffisante; sans en aller chercher d'autres ailleurs, lequel étant reuenu de son Ambassade d'Angleterre, fut mal heureusement poignardé par le Roy Eric, sur vne jalousie qu'il auoit conçeuë sur vn faux rapport. Nous luy laisserons démeler vne fusee auec ces gens là, beaucoup plus facheuse qu'elle n'auoit preueu, durant tout l'hyuer...

With modernised spelling:

La reine Christine, voyant que les rayons de son soleil n'avaient plus assez de force pour échauffer ceux qu'elle avait tant obligés tenant les rênes de l'empire suédois, pleins d'aversion contre elle pour la haine qu'ils portent à la religion catholique, se trouva embarrassée dans des reproches et disputes écclesiastiques qui ne lui donnèrent pas peu d'appréhension et lui firent douter d'un bon succès de ses affaires.

«Ces gens-là peuvent beaucoup quand ils sont épaulés par quelques grands, qui cherchent, sans se découvrir, la ruine d'une bonne cause.»

Il est à propos de mettre ici quelques invectives en forme d'arguments que firent ces prétendus prélats, qui ne pouvaient approuver en leurs consciences que la fille du grand Gustave jouait des mérites de son père, parce que la religion qu'il avait maintenue, introduite par son grand père, courait risque d'être supprimée par elle, ayant fait serment (comme ils disaient) dans son abjuration de s'en rendre ennemie.

«Le pape», disaient ils, «est ennemi de notre religion évangelique, et par conséquent l'ennemi le plus irreconciliable de la Couronne de Suède.»

Le surnom d'Alexandre leur déplaisait plus qu'aux apôtres, les onguents jettés sur les pieds du Sauveur. Ils étalèrent aussi qu'ils n'avaient pu être surmontés par tant d'ennemis, parce qu'ils avaient défendu les vérités évangeliques plus que les autres nations. C'est pourquoi ils ne pouvaient souffrir l'idolatrie, selon les privilèges, ni clandestines ni publiques, de façon que tout contrat devait être annullé.

Cette harangue, trouvant de l'approbation dans le conseil politique, jettait la reine dans de grandes craintes, laquelle, se voyant attaquée fort indiscrètement, ne put arrêter ses larmes, et nonobstant qu'on lui reprochât son changement, elle ne laissa pas de demeurer ferme en la maintenue de son droit. Un des sénateurs, se joignant au clergé, lui osa dire qu'elle était déchue entièrement de tous ses droits et prétentions pour avoir embrassé l'Église romaine.

A la réponse qu'elle fit de n'être responsable devant personne, comme étant souveraine, il lui fut repliqué que, par son contrat, elle ne pouvait annuller les constitutions du royaume. Le clergé ajouta que ledit contrat ne pouvait subsister si elle ne demeurait constante en la religion.

Mais elle, voyant que son autorité était sans pouvoir et que la justice désarmée ne put rien contre la force, eut recours aux larmes, priant à jointes mains les écclesiastiques de lui vouloir accorder son droit. Ils répondirent qu'ils n'y pouvaient consentir quant à la religion sans pêcher contre Dieu, leurs consciences, et leurs églises évangeliques, tant en Allemagne qu'en Suède, qui leur reprocheraient de n'être ni chauds ni froids.

Cela fait, on abattit sa chapelle malgré elle, et on fit repasser la mer aux prêtres et aux Italiens de sa suite. Si les armes, l'argent et le conseil du fils ainé de l'Église catholique ne les eussent fortifiés, leur Évangile, enfié de tant de prospérités, ne les eut pas rendus si puissants, mais cette viande grossière est bonne pour le menu peuple et non pour des sénateurs.

Elle n'était plus reine que de nom, et celui qu'elle avait fait roi, et qui se vantait d'avoir tout de Dieu et de Christine, n'était plus. Il y avait un autre soleil qui paraissait sur l'horison gothique, d'autres maximes, et j'ose dire que ceux qui avaient l'administration de l'État n'eussent pas désiré qu'elle se fut remise au giron du luthéranisme, pour des raisons fort politiques. Elle avait régné avec beaucoup de prudence même dans les cœurs de ses sujets, de façon que sa présence ne pouvait apporter que de l'ombrage; et il n'y avait point de plus assuré moyen d'empêcher qu'elle ne régagnât les cœurs qu'en faisant agir le clergé contre elle.

«Les jalousies au fait des gouvernements sont très puissantes, et les innocentes soumission[s]-même, qui les devraient amoindrir, les augmentont.»

Ce brave gentilhomme suédois nous en donne une preuve suffisante, sans en aller chercher d'autres ailleurs, lequel, étant revenu de son ambassade d'Angleterre, fut malheureusement poignardé par le roi Eric, sur une jalousie qu'il avait conçue sur un faux rapport. Nous lui laisserons démêler une fusée avec ces gens-là, beaucoup plus fâcheuse qu'elle n'avait prévu durant tout l'hiver...

Swedish translation (my own):

Drottning Kristina, som såg att hennes solstrålar inte längre hade styrka nog att värma dem som hon så tvingat hålla i det svenska rikets tyglar, fulla av motvilja mot henne för det hat de bär mot den katolska religionen, fann sig generad över  kyrkliga förebråelser och dispyter som gav henne ingen liten farhåga och fick henne att tvivla på framgången för sina affärer.

»Dessa människor kan göra mycket när de får stöd av några få fantastiska människor, som söker, utan att avslöja sig själva, förstörelsen av en god sak.«

Det är lämpligt att här sätta några invektiver i form av argument från dessa så kallade prelater, som inte kunde godkänna i sitt samvete att dottern till den store Gustav utnyttjade sin fars förtjänster, eftersom den religion han hade upprätthållit, introducerad av sin farfar, riskerade att bli förtryckt av henne, efter att ha svurit (som de sa) i hennes avsky att göra sig själv till en fiende.

»Påven«, sade de, »är en fiende till vår evangeliska religion, och därför den mest oförsonliga fienden till Sveriges Krona.«

Smeknamnet Alexandra misshagade dem mer än apostlarna, de salvor som kastades på Frälsarens fötter. De visade också att de inte hade kunnat övervinnas av så många fiender, eftersom de hade försvarat evangeliets sanningar mer än andra nationer. Det är därför de inte kunde tolerera avgudadyrkan, enligt privilegier, varken hemlig eller offentlig, så att varje kontrakt måste annulleras.

Denna harang, som fann godkännande i det politiska rådet, kastade drottningen i stor rädsla, som, då hon såg sig själv anfallen mycket indiskret, inte kunde hålla sina tårar tillbaka, och trots att hon blev förebrått för sin förändring, slutade hon inte att förbli fast i att upprätthålla sina rättigheter. En av rådsmännen, som anslöt sig till prästerskapet, vågade berätta för henne att hon helt hade förlorat alla sina rättigheter och anspråk på att ha anammat den romerska Kyrkan.

Till hennes svar att hon inte var ansvarig gentemot någon, eftersom hon var suveräne, fick hon veta att hon genom sitt kontrakt inte kunde annullera rikets konstitutioner. Prästerskapet tillade att det nämnda kontraktet inte kunde bestå om hon inte förblev konstant i religionen.

Men då hon såg att hennes auktoritet var maktlös och att avväpnad rättvisa inte kunde göra något mot våld, tog hon till tårar och bad med båda händer kyrkligheten att vara villiga att ge henne hennes rätt. De svarade att de inte kunde samtycka till det angående religion utan att synda mot Gud, deras samveten och deras evangeliska kyrkor, både i Tyskland och i Sverige, som skulle förebrå dem för att de varken var heta eller kalla.

När detta gjordes, revs hennes kapell trots henne, och prästerna och italienarna i hennes svit fick korsa havet igen. Om inte vapen, pengar och råd från den katolska Kyrkans äldste son hade stärkt dem, skulle deras Evangelium, fyllt av så mycket välstånd, inte ha gjort dem så mäktiga, men detta grova kött är gott för allmogen och  inte för rådsmän.

Hon var inte längre drottning utom bara till namnet, och mannen som hon hade gjort till konung och som skröt över att ha allt från Gud och Kristina fanns inte längre. Det var en annan sol som dök upp på den gotiska horisonten, andra maximer, och jag vågar påstå att de som hade förvaltningen av staten inte skulle ha velat att den skulle ha återvänt till lutherdomens sköte, av mycket politiska skäl. Hon hade regerat mycket försiktigt till och med i sina undersåtars hjärtan, så att hennes närvaro bara kunde väcka skam; och det fanns inget säkrare sätt att hindra henne från att vinna tillbaka hjärtan än genom att få prästerskapet att agera mot henne.

»Regeringars avundsjuka är mycket kraftfull, och även oskyldiga underkastelser, som borde minska dem, ökar dem.«

Denne tappre svenske herre ger oss tillräckligt bevis, utan att söka andra på annat håll, som, efter att ha återvänt från sin engelska beskickning, olyckligtvis blivit knivhuggen av konung Erik, av svartsjuka som han hade skapat på en falsk rapport. Vi kommer att låta henne reda ut ett gevär med dessa människor, mycket mer irriterande än hon hade räknat med hela vintern...

English translation (my own):

Queen Kristina, seeing that the rays of her sun no longer had enough strength to warm those whom she had so obliged holding the reins of the Swedish empire, full of aversion against her for the hatred they bear for the Catholic religion, found herself embarrassed by ecclesiastical reproaches and disputes which gave her no little apprehension and made her doubt the success of her affairs.

"These people can do a lot when they are supported by a few great people, who seek, without revealing themselves, the ruin of a good cause."

It is appropriate to put here some invectives in the form of arguments made by these so-called prelates, who could not approve in their consciences that the daughter of the great Gustav took advantage of the merits of her father, because the religion he had maintained, introduced by her grandfather, ran the risk of being suppressed by her, having sworn (as they said) in her abjuration to make herself an enemy.

"The Pope", they said, "is an enemy of our evangelical religion, and therefore the most irreconcilable enemy of the Crown of Sweden."

The nickname of Alexandra displeased them more than the apostles, the ointments thrown on the feet of the Saviour. They also showed that they had not been able to be overcome by so many enemies, because they had defended the gospel truths more than other nations. This is why they could not tolerate idolatry, according to privileges, neither clandestine nor public, so that every contract had to be annulled.

This harangue, finding approval in the political council, threw the Queen into great fear, who, seeing herself attacked very indiscreetly, could not stop her tears, and notwithstanding that she was reproached for her change, she did not stop remaining firm in maintaining her rights. One of the senators, joining the clergy, dared to tell her that she had completely lost all her rights and pretensions for having embraced the Roman Church.

To her response that she was not responsible to anyone, as she was sovereign, she was told that, by her contract, she could not annul the constitutions of the Realm. The clergy added that the said contract could not subsist if she did not remain constant in religion.

But she, seeing that her authority was powerless and that disarmed justice could do nothing against force, resorted to tears, begging with joined hands the ecclesiastics to be willing to grant her her right. They replied that they could not consent to it regarding religion without sinning against God, their consciences, and their evangelical churches, both in Germany and in Sweden, who would reproach them for being neither hot nor cold.

This being done, her chapel was demolished in spite of her, and the priests and the Italians of her suite were made to cross the sea again. If the arms, the money and the advice of the eldest son of the Catholic Church had not strengthened them, their Gospel, filled with so much prosperity, would not have made them so powerful, but this coarse meat is good for the common people and not for senators.

She was no longer queen except in name only, and the man whom she had made king, and who boasted of having everything from God and Kristina, was no more. There was another sun which appeared on the Gothic horizon, other maxims, and I dare say that those who had the administration of the State would not have wanted it to have returned to the bosom of Lutheranism, for very political reasons. She had ruled very cautiously even in the hearts of her subjects, so that her presence could only bring umbrage; and there was no more assured way of preventing her from winning back hearts than by making the clergy act against her.

"The jealousies of governments are very powerful, and even innocent submissions, which should diminish them, increase them."

This brave Swedish gentleman gives us sufficient proof, without looking for others elsewhere, who, having returned from his English embassy, ​​was unfortunately stabbed by King Erik, out of jealousy which he had conceived on a false report. We will let her unravel a fusee with these people, much more annoying than she had anticipated all winter...


Above: Kristina.